. -c  Linux

---------------------------------------------------------------
     © Copyright   (rubin@alvis.ru)
     Home page: http://www.alvis.ru/~rubin/
        " "
         Data-communications RE
     Date: 29 Mar 1999
---------------------------------------------------------------

     (Linux -   UNIX ,    
  (Linus Torvalds)        
.)

         1998        Linux         .
               
.    Linux    ""      
   : Interbase, Ingres, Informix, Oracle, DB2 
.
               
Linux.    IBM,      Compaq         
BrandName   Linux.

            Linux           
   Rambler.       ""   (Top 100
Search Words)  "linux"    (!) ,     "nt" -
 40.    ,      "linux"     
.

         (http://www.tbtf.com/archive/0138.html#s03)   
1998     ID  ,      Linux  
   7 . ,     NT.

          (        )       UNIX  
 - .     
Sun,   -    UNIX: FreeBSD  Linux

         Internet    Linux       
:  , web-, -, dns  news-,
  .            
.
     Linux        "".   
Linux       PC  486 .     
 TCP/IP     10-20            
 64-128.

      Linux      .    Linux  -
    .    -       Linux    
,   .      Linux
-  RedHat  (    -  RedHat  5.2).        
      .  RedHat  Mail
 sendmail, web- Apache, DNS- named.

     Sendmail -      UNIX SMTP-.   
       -       
.   sendmail - .  sendmail  
    :  ,   ,  
,     ,         
.   Linux     smtp   (Qmail, Smail
Zmail  .)



       NetCraft  (http://www.netcraft.com/Survey/) web  - 
Apache   53%    
            ,    
Apache      (http://www.lexa.ru/ru-survey/)                  
(http://ruc.osp.ru/igor/spider.html)  Apache       74%    72  %
    -.  (     1998  ). 
    9193  Web ,   
- 8099.  Apache,  ,   53% .
        Apache   ,   omputerWeekly, (N6, 1998,
c.1,20,46)    
     Apache  ,    
     ,        .      
 .   Apache    ,  
  .
     Apache  .      1995 .  
           
 .  ,    Apache
         ,  
       ,     
 .
       .        1.2  Apache  
  HTTP  1.1,        Web-  4 -  8 
,   HTTP 1.0.  Microsoft  Netscape    HTTP 1.1
 ,    Apache.

     (  ,   , 
WWW ,         Web  
                                                         ,
http://kulichki.rambler.ru/moshkow/WEBMASTER/serwerswww.txt)

     Apache,     (Russian Apache)  -  ,  -,
   Web-.
     (     -   1.3.3   PL27.3,           
http://apache.lexa.ru/)

        Apache      "
",    Web -    ,  
    .     Apache  
         :      
        ,  "  ",
             (,
http://www-win.company.ru      http://www-koi.company.ru     http://www.
company.ru/win        http://www.company.ru/koi).       
,    ( GET, PUT, POST).

          Web- Apache  
     .            
 :
             "Content-Type:-  Charset="   
   ;
         "Expires:"  proxy-
         Web-  (  proxy-    
 HTTP 1.1).

      ""    ,   
  .   Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS)  3.0
     Microsoft. ,         
     (, index.htm   index.html
 index.cgi)  IIS    .
      Apache       .      
    (      
    ),        (  
  ( .htdocs),     ).
       Apache
         (virtual  hosts)  -    
    web- .
        -      
       IP .
       CGI , c  Perl
      

       Apache        ,   
   .
        (http://ruc.osp.ru/igor/spider.html)   ,
 
             Web           
(http://www.syzran.ru)   ,        Syzran.      
           ,    
  "Powered by  russian Apache",            
Apache,     .



        ,         
     log  ( access_log, error_log  ).
   (),  Log   
  (    HTML)   .      
                            Cgi-Resources
(http://www.cgi-resources.com/).      Perl,   Log
,               Logging   Accesses   and   Statistics
(http://www.cgi-resources.com/Programs_and_Scripts/Perl/Logging_Accesses_and_Statistics/)



     Proxy -  squid    ,  
    :     (www,
ftp)                 
     .
     (Squid,          1.22,              
http://squid.nlanr.net/Squid/)
       squid   20-30%         
,           (  33.600,
   64  )           
      .
      squid           
 ,         .
   ,           
               . 
        .
       Squid
      Proxy
      (Redirectors)
     "" Proxy

     Squid      Proxy (  ).  
    -   
     /       ,    ,     
       Internet   ,   
          Internet.        Proxy
,  Squid                ,      ,
,     .    
Squid     NLANR (http://ircache.nlanr.net/Cache/joining.html)  
    / .       
  Proxy        Squid  
.
           
,   ,    .

     Squid Redirectors ""   .   
           
(,   " ").   
   ()  WWW .
            (http://ethereal.ru/~avk/anti-ad.html)   
   (  Perl)   Squid,    . 
    ,    URL   " " (Reklama.Ru,
InterReklema    )    .      Squid
Redirectors      ,    ,  
     .       
     .

     "" Proxy    Proxy   
.      Squid       3128,    
    Proxy      
 .  Squid        80, 
   http    Squid.

      Log 

       http://squid.nlanr.net/Squid/Scripts/   
,     Log   Squid.   sqmgrlog
(http://www.orso.x5.net/index.html)     (  HTML  ) 
  (    ""   http   ftp)    
access.log.     Squid  ,      IP
    .     Web
,       WWW.

                 
         UNIX,  
 ( FreeBSD),   .



            FireWall   (   )   proxy-   
      WWW  FTP.

         Linux,     ,  - 
       ""  (IP  Masquerade)    ""
(Firewalling).
     IP Masquerade -  Proxy .
       IP Masquerade      
     IP  (    ).   
 Linux-    Gateway. -gateway  
      .           
""   IP-  (    ,    c  192.168.0.1  
192.168.0.10).               
        gateway.  IP Masquerade  - ,  ,  
    ,       ,  gateway,      
.

           ""      firewall
   Linux.    Firewall 
     IP Firewall ( Firewall   )
     Proxy 
      ,         
,     -        
 .
     IP  Firewall     .    firewall 
     ,     ,  
       . ,        
 .     ,    
  firewall-.
     Proxy   ""     Firewall. 
  Proxy               
,    .           
     .

      Firewall    Linux         
:
     IP Masquerade
     IP Firewall
     Proxy  (Squid)
         IP Masquerade        
( )      ( ,     ,
  ""          ).  
 IP  Firewall     (  , 
www, ftp  )   ""  .    Proxy 
,           
,              
 ,      .



          Windows NT -     
   Windows .      "Samba  Server 2.0"
        Linux.         
          
  Linux      Windows.   
   ( html )   ,     
 Ftp.
          Linux         
 Microsoft.
              
 ""     Linux  -.



       Linux  Novell   :
       Novell  Linux
        Novell  Linux
       IPX
      Mars
     Caldera


     

           Linux-    .
          -      
,    .
         Linux     ""    
.     c             .  
        Linux        
(GroupWare)      (Shreduling).
         IBM ,        
Lotus Notes  Linux,       
 , ,  . ,    




         Linux     
  . -  (IBM PC, Pentium II, 64 RAM, 3
HDD  IDE)     60     .
     ,     64.




     ,     -     
NT.  (Web-    - Microsoft Internet Information Server, Mail  Server  -
Lotus Notes).
        NT         Lotus
Notes.
          3-      Mail  Server     
,       (   
),      .
         Lotus Notes     smtp 
 "",         
      "".         
" ".
                
(2-   Pentium  -II)       
.       .
           Linux.

        Linux  Web -  (Apache  Rus.),  Ftp- ,
-   (Squid),   Mail-   (Sendmail),   Dns-   (Named),
Samba-server.
     Web-      3  ,    
     log-.          
   .  -         
        Samba  Server.      
  Ftp.
     -              
""    (64).       6
  ""     30-50%.




     ,       ,        ,  
  ( ISDN ).
         TCP/IP   ()        
  Cisco.   (ISDN B1, 64)   ,
 (B2, 64)      .

        (10 )        Linux
,    , firewall  mail- .
                  ,  
 (        Cisco)         
.

     (. ) /*      */

                     
(Aliases).        (company.ru). 
  il -  ,         
    Linux ,    .
         2      ,
   ""  .
       ,          ,
      .    
      Mail      
   .     
, Mail     SMTP.

     Mail -    Linux -     
.




       
        .
      .

        , Linux -      
      .

       ,    
      Apache:  http://apache.lexa.ru/      
 . , " ?", FAQ.
     "" Apache: http://www.apache.org
     Squid:    http://squid.nlanr.net/Squid/            ,
, FAQ
     Squid FAQ  : http://www.lgg.ru/~linux/books/Squid-faq.html






      :
     :
     fido7.ru.linux,   fido7.ru.unix.linux   -   ""    
    Linux.        Linux 
  .

     WWW:
     http://www.linux.org.ru - , 10mb     ,
 Man  Pages, HowTo, FAQ,      Linux,  
.     Web  ,         
  .       Linux
     http://kulichki.rambler.ru/moshkow/ - "   ". 
     UNIX  LINUX ( ..  Linux
       ,   ..      Linux      ,
   Linux. (..)  .   
Linux( )  .)
     http://www.linux.opennet.ru/     (  )  
Linux ,   ,  .    ,  ,
.
     http://xtalk.price.ru/linux/   .   
 Linux,  Linux Meta-FAQ,  Linux, 
     http://www.dkd.ot.lt/hompag/linux/koi8/Cover/Cover.htm   -.
  Linux, " ?", " ?", ,  .
     http://linuxfocus.nevod.ru/Russian/    LinuxFocus    .  "
LinuxFocus -         
      Linux. LF    
     . "
     http://www.nevod.ru/linux/ -    
 (),   Linux  ',  
(),  FreshMeat ( Linux)
     http://www.irwin.ru/linux/   -    ,   ,  ,
.       
     http://www.citforum.ru/operating_systems/unix.shtml -   
  Unix  Linux
     http://linux.inf.ru/    Linux   Information    Site:   Linux   Gazette,
   -,  FTP  .         
.

      :
     :
     alt.os.linux - "" ()   Linux
     comp.os.linux.* -    ,        
  . , , "",   
  .

     WWW:
     http://www.linux.org -   Linux
     http://www.linuxhq.org -    Linux
     http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP     -    Linux     Documentation     Project
().     .
     http://slashdot.org -  Linux
     http://www.freshmeat.net -   Linux

     
     http://www.redhat.ru   -                
 Linux
     http://www.slackware.com/  SlackWare
     http://www.suse.de -  S.u.S.E,  
     http://www.cheapbytes.com/ -    
Linux  CD (Debian, SlackWare, RedHat, OpenLinux  .)

      
     http://www.vinchi.ru/  Vinchi Group. RedHat Linux 5.2  CD + 
 ,  HOW-TO,     (10$)
     http://cheapbytes.homepage.ru/   CheapBytes




      
      
      " "
     (rubin@alvis.ru)

Last-modified: Mon, 29 Mar 1999 16:46:12 GMT