:


---------------------------------------------------------------
     
http://www.atlas.net.ru/unix-nt/unix-nt.html
---------------------------------------------------------------



   
   
   
   


    -   (ilgam@atlas.net.ru),
 , Copyright  1998



      http://www.kirch.net/unix-nt.html





Czech
German Japanese
Portuguese
Spanish





Microsoft Windows NT Server 4.0  UNIX




John Kirch,      Microsoft
(Windows NT)

 : 26  1998









 

   IT    ,    
Microsoft Windows NT Server     UNIX?     ,
UNIX    ;     ,
   (   ) AIX, BSDI, Digital UNIX,
FreeBSD, HP-UX, IRIX, Linux, NetBSD, OpenBSD, Pyramid, SCO, Solaris, SunOS.
 Windows NT Server ,      
 MIS (management information system) ?  , ,
    ,     ,  
Microsoft?


 ,  , ?   , 
 ,   ,   /,
  , ,     ,
   / ,  - 
  /  ,   
,     -    ,
     ,    .
   .


  , ,   ,    ,
      ,   
        
. UNIX  -- ,  ,   
   , ,  
  .      ,
  ,    ,  ,
    ,   , 
  ,   ,  ,
      Intel,    
   ,     
 .


 Windows NT Server 4.0    ,
       
  ,      .
, Windows NT Server 4.0        
 UNIX,     BSD  Linux. , 
        15-
   .     ,   
,     ,   , 
   ,   .   ,
 ,  ,   -- ,    -- .


        , 
  1979  Chevron Geosciences Company,    150 
  ,    .   ,
         ,   
  ,    UNIX.     , 
   ,   
     ,      
  .























   















       ,  
      .
  , Microsoft Windows NT Server   UNIX, 
        
   .      
, ,  ,  .
   ,     .  , ,
  ,     ,    
,       
     . ,   
,    :  , 
  ,    ,  
IT ,     ,  Microsoft
Windows NT,    UNIX,   .


    .
     .   e-mail.
    e-mail   
.


 




    

     ,    
 ,      .  Windows NT Server
4.0      UNIX  (NT 4.0 Server 
 5  - $809; 10- - $1129; Windows NT Server,
Enterprise Edition 4.0 25- - $3,999; Enterprise Edition 4.0
50- - $4,799; NT Server 4.0 Documentation Kit - $69.95; :
Microsoft),
         (trade
show). ,   , , 
     ,   telnet ,
SMTP  (e-mail),  , news ,    
DNS  (  NT    
  DNS).   BSDI,
       BSD ,  
Microsoft         
 NT  $4,000. Maggie Biggs,   InfoWorld, 
     ,    
        ,
 NT 4.0   Linux' Red Hat' (  
$49.95),       Windows NT 4.0
 $4,636.   ,   
       
  ,      .


NT     ,    
     ,   
 UNIX.  , ,   .   
,       
,   ,     , 
 - ,  .. Tippett Studio, , 
   Starship Trooper,  Oscar   
,  130 SGI ( Silicon
Graphics, Inc.)   IRIX,
  UNIX SGI.   Tippett studio 
,    SGI  IRIX  NT:

"'SGI   ,   ,'  Jeff Stringer,
'  NT  ,      
,   .'"


" --      .   
 , Tippett -- ,  ,  
 "Starship Troopers" --  f/x boutique'."


-- Greg Lindsay, Oscar
Tech, The Netly News,  27, 1998.

      , Linux
 FreeBSD  
  .    ,  
    ,    ,  
UNIX .     ,    Linux  
 .    .   ,
     Andreessen
Sees Mozilla-Linux Upset of Windows  ,  Linux
     . ( , Mozilla 
  Netscape/Communicator  Marc Andreessen   
  - Netscape.)  ,  
    -  ,  
    .    
 --     . Hewlett-Packard 
Linux   HP-UX UNIX      
 PA-RISC. Schlumberger     
,  Linux.  ,   SunWorld
On-Line         , Linux
lines up for the enterprise.       
   ,   (ISP)   Linux 
FreeBSD. NetBSD   : DEC Alpha, Motorola 68k (Amiga,
Atari, Mac, MVME, Sharp, Sun3), PowerPC, Intel, DEC VAX, Acorn RISC, MIPS
(Sony NEWS, DECstation),  ..    OpenBSD  
 . Linux       
 : Sun, Intel, DEC Alpha, PowerPC, PowerMac,  ..
, Linux, ,      .  
, . Linux Resources
 Red Hat Software.


Nicholas Petreley,   NC World   InfoWorld
 NT World Japan    Linux  FreeBSD  IT :

"       Unix 
Linux  FreeBSD.     IT ,     
   Microsoft   Windows NT.  , Linux, BSD, Solaris,
   Unix      
,  ,  .


",  ,     NT ? 
IS      Unix , 
  NT .    ? Linux  FreeBSD ,
  SAMBA,   NT .   IS  
.       Unix,   ,  
       .


"  ,      
Windows NT. Linux, FreeBSD,  BSDI Unix  Windows NT  
   "",      
 ,    ,  NT   "".   ,
 Unix  Intel     NT    
   .


-- Nicholas Petreley, The
new Unix alters NT's orbit: The re-emergence of Unix threatens to modify
the future direction of NT, NC
World, April 1998.




 

        Windows NT Server  UNIX?
NT       .  
 UNIX. NT        
 .    UNIX. -,    
       . 
, UNIX    ,   NT,   .


NT    "" ,   
. NT     ,
     NT ,       
   .  NT     
  NT  (   
    ).  NT 
       , ..
 /.     UNIX , 
     (   ), 
      .     
,   X-       UNIX.


 , e-mail    ,  
    / e-mail . 
Windows NT,         e-mail
.  UNIX     Sendmail.
     ( MTA, Mail Transport
Agents,   )   UNIX,   
 ,   .  
UNIX ,  exim  qmail
,          sendmail. , 
exim  qmail,    sendmail,    
.  NT-   Microsoft
Exchange Server   MTA.     
    . Microsoft Exchange Server
Enterprise Edition -   25   $3,549.00. 
    25 ,       50 
 $4,859.00 (: Microsoft)
   ,   Mail  (MTA), 
        
 .


 Microsoft   NT     
,   ,  UNIX  Novell,   ,
 NT        
  :    .  /
   ,       
        
   : ,    
 ;         
   .  NT   
 ,        ,  
    ,  NTFS.  MIS
      (-   
), - ,       
NTFS.   ,    
NTFS     DOS,       
. Rune Knapstad ,   DOS , 
NTFSDOS,  
 NTFS .  ,     ,
  Microsoft.   ,  NT    
    ! UNIX  Novell,
,     , - ,
. Microsoft ,     NT Server 5.0 
 "new storage management features such as disk quotas . . .(
  ,    ...)" (.
-, Windows
NT 5.0 Beta Delivered to Over 200,000 Developers).


, ,  UNIX     (, 
 Bourne Shell, Korn Shell, C Shell,   Perl)   
"cron"         
( n ,  n ,   ,   ,  ..). Cron
       .
 ,    + cron =  
  ,     Microsoft NT
Server 4.0.    UNIX   
       ,   
      .    ,
NT  "Scheduler"   "at",   Perl   NT. , 
, ,   ,      
 cmd.exe,   "Scheduler"  "at"   
    UNIX,    .  
   ,  //  
  .  ,    NT, 
 GUI,      .  
,   ,    
 --     ,  
 .   
 ,    ,   Perl  NT   
 NT,    Perl.   
   ,   ,    
 NT;   ,  NT,      - 
  !


 ,    NT,       
 .   UNIX,   UNIX ,    
   ,        .  NT, 
,    e-mail   . 
  ,  Microsoft Exchange Server. 
 NT      -     
 ? -       
()  .


       
    :

"  Unix (Linux, )  
 .  ,    Linux  
      . , 
 Linux     SCSI .  
    SCSI ,     
   SCSI-,    
 .   SCSI   .  
      ,   -
     HPFS, FAT, VFAT,   (  NTFS
  ).


",  Unix      
   , ..     
 .


"Windows NT    .   
  Windows NT     
 .  IP  - (default gateway)  
.       ,  
 PPP ,     . 
       Unix.


-- Nicholas Petreley, The
new Unix alters NT's orbit: The re-emergence of Unix threatens to modify
the future direction of NT, NC
World, April 1998.

        ,
  Microsoft NT Server 4.0 Enterprise Edition   
     UNIX.       
 ,  64-   
   Unix (  NT - 32- ). D.H. Brown
Associates Inc.     ( ,
      Web   Digital Equipment Corporation,
 AIX
4.3 Leaps To 64-Bits In Dead Heat With Digital UNIX 4.0):

AIX 4.3     Internet/intranet 
   TCP/IP,      
  Notes . Digital UNIX     
  ,     Web-,
   Web-,  Navigator Gold,    
TCP/IP. , Digital UNIX     NFS  
CacheFS  AutoFS. IRIX 6.4  ,  CacheFS  AutoFS,  
   ,   Digital.  IRIX   network
time facilities (NTP)   TCP/IP   IPv6  IPSec. 
- Sun,    NFS      TCP/IP .
, Sun    Web ,    Netscape, Microsoft
 Apache,          
  Novell NDS. HP    Internet
  HP-UX,     Internet  
 ,        NFS.
HP-UX,   AIX,     NDS. Microsoft NT 4.0 ,
  Internet/intranet,     
 "". NT    UNIX -  
 ,  , NFS,    TCP/IP
. Microsoft      Web 
   Java Virtual Machine.










HP-UX 11.0





Solaris 2.6





AIX 4.3





Irix 6.4





Digital Unix 4.0d





NTS 4.0/EE

























IPSec



































IPv6



































RSVP



































IP Multiplexing



































IP Multicast



































 

















Telnet in kernel



































Kernel Sockets



































TCP Large Windows



































Zero Copy TCP/Hardware
Checksum



































Path MTU Discovery



































OpenShortestPathFirst
(OSPF)



































RTP: Real Time Protocol



































RTCP: Real Time
Control Protocol



































Parallelized TCP/IP














































  INTERNET/INTRANET









  









 






Copyright Digital Equipment Corporation 1995-1998. All Rights Reserved.







  ,   ,   . 
       (. 
),      ,   
  .       ,
 ,     ,    
,  ,     
,  ,   ?   ,
    ,     ,
   ,      -,
     Windows NT.


   ,  Windows NT Server "" ,  
.    ,         
Corporate
IT needs an engine that never quits (Peter Coffee, PC Week 3-30-98)
 We
do not have a failure to communicate (Peter Coffee, PC Week 04-13-98).
      , "    ,
  ?",     " ,  
 ,    e-mail."     , :

" ,        ,
 Windows NT   .   :  
 ,  NT 5.0  " ",  ""
 ,      
 .


"  ,     Linux  486  Windows
NT  200MHz Pentium,     Linux      ,
 Windows NT 4.0   .


"  ,     
Linux    ,   ,   
      
  . ,     , Linux
   --  .


-- Peter Coffee, We
do not have a failure to communicate, PC
Week, 3-30-98.

, Windows NT       Windows 3.1
 Windows 95,    ,     
,      UNIX.


  Windows NT     
     ,   IT :

"'         
Unix . . .  NT,  ,  NT   ,' 
Peter Flynn,   . , .   IT ,
NT   .      
    /.


"        '- 
''  Flynn. ' --Microsoft  
--IBM,    [  ]
 NT  Unix       ,' 
.


-- Mark Gibbs, Lookin'
into Linux, Network World, March
30, 1998.

   ,    Windows NT,
     "Blue Screen of Death" (" 
"),        ,
       . 
    ,      .
 " "    .   , 
   :

    .  , Tim Newsham, 
  Windows  UNIX ,      :

   BSOD ()    , 
.  ,   ()    .
     NT,   ,
  .  ,      
,   -  ,   .   
    NT     
 (  ,   ,  
,         ).
      -  
      (LSA)  tcp/ip .

"Blue Screen of Death"       
       -   
  .  , NT     
Intel' . Microsoft      ,
   Master Boot Record  .   ,  NT
Server    ,  10   
MS-DOS. ,    NT Server  , 
  (mission critical environment)    .  
  MBR       Windows NT
4.0 (  Windows 95!),    .


     NT  Quinn P. Coldiron, 
     ,

-,  Cats [    ]
 NT     .   ,    
  .       Microsoft  Cats,  
   . Microsoft   Service Pack'
  HotFix',  ,       
      " ".   
  $1500.00     Microsoft,  
  ,    ,  ,  The Cat's
Pajamas.      ,   ,     
     ,    
  Novell    . . . .   ,
  Linux    .

UNIX'  " "  "kernel panic."  
,       ,      
    .   ,  UNIX  
-  ,     .  
UNIX   ,    -   
 .  ,  ,   UNIX 
   - ,      
,       
,    /  (
  !)  .  , UNIX  
   :

       ,   
 UNIX    . NT, ,   
   .      "Blue
Screen of Death," NT       
--    ,
   NT.   
 NT,    ,  10,000 NT  
  ,  
.









 

   Windows NT,    , ..  GUI (--
  ) . , 
 , GUI  CLI (  , .. 
   ) .  ,  Windows NT 
  UNIX -  GUI.  .  UNIX  
GUI (.  ).

"NT    -  
   ,     
   Windows GUI,   NT. , 
     , 
,     
NT   ,    - ,  
 .   UNIX 
    ,    
 ,  telnet,   ,
 GUI     X Window,     
Java    . NT  
     . ,   NT
      , 
  Microsoft   -  
NT     Windows ,    
    Microsoft   . 
, ,      
UNIX ."

--  : An
In-Depth Analysis of Five Commercial UNIX Operating Systems and Windows
NT Server 4.0 (Enterprise Edition) by D.H. Brown Associates, Inc.











        
,    .    
 UNIX   high-end    ,   
  IBM
SP2  Sun
Enterprise 10000  ,   Compaq  Dell. 
UNIX    high-end . ,  UNIX 
NT   ,     ,
     Microsoft.   , Microsoft
,   ,   . NT  MIPS
    -  ,   PowerPC
 . NT,     x86  Alpha ,
 "  ",      IT.


  NT     .
 ,    UNIX  
  ,   ,
   ,      
,     NT,     . Mary Hubley,
   GartnerGroup,
   NT
and UNIX: Irresistible Force vs. Immovable Object ( 1998)
      NT, 
    :

" ,  NT    , 
    ,    ,   ,
  ,    UNIX.  
  -- -     Microsoft,   
.

European MikroGraf Corporation 
     UNIX
vs NT   :

"   ,    
 ,     : Unix  Windows NT.
Windows NT           ,
    ,      .

   MikroGraf 
UNIX  NT,       
    , Digital Model 2100:    Digital UNIX
  ,     Windows NT,    .


 ,    NT 
 Linux  FreeBSD,         . 
,      
  benchmark',  ,   ,   
 Linux  FreeBSD  NT.    IT  ,
 Linux  FreeBSD   NT. ,    UNIX'
   ,     ,
  ,  Linux  FreeBSD   
 NT. ,  ,     ,
   ,   NT. UNIX  
    . NT .  ,
        .
       , ,   ,
     Microsoft.


Benchmark',     UNIX,   "", 
. Net Express,
 x86    Internet,   "
 ,    ",  
      :






Byte UNIX Benchmark 3.2 for OS Comparison:

      Byte UNIX Benchmark
3.2       UNIX/UNIX-
.      Pentium 133MHz  32MB , Triton-II 430HX
  BusLogic SCSI :








Bytemarks





Linux  Pentium 133MHz

12.2





BSD  Pentium 133MHz

9.8





Solaris 2.5  Pentium 133MHz

6.2





Solaris  Sun Sparc-II Ultra 167MHz Syste

13.7





Solaris 2.5  Orion Pentium Pro 200MHz

13.5




   ,  Linux   .
  Linux  Pentium 133     Solaris 2.5  167MHz
Sparc Ultra   200MHz Pentium Pro!!!

Copyright  1996 Net Express All Rights Reserved.







,    ,
   UNIX   Web  Apache,  Sean' Fulton'
     INTERNETWEEK  5 , 1997, Towers
of Power -- We test five muscular Web servers aimed at high-end intranet
applications.  NT,    :

"  Telenet System Solutions  
    , , BSDi,   ,
  ,      2-  
 Windows NT.


"     BSDi 3.0  HTTP  Apache.  2-
   Windows NT 4.0  Microsoft Internet Information Server
2.0.

    Web , Ariel Faigon ,
 SGI ,   IRIX     
 :

"  1998,  SPECWeb   7214 http 
     8-CPU  Silicon Graphics Origin 2000,
  IRIX 6.5  Netscape Web .


   s, . -
SGI.


" ,   NT -- 1878 /  4-CPU Hewlett-Packard
NetServer LXr Pro 6/200  Microsoft IIS.

-,          
    Linux  NT,  Richard Betel
    ,      :

    2   distributed.net  
 RC5...      ,    
  .      : 
Dual-Pentium II  300MHz, 128MB .    NT,  
exchange  (   ,  ,  
 ),    Linux (   -  . 
 Samba ,        ). Linux-
   1.8   NT.











     ,     
. ,   . Jim Mohr  
     
 Linux--NT  .
        
  :

  :


11 , 1998  Discovery Channel
       
"Discovery Signature Series."     ,
   9    ,  "
       
 ."   ,    
   Sun Microsystems,
    ,        .
  ,       ,
      "X",  X-Window , 
   UNIX. -   ,  laptop  
DOS .      Intel   
  .      .
   ,     
 -MS-Windows .













  

NT    


  ,     , 
    .   
   --    
   ,  4 --    .
,             ,
          250,
      .  ,  
NT     250 .   :
 PDC (Windows NT Primary Domain Controller)   BDC (Backup Domain
Controllers).      PDC   .
  RDBMS, E-mail, Web,     , 
  NT   .


   Windows NT     
  .


 ,      .
      ,   ,
NT  Novell.  ,     
 ,  Novell   NT    
 .  UNIX,    Microsoft- 
   ,      ,
     UNIX .    ,   NT
.     UNIX  Sun', Solaris.  Linux,  
 ,  Samba,     .
Samba      UNIX.    
VMS, MVS, OS/2, Stratus-VOS, Amiga, Novell,  MPE/iX.


UNIX  , ,  
   .


! CDE (Common Desktop Environment)  GUI  (
 :       , 
    "";    Microsoft).
CDE      UNIX:  
-- Sun Solaris, IBM AIX
Hewlett Packard HP-UX,
DEC Digital UNIX. 
 $90   CDE  Linux,   ,    
 GUI ,   Linux: OpenLook, GUI, 
 Solaris; FVWM,  GUI,    Windows 3.1 GUI; 
FVWM-95,   GUI,  GUI Windows 95 ( 
  ,     FVWM-95  Windows 95). TWM
   FVWM  ,   
 Linux.         ,  
 UNIX,   SCREENSHOT'
  : CDE,
TED (CDE  Linux  TriTeal), KDE,
FVWM
1.24, FVWM
2.x, FVWM-95,
olvwm(
  OpenLook).    GUI  
 UNIX.  Matt Chapman Guide
to Window Managers for The X Window System   . 
  screenshot'   .  ,   
   ;  ,  screenshot'
        -. 
 Matt   , "    ,    
 -,   .    , 
    (?)  ?"   ,
   Microsoft,     
  .


     UNIX,      
, ,    .  
,  , UNIX  NT.    
 UNIX      
.


 ,  -   NT,   -
  UNIX   NT.   .


    MIS  -  ,
   UNIX  Novell   ,     
Novell   NT,  ,       
  UNIX . ,       
 UNIX .      ,  ,  Oracle 
   UNIX .  IT , ,  
e-mail,   , "    ORACLE
 NT.      ,  
   UNIX (Pyramid)."







  MIS 

Robert Schindler,   ,   
      Fortune 100
   , :

"      NT    MS.
 ,  Gates     ,      ,
    .       
,    ,     .

 ,   , -  
, :

"     .     
 .         
Cabletron.    NT   Unix. ,    
 ,  NT,       ,   Unix. 
     ,      NT
   Solaris. ? NT   .

Tim Newsham      :

"    NT   UNIX.   NT.  
  ,     .  
NT  ,        
  Microsoft.    ,     
 unix  NT.   ,       -NT
,       NT   .

Joseph Day,   Chicago,  Jesse Berst:

"     NT,    95.    
  ,     . . . . 
,    Linux-  ,
  ,    Microsoft. . . . NT  
 ,     ,    Linux.

--    Joseph Day , How
did Microsoft pay you to write this article?, : Jesse
Berst's Anchor Desk. February 16, 1998, ZDNet.

Torsten Holvak,    Laramie, WY,  Jesse
Berst:

"Jesse:  ,  Microsoft,  IBM  60-,  ,
  ,   ,   , ,  
   .     !    
   e-mail  Web   NT,   UNIX.  
FreeBSD  ,     .  UNIX 
  ,    NT,     .
       Microsoft 
   /   .    ,
     .   ,   
    .  .    ,  
 Microsoft FUD [FUD (fuhd) .
. . "Fear, Uncertainty, and Doubt," (, ,
 ) ,    ,  
      ] -- 
.

--    Torsten Holvak , I'd
fire someone for using NT, : Jesse
Berst's Anchor Desk. February 16, 1998, ZDNet.

Quinn P. Coldiron,     
 ,       Novell, Windows NT,  Linux:

"   ,   
   Cats [    ]
       Netware . Linux 
     45 ,     
 .        
 ,   Linux      32    IDE
 ,     Netware   64    SCSI .
       .   
 ,        
.


"     200 Pentium    
64 ,     Windows NT / , 
       ,    .
 Microsoft  $1,500.   ,   RedHat
Linux   ,  Novell Netware 3.11 ,  Windows NT 4.0
,      .   
  Samba     NT  
  1997 RedHat 5.0,       
   Windows 95, Windows NT  Macintosh .

--  : Replacing
Windows NT Server with Linux

29 , 1997 Nick Johnson   Byte
Forum:

" ,     
 ,    128  ,  200- 
 8         web
,          
TCP . NT     ,   
 .    ,   ,   386 
16    FreeBSD,      Microsoft.

Mike Hucka,  UNIX    Michigan, :

"  ,      
  NT,   ,   UNIX  
, ,      ?
?    ?


"       UNIX?"


"  ,  UNIX   ?   
,       CDE  Sun,  KDE,  ,
     PC  Mac.    
  UNIX --     O'Reilly
& Associates,        Sun
http://docs.sun.com,  
 ,       UNIX.


" ,     UNIX,   
    Solaris,     
 PC,    .


"   ,   ."


" ,    ,    
NT?"






Web 

Web     Internet.    , 
 .    ,   ,
 ,      .  
     UNIX,     
Web   Apache  Netscape-Enterprise. ,  Apache
   UNIX.  ,     Internet.
  Web   Internet   Apache
(. the Netcraft Web Server
Survey). Microsoft IIS Web      
   Internet . Apache    Javasoft,
The FBI, Financial
Times, The Movies Database, W3
Consortium, The Royal Family,
Oxford University Libraries Automation
Service, M.I.T., Harvard
University,  University of Texas
at Austin. Netcraft  ,  "  
 web  Rapidsite
     .  ,   
  Apache,  44,280   39,905  ip
.       ."
       ,  Unix-Apache
marriage put the NT-IIS one to shame. Apache   ,
  .


    Web ,     Netscape-Enterprise.
     Apache,    .
Netscape-Enterprise   ,  BMW,
Dilbert, Silicon
Graphics, Shell, Sun
Microsystems, Sybase, Ferrari
 The Vatican.


Microsoft IIS     ,     Windows
NT.        , 
   Web .      ,
  ,      . 
  Compaq, Nasdaq,
The National Football League, Exxon,
 Tesco.   , 
Microsoft       PC , .. 
 Intel ,  , 
   Microsoft   IIS.  , !
www.intel.com  Netscape
FastTrack Server.


  Windows 95  NT,  
  Web,      -   
www.windows95.com. -
 ,      
Web .          Windows
95  NT,      Microsoft,  ,
   NT   IIS. ,  
     Web :

     
 Windows95.com?

  Pentium Pro ,   
 BSDI UNIX  Web  Apache.     Internet
 multi-homed T3 .



:      1998.     
Windows95.com  WinFiles.com,       windows95.com.
     1998.




Mail  (MTA)




  MIS :

Billy Bob Thornton :

Exchange    "",   
Microsoft      (   ). 
 ,   Sun Ultra 1 ( $7K)  Solaris
Internet Mail Server (    Solaris 2.6),   
 POP  IMAP . ,     ,
,   ,   NT   Exchange,  
  .

Brad Van Orden, / , :

. . .    ,     ,
Exchange     .  -, 
   .    Unix ,
   sendmail.cf  ,   , 
       alias'.  
   .

Tom Moore  Dayton, Ohio :

 ,   
 "".     Web ,  ,
  Apache      Internet , 
"  "   ,      GUI
 ,      
.  ,   GUI ,    
,     .


  "", ,   sendmail  MS Exchange.  
sendmail    ,    .
Exchange  GUI,     .   ,
    .      . 
     .   
 ,    SPAM, Exchange   .

     MS Exchange  MTA:

" Exchange,    MTA,   
  . Exchange      MTA;
     ."

MS Exchange   ,    MTA, ,
  ,        
 .  :  Unix,  Sendmail;  Windows
NT Server 4.0, ; ,     Microsoft, 
   Exchange Server.


Microsoft Exchange Server     
 .    IMAP4 ,  
  :








Lotus Domino 4.6a

Microsoft Exchange Server 5.0

Enterprise Editio		

Netscape
Suitespot Server 3.5





 :

AIX, HP-UX, Netware, OS/2, OS/400, Solaris, S/390, Windows NT, Windows
95

Windows NT Server

AIX, Digital UNIX, HP-UX, IRIX, Solaris, Windows N





     50 

$4,240

$4,859

$4,100




        .






  ,      
,  UNIX   ,   ,  
      , 
 .   Washington Post, Elizabeth
Corcoran,     :

Cincinnati Bell Information Systems, ,  
     Sun   . ,
     ,    Sun
  . ,  James Holtman, - CBIS
, ,   Sun   IBM.  Microsoft " 
 .  ,      ,"
 .

(The Washington Post, Sunday, February 8, 1998; Page H01)

  ,   - ,   
,      Microsoft
Exchange  Internet Information Server(),     
  Microsoft " "  "  ", 
  NT. AberdeenGroup
  
   Windows NT.


NT     ,   ,
        /
. ,      
    ; "NT  ''
     . 
,       /
      
 UNIX  "",     Windows NT.  , 
 Intel  Windows NT,    ." ( 
 Sun,   )


     ,   -
,     ,  
         , Linux
 FreeBSD       
   NT,     Intel,    
$0.00, ,  Bill Gates   .   
 ,          
NT?  UNIX/Linux      ,
  NT  (  UNIX    
/,       "
NT").    $5,000  MS Exchange Server (  
  50 ),    ,   
 e-mail   ,   
    "Sendmail",    Linux,
 ,       ?


      
  ,   UNIX   . 
    (  ), 
,      , 
  ,  , 
,   () ,  
 (POSIX),    
(   NT),      ,  10  
 DOS .    ,    
     Windows NT    UNIX,  , :

 UNIX    :   "",
CLI  GUI,   GNU,   . 
, ..    ,    .


Windows NT    :  Intel
 Alpha;  CLI,  GUI (  NT   
CLI)    GUI (    ,  
 X);   MTA,  Microsoft (    
,  " NT Server" ?),  .. NT Server ,
..        .    
.

 Microsoft   "  " 
,     ,   ,
        .
 Netscape   ,    Microsoft  
      :

[]        
Microsoft, -       
  .     Microsoft, ActiveX,
   , ,     
  32- Windows.  Microsoft API   
 32- Windows. , ,  ADSI (Microsoft
API       LDAP),    
 Win16 ,     Macintosh  Unix .
Netscape LDAP API   17   C     
 Java. ,   Microsoft    
"Viper"    "Falcon"     NT 5.0 -
,  Oracle,   Unix,  .  :
 Microsoft,      Windows,  Netscape,
    Internet.

-- Netscape, Netscape
ONE Advantages

,  ,       ,
    ,    -
 /   
,     NT.    
,          . 
    ,     .
        ,
 ,    ,    ,
        
,    :

" IT   -,  
,  ,   Web  ,     
,     Linux.    
   NT,     , 
    Linux, -  .

-- Linus
Torvalds talks economics and operating systems, InfoWorld, April 9,
1998.

     Cisco
Systems Inc. ,       
 NT,     Linux ( ).
,       .
        -  ?
    .


  ,     , 
     .   
,  ,    .   .
    ,    , 
   ,        
 .  ,    ,
  Microsoft  UNIX .  
   ,   , 
  ,  ,  + 
     ,   
.




Linux  NT Server 4.0   

  NT        ,
Linux     UNIX   , -  
  Intel.


:     /,  
   ,  . Perl 5.0,
,    ,  Microsoft    
.  ,   Linux  
   GUI ( ),     
 ,     ,    Linux, 
   UNIX   .






Component

Linux

Windows NT Server 4.0





 

,   $49.95    CD-ROM

  5  $809

  10- $1129

 Enterprise Edition  25- $3,999		





   -

, Linux Online
 Redhat







  









Web Server

Apache Web Server

IIS





FTP Server









Telnet Server









SMTP/POP3 Server









DNS



,  ,      





 

TCP/IP, IPv6, NFS, SMB, IPX/SPX, NCP Server (NetWare Server), AppleTalk,
   

TCP/IP, SMB, IPX/SPX, AppleTalk,    





X Window Server

(   GUI )		









  

  

 "User Manager for Domains"

 "Server Manager"		





News Server









C  C++ 









Perl 5.0









Revision Control

, RCS







   

32

3





  









  GUI ( )

4

1









   ?

Amazon.com


Amazon.com Books,      , 
DIGITAL UNIX AlphaServer 2000     Internet-
 .  DIGITAL VLM64  
    . "  Web  
DIGITAL AlphaServer,     , 
     ."


Boeing


 : HP-UX, IRIX, Solaris,  ,  
  ,  NT.

Read what Linus Torvalds has to say about Boeing!

Web : Netscape-Enterprise 2.01


The Dallas Cowboys


 : IRIX
(Silicon Graphics UNIX Operating System)  UNIX System V Release 4.0

MTA: Netscape Messaging Server 3.01

Web: Netscape-Enterprise 3.0


Dow Corning


"       .
 Sun,   ,    ,    
    . ,     Sun, 
      ,      .
Sun ,  ."

-- Mark Smith, Manager of Information Technology Systems, Dow Corning


Hotmail,
  The Microsoft
Corporation


  web- e-mail    
Sun Solaris  FreeBSD. Apache 1.2.1   Web .  
Microsoft    1997,     NT,  ". .
.   10     
NT,  Solaris  ."   : Solaris
calls Hotmail shots for Microsoft.


United States Postal Service


"      900  
Linux      1997    
   .     5  Pentium Pro
200MHz (PP200)    PP200,    Linux."

-- John Taves, Linux
is reading your mail, April 8, 1998


Yahoo!


". . .        FreeBSD   
Web .        ,
   .      . 
   ,  , ,
    ,    .      
FreeBSD,       ,  
     ."

-- David Filo, Co-founder of Yahoo! (FreeBSD News, Issue 1)


  businesses
using Linux in their day-to-day operations   
   Linux,   
  UNIX.   ,  Cisco
Systems Inc., Sony
WorldWide Networks, Mercedes-Benz,
 Yellow Cab
Service Corporation.    ,  
,     Linux.


InfoWorld      Cisco
Systems Inc.  Linux  Windows NT:

"   , Cisco Systems    
   -. ,  
,   Linux   ,   
    .  ,     
  Cisco  Microsoft,    ,
       Windows NT-
.   -- ,  - ,     ,
    --    --
  Linux.

-- Robert X. Cringley, "No Sunday in the Park: Rain Pushes platforms
closer to the precipice," in: InfoWorld,
February 23, 1998, vol. 20, issue 8, p. 115.

Linus Torvalds,  Linux,   
 InfoWorld,  Linux,       
 "  ":

"      ,   ,
   Linux. NASA
    Linux,   .  ,  Linux
     Boeing,
      Web ,     .

-- Linus
Torvalds talks economics and operating systems, InfoWorld, April 9,
1998.






 

The
Cathedral and the Bazaar

by Eric S. Raymond, 29 January 1998.


Microsoft:
The Joker of Enterprise IS Computing

by The AberdeenGroup,
Executive Viewpoint, Volume 10 / Number 20, September 29, 1997.


Interoperability:
Possibility or Elusive Dream? -- An Executive White Paper

by The AberdeenGroup,
March 1998.


OnSite
- Case Study: Migration Migraines

by The AberdeenGroup,
1997.


Windows
NT no match for Unix, IDC says

by Rob Guth, Computerworld,
7-24-97.


1997
Product of the Year Award: Operating Systems - Network Operating System

by Eric Hammond, InfoWorld
Test Center.


1997
Product of the Year Award: Best Technical Support Award

by Ed Foster, InfoWorld Test
Center.


Linux Reviews
and Articles by Christopher Blizzard.

  65     Linux.


Linux
Grows Up: Red Hat's commercial Linux beats NT at its own game,
by Maggie Briggs.

 --    - InfoWorld.
       , ,
      .


Linux
lines up for the enterprise: Is there a place in your shop for this inexpensive
Unix?

by Rick Cook, in: SunWorld
- January 1998.


Lookin'
into Linux

by Mark Gibbs, Network World, March 30, 1998.


Doing the math
to resolve the NT vs. Unix debate

by Wayne Spivak, Network World, August 18, 1997


The
advantages of using BSDI BSD/OS over Windows NT Server

iServer - Verio Web Hosting Inc. - Virutal Servers


Linux:
Not Just For Geeks And College Kids Anymore, by Jason Perlow, ZDNet,
February 11, 1998.


Leaning
Toward Linux: Powerful, robust, and free, Linux is worth investigating,
especially if you plan to set up an Internet domain by Neil Randall,
ZDNet - PC
Magazine Online, July 1997, Vol 16, No. 13.


Replacing
Windows NT Server with Linux by Quinn P. Coldiron, Information
Systems Department manager for the University of Nebraska Press.


An
In-Depth Analysis of Five Commercial UNIX Operating Systems and Windows
NT Server 4.0 (Enterprise Edition) by D.H. Brown Associates, Inc.


Comparing BSDI
and NT: Building Intranet and Internet Servers with BSDI and Windows NT


The Standish Group
- SUN Also Rises: Solaris Vs. NT


BitWizard B.V. "UNIX
vs. NT"


THE H-REPORT:
Which Operating System For Your 'Intranet'?


Linux Helps Bring
Titanic to Life

Daryll Strauss, LINUX Journal,
Issue #46, February 1998.









My very special thanks to Martin Vermeer, who through his expert advice,
has been, and continues to be, an invaluable contributor to the positive
development of this dynamic project. My deepest appreciation goes to the
translators who have been generous enough to donate their time to this
worthy cause: Hanus Adler for the Czech translation, Kobayashi Osamu for
the Japanese translation, Bruno H. Collovini for the Portuguese translation,
Miguel Angel Sepulveda who arranged for the article to be translated into
Spanish, and Jos M. Laveda, who translated it. My thanks also to Nat Makarevitch
and Cyril Bouthors, who are currently working on a French translation,
and to Michele Dalla Silvestra, who is working on the Italian translation.


I would also like to thank the many readers who have contributed links
to important new articles on this topic, for instance, Peter Chen, Ariel
Faigon, Paul Fischer, Jim Mohr, John Oram, Raj Warty, and countless others.


Equally appreciated is the constructive criticism from Keith H.J. Bevins,
Joris Braakman, Phillip Chu, Baruch Cochavy, Nicholas Donovan, Julian Elischer,
Steve Fuller, Alex Gogan, Jake Hamby, Peter Jeremy, Adam Johnson, Geoffrey
King, Hannu Krosing, Greg Lehey, Kimberly McBride, Richard Smith, and David
Waine, to name just a few.


No less important was the assistance provided by Leif Erlingsson and
Damon Conway back around the end of March when I had to upgrade my connection
and needed their mirroring services, both of whom continue to provide mirrors
to this site. Last but not least, my thanks to Ryan Sumner for his everlasting
moral support on this project.Martin Vermeer, who through his expert advice,
has been, and continues to be, an invaluable contributor to the positive
development of this dynamic project. My deepest appreciation goes to the
translators who have been generous enough to donate their time to this
worthy cause: Hanus Adler for the Czech translation, Kobayashi Osamu for
the Japanese translation, Bruno H. Collovini for the Portuguese translation,
Miguel Angel Sepulveda who arranged for the article to be translated into
Spanish, and Jos M. Laveda, who translated it. My thanks also to Nat Makarevitch
and Cyril Bouthors, who are currently working on a French translation,
and to Michele Dalla Silvestra, who is working on the Italian translation.


I would also like to thank the many readers who have contributed links
to important new articles on this topic, for instance, Peter Chen, Ariel
Faigon, Paul Fischer, Jim Mohr, John Oram, Raj Warty, and countless others.


Equally appreciated is the constructive criticism from Keith H.J. Bevins,
Joris Braakman, Phillip Chu, Baruch Cochavy, Nicholas Donovan, Julian Elischer,
Steve Fuller, Alex Gogan, Jake Hamby, Peter Jeremy, Adam Johnson, Geoffrey
King, Hannu Krosing, Greg Lehey, Kimberly McBride, Richard Smith, and David
Waine, to name just a few.


No less important was the assistance provided by Leif Erlingsson and
Damon Conway back around the end of March when I had to upgrade my connection
and needed their mirroring services, both of whom continue to provide mirrors
to this site. Last but not least, my thanks to Ryan Sumner for his everlasting
moral support on this project.

Last-modified: Fri, 11 Dec 1998 17:29:54 GMT

  :