- DOS. - , , DOS . DOS, UNIX, : * - mount point ( , - ). ,   mount point /x c 777, - .   mount point , - , , - ,  . * 0777 - /, 0555 - . - DOS. - , - , - 9-17a - DOS. - /. , , umask, . , , umask - - 022, , - , 777. :  1: : . 022 , 777 - DOS. . - 9-18 -  2:  , DOS. , "" mountpoint UNIX DOS. - , mountpoint UNIX - 750, DOS - 555, 550. - , umask. * link DOS. "." ".." - - link UNIX. * UNIX, , . DOS. - , - .  DOS , - (^M) DOS UNIX. ( UNIX , DOS - ). - dtox(C) xtod(C). dtox DOS UNIX, xtod - . " DOS"  .  , .   , dos  . DOS . , UNIX. - 9-19 -   DOS UNIX,- , GMT, .. . ( GMT ). , , DOS DOS UNIX, .  UNIX backup(ADM)  xbackup(ADM) - DOS. DOS tar(C) . , - DOS, dos(C) . - 9-20 - ________________________________________________________________  UNIX DOS  UNIX "- " . "" - , - ROM . , (), , . , . - , UNIX, , - "". - UNIX, DOS . - DOS, UNIX, DOS . , , - DOS . , - fdisk UNIX . fdisk DOS - fdisk, , , , .  10   ________________________________________________________________ 10-1 10-3 10-3 / 10-8 10-9 10-9 10-10 10-11a / 10-13 / 10-14 10-15 10-16 10-17 , 10-17 , 10-19 , 10-21 10-24 10-24 10-26 10-26 10-27 / 10-28 10-28 10-29 10-29 10-31 10-32 - 10-1 - ________________________________________________________________  - . - , , - , . - , , , - , - , . - , , , - . , , ,  - -   (  - , - ). :   ,     -  -  ,     -  -  -     , - , - , - , . " ". , - . - 10-2 - ________________________________________________________________  /etc/passwd  . , - . - sysadmsh . /etc/passwd  , . ________________________________________________________________ - 10-3 - ________________________________________________________________   .   , , sysadmsh. - . ( ), - . Sysadmsh  , - mail (- , .profile Bourne, .login ), - UNIX, , . sysadmsh :  -> ->  : +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | Create | | () | | Name of new user (once set, this can not be changed) | | ( ( , | | )) | | | | /tcb/files/auth 03/23/89 10:57 | | | | +----------------Make a new user account--------------------+| | | ( ) || | | || | |Username : [ ] || | |( ) || | | || | |Comment : [ ]|| | |() || | | || | |Modify defaults ? Yes [No] || | |( , ? []) || | +-----------------------------------------------------------+| +--------------------------------------------------------------+ - 10-4 - , : 1. , . 2. , - , "" "- , , - ". ; <F3> . <Enter>, , . 3. , , . , , : +------------------------------------------------------------- | : < > | : < > | : <> , . ( /usr/lib/mkuser). 4. - . Sysadmsh  , . , . "" - : +------------------------------------------------------------- | Last succesful password change for user: date | ( : ) | Last unsuccesful password change for auth: NEVER | ( :) | | Choose password | ( ) | You can choose whether you pick your own passord, | or have the system create one for you. | ( , , | ) | 1. Pick your own password( ) | 2. Pronounceable password will be generated for you | ( ) | Enter choice (default is 1): | ( ( 1):) - 10-4a - 5. 1 , : +------------------------------------------------------------- | Password: | () | | Re-enter password: | ( ) , , . - 10-5 - 6. "g", : +--------------------------------------------------------------- | . | , - | , . | <Return> <Enter> | . | , , . | : 'quit' - | . | |: xxxxxxxx : xx-xx-xx  : | , - . , . 7. , - . - , - , .  ,   Identity , . - ( , , , - ) . - . , - : - 10-6 - +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | Create | | ()| | Use the system default login group | | ( | | ) | | 7 dec 88 17:51 /usr/auth | |+-----------------Make a new user account--------------------+| || ( ) || || || ||+------------- New user account parameters ----------------+|| ||| ( ) ||| ||| ||| ||| Login group: Specify [Default] of value, ||| ||| ( <F3> for list: ||| ||| ) ( , , ||| ||| <F3> c:) ||| ||| Groups: [... ] ||| ||| () ||| ||| Login shell: Specify [Default] of sh value, ||| ||| ( <F3> for list: ||| ||| ) ( , sh,|| ||| <F3> :) ||| ||| Home directory: Specify [Default] of /usr/sample value, ||| ||| ( <F3> for list: ||| ||| ) ( , /usr/sample, ||| ||| <F3> :) ||| ||| User ID number: Specify [Default] of 200 value: ||| ||| ( - ( , 200) ||| ||| - ||| ||| ) ||| ||| CPU priority: Specify [Default] of 0 value: ||| ||| ( ( , 0) ||| ||| - ||| ||| ) ||| ||| Type of user: Specify [Default] of individual value, ||| ||| ( - <F3> for list: ||| ||| ) ( , - | ||| <F3> :) ||| ||| ||| ||| Account that may su(C) t this user: ||| ||| ( su(c) ||| |++ ). ++| +-+ +-+ +----------------------------------------------------------+ - 10-6a - "Login group( )". - -  Modify (), ; . Login group ( ) , - . - , . /etc/pesswd. <F3> . , , . - , "" . - ; , "". , ; , - . - , - . , <Return> . - 10-7 - Groups () , ; . - , , " ". Login shell (c ) C, . ( - /etc/default/authsh). - ("bin/sh"), , . , ( "sh") " ", , - /usr/lib/mkuser. - - , (: .profile "sh"), , . Home directory ( ) , - . <F3> , - . User ID ( ) . ( , - ). - . CPU priority ( ) : 0 - , - 0 - . . nice(C); . - , . - , , . Type of user ( ) , "individual()" "pseudo-user(-)". - individual. - - . - mmdf. - " - ", . - 10-7a - Account that may su(C) to this user (   su(c) ). . , , -  individual. individual , . ( ). , . , - ; . <F3> . - 10-8 -   Identity, , - , ., Privileges. - " , - " . /  "- , " - " ". , , - . , : -> -> : : +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | Authorizations| | () | | Use default kernel autorizations | | ( , ) | | 7 Dec 88 17:51 /usr/auth | |+-----------View/modify an existing user account------------+| ||(/ ) ||+-------------------- Authorizations ---------------------+|| ||| () ||| ||| Username : sample ||| ||| ( ) ||| ||| Kernel : Specify Default authorizations: [... ]||| ||| ( ) ||| ||| Subsystem: Specify Default authorizations: [... ]||| |||( ) ||| ||| ||| ||| When specifying authorizations ||| ||| <F3> will list thos which may ||| ||| be selected ||| ||| ( <F3> ||| ||| , ||| ++| ) |++ ++ ++ +---------------------------------------------------------+ - 10-9 - "" <F3> , ________________________________________________________________  , - , - ; , , . ________________________________________________________________   , - . . , "", . - , , - sysadmsh:  -> ->  ________________________________________________________________  . . ________________________________________________________________ /  - . , - - ( " "). , - . - sysadmsh:  -> -> :  : - 10-10 - +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ | Logins | | ( ) | | Use the system default limit on unsuccessful login attempt | | ( , , | | ) | | | | +-----View/modify an existing user account-----------+ | | |(/ | | | | ) | | |+--+----------Login history and locks-------------------+-------+| || ( a ) || || || || Username : sample || ||( ) || || Last login attempt Location Date/time || ||( (- ( || || ) ) ) || || || || successful : tty01 Thu 3 jan 1989 08:22: 6 AM || || () || || unsuccessful : tty2b Mon 7 jan 1989 02:12: 9 AM || || () || || Last logout : tty2b Mon 7 jan 1989 03:19:24 AM || ||( || || ) || || || || Number of unsuccessful login attempts since last || || successful login: 1( - || || ) || || Maximum number of unsuccessful attempts before account is || || locked ( - || || , ) || || Specify Default of 6 Value : || || () ( () || || 6) || || Account locked : NO LOCKS || ||( : ) || || || ||Lock status[No change] Apply administrative lock Clear all lock|| ||( ( - ( -|| ||) ) ) || |+---------------------------------------------------------------+| +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ - 10-10a - " " - - .   , - : -> -> : : - 10-11 - +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | Examine | | () | |Group associated with this account when the user logs in | |(<F3> for list) ( - | |, (<F3> | | )) | | +--------View/Modify an existing user account-------+ | | |(/ | | | |) | | |+-+----------------------Identity---------------------+------+| || () || || Username : sample || ||( ) || || User ID : 246 Type of user : Individual || ||( ( ) || || ) || || Account that may su(C) to this user: NONE || ||( , su(C) || || ) || || Login group : [pub] || ||( ) || || Groups : [adm] || ||() || || Login shell : [/bin/sh] || ||( ) || || Home directory: [/usr/sample] || ||( ) || || Comment : [Sample] || ||() || || Priority : Specify [Default] of 0 Value: || ||() () ( ) () || |+------------------------------------------------------------+| +--------------------------------------------------------------+ , ( - ) Identity. - - . - 10-11a -   - . , . . , , :  -> -> : : - 10-12 - +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | Password | | () | | Use the system default maximum password length for | | this user ( , | | , ) | | 10 Dec 88 19:33 /usr/auth | | +-------View/modify an existing user accounts--------+ | | |(/ | | | |) | | |+-+-----------------password selection-----------------+----+| || ( ) || || Username: sample || ||( ) || || Maximum password length: Specify [Default] of 10 Value: || ||( () ( (|| || ) 10) || || User can run generator : Yes No [Default] of Yes || ||( () () ( ) || || ) || || User can choose own : Yes No [Default] of No || ||( () () ( ) || || ) || || Checked for obviousness: Yes No [Default] of Yes || ||( p- () () ( ) || || ) || || Current password status: [Keep] Change Disable || ||( ) ()()() || |+-----------------------------------------------------------+| +-------------------------------------------------------------+ " , ". , "" . , " - ". "" , .