SCO: Unix (Unix tutorial) UNIX UNIX SystemV Operating System UNIX ( UNIX Tutorial ) , , - The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc, Microsoft Corporation. , , , - . - . - , - , . Portions 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Portions 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988 The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc. All rights reserved. , - : (b) (3) (ii) , (b) (2) ; , . 52.227-7013. Microsoft, MS-DOS XENIX Microsoft Corporation. UNIX AT&T Bell Laboratories. SCO : XG-5-16-88-5.0 . . ________________________________________________________ 1.  1.1 1-1 1.2 1-1 1.3 1-2 2.  2.1 2-1 2.2 2-1 2.3 2-2 2.4 2-6 2.5 2-10 2.6 2-13 3.  3.1 3-1 3.2 3-1 3.3 3-5 3.4 3-6 3.5 3-7 4.  4.1 4-1 4.2 4-1 4.3 vi 4-7 4.4 4-10 4.5 4-13 4.6 4-20 4.7 4-23 5.  5.1 5-1 5.2 5-1 5.3 5-9 5.4 5-10 5.5 5-12 5.6 Shell 5-17 . 6 UNIX 6.1 6-1 6.2 6-1 6.3 6-2 6.4 6-7 6.5 6-8 .  1.   _______________________________________________________ 1.1 1-1 1.2 1-1 1.3 1-2 . 1-1 1.1  UNIX. , UNIX XENIX. UNIX . , - . , - . , UNIX. , , UNIX. , - UNIX User's Reference UNIX User's Guide. 1.1  : . 1, "", , . . 2, " ", , - UNIX. , , . . 3, " ", , - , , , UNIX. . 4, " ", , , . , - , , , . , UNIX, . . 1-2 . 5, " ", , - UNIX. , - , , . UNIX. . 6, " UNIX", "- " UNIX: - , . , 2. , , - . - 3 6, - , . . , . , , , , , , , , . 4.4 4. , 4.4, 4.1 - 4.3. 1.3  - : . , , . .  , ,  . .  , ,  - . , Return RETURN. . 1-3 .      . : Ctrl-d. , , , , , . Control d. . , : touch(C) UNIX User's Reference, . .  2.  . ___________________________________________________________ 2.1 2-1 2.2 2-1 2.2.1 2-1 2.2.2 2-2 2.3 2-2 2.3.1 2-2 2.3.2 2-3 2.3.3 2-3 2.3.4 2-4 2.4 2-6 2.4.1 2-6 2.4.2 2-6 2.4.3 2-7 2.4.4 2-8 2.5 2-10 2.5.1 2-11 2.5.2 2-12 2.6 2-13 2.6.1 2-13 2.6.2 2-14 . 2-1 2.1  , - UNIX. - , - , , - . . 2.2 . 2.2.1  () , UNIX. - : . . , . . . . - . . . . - . - . - , - . . " ". - - , . . . " ". - UNIX. Bourne Shell, - ($). , C-Shell (%) , Visual Shell, - -. " UNIX", " UNIX", . . 2-2 , , UNIX. 2.2.2  , UNIX " ". (- ""). - - . - . , . 2.3  - UNIX. UNIX : (, , ""), . , - . 2.3.1  - . - , , - , , - . , - , . - , . : . , ; . , - ; . ; . ; . ; . () . . 2-3   - "" , - , . , - " ". UNIX :  , - cat  more. , , .   , - , .  , - , - , . , . . ( ). - , . , , / . , - , . , , UNIX - . , . , - , . 2.3.2 . , -, , - , " ". - . . - UNIX Administrator's Guide. 2.3.3 . - , , , . , (, ). "". . 2-4 . - , UNIX . , - : , , , , - , . , . , . - - , - " " . , - "" "". - , "" "- ". . , - . 2.3.4 . - - . UNIX - " " , . - . , - , "". , , - , .. cd - . , "" (root) , "" - . "" , - "". 2-1 : / root _________________|___________________ | | | bin usr dev | __________|__________ | | | | | chmod gwenl markt ttyla __|______ _______|__ | | | | mail news text data . 2-1 . 2-5 2-1 bin, usr, dev, gwenl  markt , . , (/). mail, news, text  data , - "" . chmod - , . - ttyla - . . , , "" . . 2-1 mail news gwenl, , ,  usr. usr . , - . . - . UNIX .  . UNIX , "", . , , . - , , - . UNIX usr, - 2-2. usr ______________|______________ | | | adam eve mary | ________|________ | | | | | text text temp text . 2-2. 2-2 , usr . - : adam, eve  mary. . 2-6 2.4 . , UNIX . - . 2.4.1 . - , 1 14 - , , , , , (_). - , . , - - . , , . - . - , , , , file1. , , . . , text, - . (. . 2-2). , "", lc. (System configuration files) . lc -a - . (-) , . , - (?), (*), ([ ]) , - UNIX. ( - " ", ). 2.4.2 . - , - , - - . , - . , - , ( ). pwd, . . 2-7 , , . - - . - : , , . , , , - . 2.4.3 . UNIX : / . /bin , - UNIX. /usr , - . /usr/bin - UNIX, /bin. /dev , . /dev/console - - . /dev/ttyXX - . XX , , la 006. - - . /lib , "" - , - . /usr/lib , UNIX. /tmp , . /usr/joe/run . run, - joe. . 2-8 bin/skript . skript bin - . (/), /bin/skript. /usr/joe, /usr/joe/bin/skript. file1 . , , "- " . " " . - UNIX : . . , ./filexxx filexxx , . .. , - . , ../.. - , "" . 2.4.4 . UNIX . , , - . - , , , chpt1, chpt2, chpt3 . . , , , chpt1.1, chpt1.2, chpt1.3 .. - , : lp chpt1.1 chpt1.2 chpt1.3 ... . 2-9 , , , , . , . - , - "", , - , . - : * . [] - . ? - . , : lp chpt* " ", , , : " , chpt, ". - . lp. . , lc chpt* * - . . , , : cat * . - , . , 1 4 9. : lp chpt[12349]* . 2-10 ([ ]) " ". , , : lp chpt[1-49]* (, - chpt1 chpt4 chpt9, - chpt1 chpt49). , : "[a-z]", " z". (?) - : lc ? , . (.. chpt1.1, chpt2.1, ...). lc chpt*.1 - *, ?, [], . , '?', : lc '?' "" UNIX User's Guide. 2.5  UNIX, lc, lp cat. lc - , lp , cat - - . . , UNIX , , . , - . . . 2-11 2.5.1 . UNIX , "- ", . - , . ( UNIX: Bourne Shell, C-Shell Visual Shell). UNIX , , , . , UNIX . , , " ". - RETURN. BKSP  Ctrl-u. INTERRUPT  RETURN, - , , . (- DEL  INTERRUPT). - , . , - - : date; pwd " ", - (&). "" . - - - . , /usr, , : du /usr > diskuse & du diskuse, , " > ". ( " " . " - "). . 2-12 2.5.2 . : cmd [] [] [ ] [...] , - . . - (-). . , lc - . - -l (lc -l) - . , : lc -rl , -rl . - , : copy -a -v  - copy    . -v "", - . , - : grep ' ' data.file  - , , grep data.file. . 2-13 2.6 . UNIX , , . : cat . - , , , Ctrl-d, " " " ". , :  RETURN   RETURN Ctrl-d cat - . , . : _________________________________________________________ | | $ cat |  |  |  |  | $ "", , , , , . , "", - . ( - ). 2.6.1  UNIX , . - : lc . 2-14 , , filelist ( , ): lc > filelist , - "- " ( > ),- : " , - , . - - : cat f1 f2 f3 > temp temp cat . , ( >> ), , - "- file1, file2  file3 temp, ": cat file1 file2 file3 >> temp , temp  , . , ( < ) : " , - " < ", ". - letter.txt  UNIX mail: mail adam eve mary < letter.txt ( mail 6 ). 2.6.2 . UNIX . - . - , , "". . 2-15 , , frank.txt, george.txt  hank.txt - . : sort frank.txt george.txt hank.txt > temp1 uniq < temp1 > temp2 more temp2 rm temp1 temp2 , , . sort  uniq, uniq more. - : sort frank.txt george.txt hank.txt | uniq | more (|) uniq sort, , sort, , uniq, , , more. - . wc , - . who - , . , , who: who | wc -l wc -l wc. - wc , , wc -l . , , . - , , , . , . .  3  . _________________________________________________________ 3.1 3-1 3.2 3-1 3.2.1 3-1 3.2.2 3-3 3.2.3 3-3 3.3 3-5 3.3.1 3-5 3.3.2 - 3-5 3.3.3 3-6 3.4 3-6 3.5 3-7 3.5.1 3-7 3.5.2 3-8 3.5.3 3-8 . 3-1 3.1  , , - UNIX: . . . . . . UNIX . , . , , . , , . UNIX User's Reference. 3.2 . UNIX - . , - . , - . 3.2.1 . , ( ). . , - , - UNIX Sistem Administrator's Guide, - . . .