mailertable: UUCP-A,backdoor backwood.org 16.6.2 , Internet - . , - . , ( , , ). , . - , . , , - . , , . + , , -, ..., - . domaintable host, , : braindead.correct.domain.com braindead.wrong.domain.com - 307 - ! mailertable , . , , . TCP!braindead.correct.domain.com braindead.wrong.domain.com 16.6.3 , UUCP ( Internet), Domain Name Service (DNS) . , , UUCP , UUCP, mailer " " hostname uucpxtable. UUCP sesame.com, uucpxtable: # un-domainize sesame.com to force UUCP delivery sesame sesame.com - sendmail, ( UUCPNODES sendmail.m4) , UUCP. 16.6.4 UUCP . UUCP, mailer relay host. , Seattle , Linux UUCP, . UUCP , ( ) . UUCP host, . - 308 - , domaintable: # prevent mail delivery via UUCP to a neighbor snorkel.com snorkel UUCP FQDN, UUCPNODES sendmail.m4. - RELAY MAILER RELAY HOST ( DEFAULT MAILER). 16.6.5 Sendmail , "/usr/lib/runq ". sendmail , . 16.6.6 ( ) , , , . . + Sendmail , mailstats, /usr/local/lib/mail/sendmail.st , mailer' sendmail.cf. sendmail. , sendmail.st . , : # cp /dev/null /usr/lib/local/mail/sendmail.st + , , , , , syslogd (8). , /etc/syslogd daemon ( ), /etc/syslog.conf (5) : mail.debug /var/log/syslog.mail - 309 - mail.debug , syslog . syslogd crond (8). , syslogd. - syslog-stat.pl, perl, sendmail + IDA. 16.7 " . " , , (USENET , , TCP/IP) (lmail, deliver, ..), (rmail), (sendmail smail). , , . - , . + NET-2 TCP/IP , , umail sendmail. + elm mailx, /usr/bin/smail sendmail. + Sendmail + IDA mailer deliver, , /bin, Linux /usr/bin. 16.8 , sendmail. . Linux MAIL Howto comp.answers. FTP rtfm.mit.edu. , sendmail + IDA. - 310 - ida/cf DBM-GUIDE, OPTIONS, Sendmail.mc. 17. Netnews 17.1 Usenet 1979 Tom Truscott Jim Ellis UUCP Unix. . , ( C), . "" , . "" , . , ark Horton Matt Glickman, "B" (a.k.a. Bnews). Bnews - 2.1 1982. , . - Bnews 2.11. . 1987 Geoff Collyer Henry Spencer; - " "C", C. - C, Linux. " " C " " UUCP, . TCP/IP, DECNet . , 1986 " '', NNTP. , , . nntp- , . - nntpd Brian Barber Phil Lapsley, NNTP - INN, Internet. , . 17.2 Usenet, ? - 311 - Usenet - , , . , - Usenet , . , , . , Usenet , Usenet . Usenet - . . , Internet, RFC 822, , , , . (1) newsgroups. newsgroup . newsgroups , , . , newsgroup, comp.os.linux.announce Linux. 17.3 Usenet ? , Usenet . , netnews - . (2) . , Unix Usenet . transports. UUCP, Internet. : . , . , Usenet ID ( Message-ID:), " ''. , ID , . - 312 - , . UUCP, , . , . , Internet TCP/IP , , NNTP. Usenet . 18. "C" Netnews - C. , UUCP. C, . C (C News) /usr/lib/news, binaries /usr/lib/news/bin. /var/spool/news. , . , C. , , su , - . - setnewsids, , id . root setuid . C News , , , . 18.1 C News . , newsreader inews, . , , rnews, /var/spool/newsin.coming, newsrun. , , relaynews. - 313 - , relaynews , , id . . , relaynews Newsgroups: , , . , , relaynews . , . Id . , relaynews . relaynews , , , , junk. relaynews . , , /var/spool/news/in.coming/bad, . 18.2 C News 'tar' , , , . /usr/lib/news. . ( ), , . - moria, : ME:all/all:: moria/moria.orcnet.org:all/all,!local:f: organization . , " ". , " '', - , , . , . newsgroups ... - 314 - mailname , vbrew.com. whoami . UUCP, vbrew. explist , newsgroups. . newsgroups, active newsgroups , , /usr/lib/news. to.* active , to.mysite to.feedsite, junk control. To.* ihave/sendme , , ihave/sendme . , active, : # cp active active.old # sed 's/ [0-9]* [0-9]* / 0000000000 00001 /' active.old > active # rm active.old - sed (1), Unix. 000001, . , , : # cd /var/spool # mkdir news news/in.coming news/out.going # chown -R news.news news # chmod -R 755 news C News, out.master . newsreaders C News, , /usr/spool/news /var/spool/news. newsreader , , /usr/spool/news /var/spool/news. , . , - 315 - , C News , , . C News , . , - usenet. , . , NEWSMASTER . 18.3 sys /usr/lib/news, . , addfeed delfeed, , . sys , , . site[/exclusions]:grouplist[/distlist][:flags[:cmds]] , (\). (*) . site . UUCP . sys, . ME . C News Path: , , . , news.site.domain. , . , moria, , moria/moria.orcnet.org. Grouplist - . , ( comp.os , - 316 - ), all ( comp.os.all). , . newsgroup , , . , grouplist !comp,comp.os.linux,comp.folklore.computers comp comp.folklore.computers comp.os.linux . , , grouplist. Distlist - grouplist , , . , , . all. distlist . , all,!Local, . : world, , local. , , , , .. , , C News; - sendme ihave, sendme/ihave . feed. , : F . f F , C News . I C News , ihave/sendme. sys batchparms - 317 - , ihave/sendme. n active NNTP nntpxmit (. 19.). id . L , C News , . n, C News , n . C News Path:. u C News unmoderated. m C News . F, f, I, n. cmds , , . . ; . uux - -r -z system!rnews rnews , . , - /bin:/usr/bin:/usr/lib/news/bin/batch. , via; . , F f, I n , C News , . (/), /var/spool/news/out.going. , system/togo. C News, sys. , vbrew.com , , . - 318 - # We take whatever they give us. ME:all/all:: # We send everything we receive to moria, except for local and # brewery-related articles. We use batching. moria/moria.orcnet.org:all,!to,to.moria/all,!local,!brewery:f: # We mail comp.risks to jack@ponderosa.uucp ponderosa:comp.risks/all::rmail jack@ponderosa.uucp # swim gets a minor feed swim/swim.twobirds.com:comp.os.linux,rec.humor.oracle/all,!local:f: # Log mail map articles for later processing usenet- maps:comp.mail.maps/all:F:/var/spool/uumaps/work/batch 18.4 active active /usr/lib/news , , . , . : newsgroup high low perm Newsgroup, , . Low high - , . , low = high + 1. Perm - , . : y . n . , . x . , - 319 - ( ) , . , , , . m . , newsreader , . /usr/lib/news. =real-group newsgroup , real-. , newsgroup . C News, . , addgroup delgroup (. 18.10). Usenet, , newgroup rmgroup , . ! , newsgroup, news.announce.newusers. , active - active.times. , , C News , , , c , . - newsreaders, . NEWGROUPS NNTP. 18.5 Newsbatches , Bnews, C News, INN. : #! rnews count count - . , , c , . - , - 320 - #! cunbatch , , , , , , c7-encoding; c7unbatch. rnews , . , gzip, zunbatch . C News ; , . C News, /usr/lib/news/bin/batch/sendbatches, site/togo , newsbatches. , . batchparms /usr/lib/news. , , , , . , , . , # su news -c "/usr/lib/news/bin/batch/sendbatches site" , sendbatches . " " batchparms. , /var/spool/news/out.going , , batchparms. , sendbatches, out.going, , (@) . C News, batchparms , , . - 321 - , . , : site size max batcher muncher transport : site - , . Togo out.going/togo. /default/ . size - ( ). , C News . max - , . C News , queulen /usr/lib/news/bin. newspak Vince Skahan' bnu- UUCP. spool , , Taylor UUCP, . batcher , togo . - batcher. . , ihave/sendme , ihave sendme, newsgroup to.site. batchih batchsm. muncher , . , - compcun, , . , muncher, gzip, gzipcun ( : ). , , , gzip. , nocomp, . , transport, , . transports, via. Sendbatches . batchparms /default/, site, , - 322 - . /default/, out.going. , uux, rnews ; viauux viauuxz. -z ( ) uux, . , viamail, rnews . out.going/site /usr/lib/news/bin/batch. - , , . . , . muncher, . . # batchparms file for the brewery # site | size |max |batcher |muncher |transport #-------------+--------+-------+---------+-----------+----------- /default/ 100000 22 batcher compcun viauux swim 10000 10 batcher nocomp viauux 18.6 Bnews, expire, newsgroups , . , , ; , , comp.sources.unix. . Explist . explist : grouplist perm times archive Grouplist - newsgroups, . , . , , comp.os, comp.os - 323 - comp.os.all grouplist. , explist . . , comp , comp.os.linux.announce, , , - , comp, . perm , , . m, u, x, , , . , times, . - , , Expires . , - , . times , , . , . , , . . - , . - , , Expires . , . , /bounds/ , . , archive, , newsgroup , . , . , ( ), (@). , doexpire, -a . news. doexpire , comp.sources.unix, comp/sources/unix , . , , . explist , doexpire . newsgroups, /bounds/ /expired/. /bounds/ - 324 - , . /expired/ , C News . , C News , , , . explist : # keep history lines for two weeks. Nobody gets more than three months /expired/ x 14 - /bounds/ x 0-1-90 - # groups we want to keep longer than the rest comp.os.linux.announce m 10 - comp.os.linux x 5 - alt.folklore.computers u 10 - rec.humor.oracle m 10 - soc.feminism m 10 - # Archive *.sources groups comp.sources,alt.sources x 5 @ # defaults for tech groups comp,sci x 7 - # enough for a long weekend misc,talk x 4 - # throw away junk quickly junk x 1 - # control messages are of scant interest, too control x 1 - # catch-all entry for the rest of it all x 2 - C News, . , newsreader active, . , C News . , , , updatemiin doexpire. 18.7 - 325 - , C News, . /usr/lib/news. . newsgroups - active, newsgroup, . , C News checknews (. 18.8). localgroups , , C News , checknews , , newsgroups. mailpaths . , email ( ). . . --- bang-path --- , , RFC 822 (user@host). , smail sendmail, RFC 822 - . , , . newsgroup -- alt.sewer, path!%s, C News path!alt-sewer, , . , , . uunet.uu.net!%s. distributions C News, newsreaders, nntpd. , , () . , : world everywhere in the world - 326 - local Only local to this site nl Netherlands only mugnet MUGNET only fr France only de Germany only brewery Virtual Brewery only log , C News. , newsdaily;