, - 261 - . 14.6 elm Elm " " Unix. . , elm, . , elm, ---, . , . elm elm.rc /usr/lib/elm. , .elm/elmrc . . " " elm. elmrc elm .rc . elmrc . 14.6.1 elm elm .rc , , host. , , : # # The local hostname hostname = vlager # # Domain name hostdomain = .vbrew.com # # Fully qualified domain name hostfullname = vlager.vbrew.com elm hostname. , - 262 - . , ; elmrc, . 14.6.2 RFC 822 , , , , Postscript, .. RFC, , MIME, Internet. , , ASCII, . elm . , Linux , ISO-8859-1, , . -1. : Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 . - charset us-ascii. ASCII, elm , . , elm charset us-ascii, , , metamail. , , , " M " . Linux - ISO-8859-1, metamail , . lm , ISO-8859-1, metamail, . , - 263 - elm .rc: displaycharset = iso-8859-1 , , , ASCII. - , mailer', : , ascii . , elm .rc . , , elm , . , ASCII, "^?". , LC CTYPE ISO-8859-1, , Latin-1 . libc-4.5.8. , ISO-8859-1, , elm .rc : charset = iso-8859-1 textencoding = 8bit elm ISO-8859-1 , 8 ( - 7 ). , elmrc . 15. smail smail, , . - 264 - smail sendmail , . - /usr/lib/smail/config. , , . , , . , smail . , smail, , . TCP/IP , smail - daemon : , rc.inet2, , TCP SMTP ( 25). , , smail . Smail , . , smail - , , , rmail, smtpd. smail. smail, ; /usr/bin/rmail /usr/sbin/sendmail. elm, rmail . , UUCP. elm, , /usr/sbin/sendmail rmail, . , smail /usr/local/bin, : # ln -s /usr/local/bin/smail /usr/bin/rmail # ln -s /usr/local/bin/smail /usr/sbin/sendmail , - 265 - smail, , smail. Linux, . 15.1 UUCP smail uucp , . , , rmail sendmail, . SMTP , rsmtp smail. smail Vince Skahan, . config.sample /usr/lib/smail. , , . , swim .tobirds.com, UUCP swim. smarthost - ulysses. : # # Our domain names visible domain=two.birds:uucp # # Our name on outgoing mails visible name=swim.twobirds.com # # Use this as uucp-name as well uucp name=swim.twobirds.com # # Our smarthost smart host=ulysses smail , . , . UUCP, uucp. () , smail host, hostname (2), - 266 - hostname. , hostname, , , smail . , , . . , , smail host ( hostname , ). , smart-host ( 14.4). , smail host. , host. UUCP, , UUCP . 13. , UUCP. , , ; - uucp. : , smail , hostname (2) uucp- , From . hostname UUCP , , smail . , uucp . /usr/lib/smail, paths.sample. - . , , . , , Usenet. . - 267 - 15.2 , (LAN), host, UUCP . , , vstout UUCP . , mailbox , nfs- . , ( , ). , . - , , hostname. Janet, , janet@vbrew.com janet@vale.vbrew.com. , . mailbox host , POP IMAP. POP , mailbox TCP/IP. IMAP, POP, . IMAP POP Linux, sunsite.unc.edu /pub/Linux/system/Network. 15.2.1 : vstout , smart host. Vstout smart host, ; host moria. vstout : # - 268 - # Our domain: visible domain=vbrew.com # # What we name ourselves visible name=vbrew.com # # Smart-host routing: via SMTP to vstout smart path=vstout smart transport=smtp , uucp . - , , , smart host, , SMTP. smail hostname . UUCP vstout, : # # Our hostnames: hostnames=vbrew.com:vstout.vbrew.com:vstout # # What we name ourselves visible name=vbrew.com # # in the uucp world, we're known as vbrew.com uucp name=vbrew.com # # Smart transport: via uucp to moria smart path=moria smart transport=uux # # we're authoritative for our domain auth domains=vbrew.com , smail, host . , hostname , . , hostname, . smail janet@vbrew.com , janet. - 269 - Auth , vstout . smail , host .vbre.com, host , . , smart-host, vstout, , - . 15.2.2 smail , , , smail daemon, SMTP smail , SMTP . , daemon , smail . , inetd . , host, , /etc/services: smtp 25/tcp # Simple Mail Transfer Protocol TCP , smail SMTP . 25 - , RFC. daemon , smail , SMTP . , SMTP . Smail daemon , rc.inet2, : /usr/local/bin/smail -bd -q15m -bd daemon , -q15m 15 . - 270 - inetd , /etc/inetd.conf, : smtp stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/smtpd smtpd Smtpd smail . , inetd - inetd.conf, HUP . Daemon inetd . smail deamon , , inetd.conf smtp . inetd smail, , rc.inet2 smail daemon. 15.3 ... - , , . , - smail. /var/spool/smail/log, logfile paniclog, . logfile : 04/24/94 07:12:04: [m0puwU8-00023UB] received | from: root | program: sendmail | size: 1468 bytes 04/24/94 07:12:04: [m0puwU8-00023UB] delivered | via: vstout.vbrew.com | to: root@vstout.vbrew.com | orig-to: root@vstout.vbrew.com | router: smart host | transport: smtp , root root@vstout.vbrew.com host vstout SMTP. smail , , : - 271 - 04/24/94 07:12:04: [m0puwU8-00023UB] received | from: root | program: sendmail | size: 1468 bytes 04/24/94 07:12:04: [m0puwU8-00023UB] root@vstout.vbrew.com ... deferred (ERR 148) transport smtp: connect: Connection refused , smail , vstout, SMTP vstout. , , TCP smail binaries. , . smail binaries, Linux, TCP/IP. , smail . smail, , TCP telnet SMTP . SMTP , : $ telnet localhost smtp Trying 127.0.0.1... Connected to localhost. Escape character is '^]'. 220 monad.swb.de Smail3.1.28.1 #6 ready at Sun, 23 Jan 94 19:26 MET QUIT 221 monad.swb.de closing connection SMTP (, 220 ), , , smail , . smail, smail, . -d , , . Smail , - 272 - , . 15.3.1 smail , smail TCP , . , CD-ROM, FTP. smail, newspak Vince Skahan's. TCP , conf/EDITME bsd- arpa-. LAN, Internet arpa-. - , BIND , MX. 15.4 , smail , . , , smail /var/spool/smail. , , , . , , ; 10 15 . smail daemon , -q10m . , runq cron . Runq smail. , smail -bp . , mailq smail, mailq: - 273 - $ mailq -v m0pvB1r-00023UB From: root (in /var/spool/smail/input) Date: Sun, 24 Apr 94 07:12 MET DST Args: -oem -oMP sendmail root@vstout.vbrew.com Log of transactions: Xdefer: reason: (ERR 148) transport smtp: connect: Connection refused , . ( , mailq -v ) , . , , smail , . SMTP , host; , . 15.5 , , , , smail, . , , : error copy postmaster - , , . , , - . , , (+). max hop count ( , ) , , . , . Received: , -h . 20. - 274 - postmaster . - root. 15.6 Smail , , , . , host, , . , UUCP SMTP . , , , . , , . smail, . , , , . smail , routers, directors, transports /usr/lib/smail. , . smail, , smail , /usr/lib/smail, . () 20.3. 15.7 , smail , - host, . host hostname, , . , smail , host' . routers; , - 275 - . Host , . , joe@foo.bar.com. bar.com , foo.bar.com . - , " '', . , , UUCP, . host. , smail , foo.bar.com UUCP ernie!Bert. bert!Foo.bar.com!user, UUCP , ernie. , : + , host , gethostbyname gethostbyaddr , , SMTP. - , host. Smail IP, , hostname, gethostbyaddr . , scrooge@ [149.76.12.4] , scrooge quark.physics.groucho.edu. Internet, - , , MX. . . + pathalias (/usr/lib/smail/paths) , smail host ( .uucp) . , UUCP, , . - 276 - + host ( .uucp) uuname, host UUCP. , UUCP . + , , smart host. smart host , . , . , , . , host , IP UUCP. smail SMTP. - , , , SLIP , SMTP - UUCP. , smail. , . SMTP -, . , Internet, MX. Internet, , BIND . , , smail binaries Linux, BIND. BIND, paniclog , " inet hosts: '', smail (. 15.2 ). , - uuname . - 277 - 15.7.1 Smail pathalias /usr/lib/smail. , pathalias , . Paths ASCII, , UUCP. , smail . , , . Pathalias 14 .. , , . , UUCP , . sort. , paths, : smart host , . 15.8 , - , mailbox, /var/spool/mail/user. , . , , . "" , smail , , . - , /etc/passwd@vbrew.com. - 278 - - -, (/) (~). , , a .forward mailbox (. ). , smail , . Unix, (|). smail , " | ". . , newsgroup, , gateit, , , " | gateit ". , . - , (, , , ). 15.8.1 - mailbox . mailbox - /var/spool/mail, . , smail. , , /var/spool/mail - , mailbox , paths, , /usr/spool/mail. smail: mailer - daemon . undeliverable, ( , - ). Mailer - daemon . , - 279 - smail mailer - daemon postmaser, root, . , . 15.8.2 , , smail. Forward to recipient,... mailbox . . , a .forward , . , . , . , .forward janet, "|vacation" mailbox janet, vacation . 15.8.3 Smail , sendmail Berkeley. alias: recipients recipients - , . , . , smail : ":include:filename" , smail , . - 280 - - /usr/lib/aliases. - , smail , . : # vbrew.com /usr/lib/aliases file hostmaster: janet postmaster: janet usenet: phil # The development mailing list. development: joe, sue, mark, biff /var/mail/log/development owner-development: joe # Announcements of general interest are mailed to all # of the staff announce: :include: /usr/lib/smail/staff, /var/mail/log/announce owner-announce: root # gate the foobar mailing list to a local newsgroup ppp-list: "|/usr/local/lib/gateit local.lists.ppp" , , smail " ''. , . 15.8.4 , , /usr/lib/smail/lists. , nag-bugs lists/nag-bugs, , . , . , - listname ; . - 281 - Sender: . 15.9 UUCP- , smail, UUCP . UUCP , , rmail host, . host, rmail smail. UUCP , smail UUCP. , user@host host!user. " % " , user%host@gateway gateway!User%host. , smail . , smail BSMTP UUCP. BSMTP , , mailer , SMTP . BSMTP , . 20.3 dubbed bsmtp BSMTP . , , HELO QUIT. bsmtp UUCP, ( smail ). UUCP, smart host, SMTP , bsmtp uux. SMTP UUCP, , . smail, rsmtp smail. sendmail, , - 282 - /usr/bin/bsmtp, " rsmtp". 15.10 SMTP- Smail SMTP , TCP . host, hostname, , , . , , BIND, gethostbyname gethostbyaddr SMTP . SMTP host smtp /etc/services. , , . Internet , host -, 14, . smail user%host@gateway, gateway host1!host2!host3, < @host2,@host3:user%host@gateway >, , host1. ( BIND), smtp transports. transports 20.3. 15.11 Hostname hostname ( , ) , ,