. , . - , , - , , , , , , , .   - , , ; , , . , , . , . - , . , , , . . , ; , , , . , ; , . . , , , , , . 1. (1225-1274) - , , . 1323 , 1567 . . "Aeterni Patris" (1879) "Studiorum ducern" (1923). - " " (1266-1273) " " (1259-1264), . 2. , (1820-1895) - . " ", 1868 . "" - . 3. - , XIII . , , . , . 4. , (1806-1873) - , , : " " (1843), " " (1848), " " (1859). "" " " , 1874 . 5. (1867-1947) - , , 1923-1924, 1924-1929, 1935-1937- -. 6. , (1835-1902) - , , . "" ( "": "Erehwon", 1872) " " (1901), " " (1903, ) . "" " " , " ". : , " ", , , 1987.