"ufs" - ..
"", cdrom,
, , "read only"
mount -F ufs -r /dev/dsk/m197_c0d6s0 /cdrom
"game'" MSDOS', , CDROM
iso9660, :
mount -F cdfs -o ro /dev/dsk/m197_c0d6s7 /cdrom
( -r -o ro - )
&dD &d@.
umount /home1
&dD * fs * &d@
Sun: tunefs
Linux: tune2fs
HP-UX: fsadm
&dD * Bad- * &d@.
:
(- retrying'a),
"Bad media", "Read failure"... "
-".
bad- - "".
&dD : , -&d@
SCSI bad-.
-, ( ) ,
, , ,
.
&dDMotorola: Bad-&d@
- "Bad
blocks" "Disks and Tapes Managment"
. man ddefs, mvme328, scsi1x7, dinit, ...
ddefs
"Bad spots" .
- dinit
dinit -n dskdeffilename /dev/rdsk/m187_c0d107
-n bad-
dinit -t bad-list dskdeffilename /dev/rdsk/m187_c0d107
-t bad-list bad-
-? dinit
-v 1 - verify with pattern
&dDLinux: Bad-&d@
Linux' fsck "-c"
bad- ( "bad" inode)
# -y yes , -f force checking, -c bad-blocks
e2fsck -c -y -f /dev/hda3
&dD * * &d@
&dDMOTOROLA: GOLD&d@
Motorola 922 gold.
, sysadm.
&dDSUN: sundiag&d@
Sundiag -
Sun
&dDUnix PC&d@
. MSDOS
, .
.
&dD swap&d@
swap
( )
.
swap 1*RAM - 2*RAM ,
X-Windows, 3*RAM.
swap
. ,
swapping. : 20 Mb-
dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/swapfile bs=1k count=20480
swap ,
/etc/fstab - - :
---------------------------------------------------------------
# device mountpoint type flags
/dev/hdb2 none swap sw
---------------------------------------------------------------
&dDMOTOROLA: swap&d@
swap :
swap -a /dev/rdsk/m328_c2d0s0 0 0 #
swap -a /var/swapfile 0 40960 #
# - 512-
&dDLinux: swap&d@
# ,
# partition ID == 82 "Linux-swap"
fdisk /dev/hda
# Swap- Linux __ /dev/
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/swapfile bs=1k count=40000
# swap :
mkswap /dev/hda2 40000 ; sync #
swapon /dev/hda2 # swap-
free #
swapoff /dev/swapfile # swap-
/etc/fstab :
---------------------------------------------------------------
/dev/hdb2 none swap sw
---------------------------------------------------------------
&dDHP-UX 10.20: swap&d@
HP-UX SAM.
: swap
"File system swap",
, swap-, "
", .
HP-UX swap- -
swap
Primary-swap ,
/etc/fstab
swapon #
swapinfo #
&dDSUN (Solaris SunOS)&d@
swap -l #
swap -s #
mkfile 40m swap-file # 40
swap -a swap-file # .
/etc/vfstab:
/swap/file - - swap - no -
.
&dD &d@
Unix-
, ,
CD-ROM'.
Unix, Unix-
,
.
&dDMotorola 922. &d@
Unix SVR4/88.
. ,
"Idle MPU: none"
""
.
"3" (System debugger) , ENTER
197-Diag> "bo 0 40" ENTER (0:
0- SCSI , 40 - , 4-
scsi-) 5 .
197-Diag> bo 0 40
Boot-prom RAM-,
8 Mb -
, ,
RAM-
, .
,
Unix',
RAM-.
20-40 ,
,
.
, .
, 24
vt100 unknown
:
1. Full install
2. upgrade
3. Maintance mode
.
INSTALL -
.
- , , ,
, .
UPGRADE - "" ( 1988 )
.
.( , ,
). ,
.
MAINTANCE MODE - shell
. ,
,
,
, . ( ,
).
maintance shell' ( Ctrl-D)
Ctrl-C,
.
,
1. Install Maintance
.
&dD-88. .&d@
- Unix'. .
:
boot:
"t:unix" ENTER ( unix )
boot: t:unix
RAM- Bestix' 1000 ,
cpio . -
20,
.
&dDSun SPARCstation. CD-ROM.&d@
CD-ROM. . ,
"". STOP+A. (STOP -
). boot-rom prompt Ok:
"boot cdrom". SPARC - SS1, SS1+, SS2,
"boot sd(0,6,2)"
Ok boot sd(0,6,2)
: "> " (??), "boot"
"b"
> b sd(0,6,2)
Unix "suninstall",
.
# suninstall
&dDLinux Slackware. &d@
Linux'
: BOOT ( , ),
ROOT (
).
boot*/*.gz root*/*.gz .
(
boot12/net.gz root144/color144.gz)
. GZIP.EXE -D GUNZIP.EXE ""
, RAWRITE.EXE "" .
Linux DOS-
, NFS-, , CD-ROM,
.
boot-, prompt "Lilo boot:"
Enter, .
: Ethernet' ne2000
"" ,
, :
Lilo boot: ether=10,0x320,eth0
ROOT , Enter. "Console
login:" root :
# fdisk /dev/hda
# setup
&dDLinux RedHat. &d@
Linux RedHat .
- .
, NFS, FTP, SMB-.
&dDHP-UX 10.20. CD-ROM&d@
ESC
PDC- " cdrom"
BOOT-ADMIN> search scsi
....
scsi.2.0 ... CDROM ....
"scsi ID CD"
BOOT-ADMIN> boot scsi.2.0
,
.
&dDHP-UX 10.20. &d@
&dD &d@
1. Install "Network cold install utils"
1a. ( C-200 ) Install
-patch ACE/PHCO-10751 "Enabling network install for ... C-200"
2. /etc/instl_boottab __
3. Install CD Depot
mount /dev/dsk/c0t2d0 /cdrom
/usr/sbin/swreg -l depot /cdrom
4. Depot
/usr/sbin/swreg -u -l depot /cdrom
&dD &d@
PDC-boot (ESC Break 10 )
PDC> search lan install
, -
PDC> boot lan.10.188.101.14.3.52 install
10.188.101.14 - IP ,
3.52 -
.
&dD: &d@
&dD * Solaris 2.5 * &d@
&dD &d@
. Solaris
,
"pkgadd" "pkgrm",
.
,
, . ,
,
"pkgadd".
Unix, Internet,
,
. , .. Unix
.
Original is here http://www.reksoft.ru/htmlkoi/abprofunix.html
&dD &d@
(standalone
sys),
server/dataless/diskless - (
).
1.
2. :
/usr/sbin/pkgadd -d ____ _
:
/usr/sbin/pkgadd -d /cdrom/solaris_2_5/s0/Solaris_2.5 SUNWpkgA
( ).
:
/usr/sbin/pkginfo -d ____
: Solaris
, .
(
, ..),
. , AnswerBook ,
: .
, CD-ROM
, AnswerBook,
""
. , 7 !!!
-----------------------------------------------------------------
&dD .&d@
/usr/sbin/pkgchk <_>
-----------------------------------------------------------------
&dD :&d@
/usr/bin/pkginfo -l <_>
:
pkginfo -l SUNWcar
PKGINST: SUNWcar
NAME: Core Architecture, (Root)
CATEGORY: system
ARCH: sparc.sun4m
VERSION: 11.5.1,REV=94.07.15.22.10
BASEDIR: /
VENDOR: Sun Microsystems, Inc.
DESC: Core Architecture, (Root)
PSTAMP: fourstar940718191413
INSTDATE: Aug 16 1995 03:39
HOTLINE: Please contact your local service provider
STATUS: completely installed
FILES: 51 installed pathnames
16 shared pathnames
7 directories
29 executables
3794 blocks used (approx)
---------------------------------------------------------------
&dD :&d@
/usr/sbin/pkgrm <_>
---------------------------------------------------------------
&dD &d@
(swmtool 2.4 admintool 2.5)
AnswerBook .
SWMTOOL
:
1.
2. ,
3. :
/usr/sbin/swmtool &
, -
,
( INSTALL/REMOVE
) , , ,
" , (property)"
, swmtool ,
CD-ROM .
, CD-ROM swmtool.
Props... (), ,
() Source Media
, .
, Media Type Mounted Directory, Directory
Name /cdrom/cdrom0 ( CD-ROM
) Apply.
,
swmtool.
: ( - -
, , 3
- - ,
-
),
.
Begin Installation ( ).
/ pkgadd. ,
, .:
...
, , Remove,
(), ,
Begin Removal.
&dD &d@
,
, "pkgadd"
. .
, 3 : "MyProg.bin", "Myprog.lib"
"MyProg.man", "/usr/local/bin",
"/usr/local/lib" "/usr/local/man" .
, :
) ,
"pkgmk", .
"~/tmp/MyPackage".
) ,
,
. .. :
~/tmp/MyPackage/bin/MyProg.bin, ~/tmp/MyPackage/lib/MyProg.lib
~/tmp/MyPackage/man/MyProg.man
) "pkginfo" "prototype".
(
,
man -s4 pkginfo
man -s4 prototype
"prototype":
!PROJDIR=/usr/local
1 i pkginfo=pkginfo
1 d none bin 0755 root other
1 f none bin/MyProg.bin 0644 root other
1 d none lib 0755 poul insects
1 f none lib/MyProg.lib 0644 root other
1 d none man 0755 poul insects
1 f none man/MyProg.man 0644 root other
"pkginfo":
PKG=MyProg
NAME=MyPackage
ARCH=sparc
VERSION=Version 1.0
CATEGORY=application
VENDOR=Pavel K. Klodin
EMAIL=webmaster@reksoft.ru
PSTAMP=Pstamp
BASEDIR=/usr/local
CLASSES=none
) , ,
:
cd ~/tmp/MyPackage
pkgmk -o -d /tmp -r .
"/tmp" "MyPackage"
.
"pkgadd". ) , , (
"su -"):
cd /tmp
pkgadd -d .
: ,
:
( );
" " (stream packages).
,
-
(, , ).
, ""
. 2
"pkgtrans".
mailto:drone@reksoft.ru
&dDSummary of pkg commands:&d@
pkginfo {pkg} - test for presents of package.
pkgadd -d /cdrom/Solaris_2.3 <pkg ...>
- add missing packages
pkgrm {pkg ...} - remove packages.
pkgchk -q {pkg} - test for existance of package
pkgchk {options} [pkg] - check installed packages for
integrity.
Let's say your Solaris2 workstation is called "sol" and the
4.1.x server is called "bertha" and you want the printer name
to be "printer" (imaginative, eh?).
sol# lpsystem -t bsd bertha # says bertha is a bsd system
sol# lpadmin -p printer -s bertha # creates "printer" on "sol"
# to be printed on "bertha"
sol# accept printer # allow queuing
sol# enable printer # allow printing
sol# lpstat -t # check the status
sol# lpadmin -d printer # default
To get transparent mode, try this:
lpadmin -I any -p printer
&dD * Linux RedHat * &d@
rpm -i filesystem-1.2-1.i386.rpm
rpm --erase filesystem-1.2-1
rpm -qa
, :
rpm2cpio < packetname-1.2-1.i386.rpm | cpio -it
rpm2cpio < packetname-1.2-1.i386.rpm | cpio -it rpm2cpio < packet
name-1.2-1.i386.rpm | cpio -it
rpm2cpio < packetname-1.2-1.i386.rpm | cpio -it
, :
rpm -l nfs-server-2.2beta16-5
RedHat . security updates
ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/Linux/mirrors/redhat/redhat/redhat-4.2/updates/i386/ ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/Linux/mirrors/redhat/redhat/redhat-4.2/updates/i386/
rpm -Uvh samba-1.9.18p7-0.i386.rpm
&dD * HP-UX 10.20 * &d@
HP-UX SAM.
swlist -l product
.
&dD Unix&d@
&dD1. ping&d@. .
, :
ping host.name
"" ( 1 .):
ping -s host.name
"" - trl- .
&dD2. finger&d@. .
:
finger [-l] @..
ipsun.ras.ru :
finger @ipsun.ras.ru
:
finger -l moshkow@ipsun.ras.ru
&dD3. talk&d@.
talk moshkow
talk moshkow@fedfond -
.
:
Message from Talk_Daemon@ipsun at 23:29 ...
talk: connection requested by ivanov@server.fedfond.msk.su
talk: respond with: talk ivanov@server.fedfond.msk.su
talk ivanov@server.fedfond.msk.su
. -
Ctrl-C
&dD4. mailx&d@. .
/* Linux mailx, */
mailx username@host.name
Subject:
. . .
,
Ctrl-D. "." ENTER.
let.txt, -
:
mailx -s " " semen@server.fedfond.spb.su < let.txt
&dD5. mailx&d@. .
mailx, ,
.
:
? - help
h 12 - 12-
6 - 6-
d -
s fajl - "fajl"
r -
mailx .mailrc,
.
:
########### .mailrc !!!!
set crt=22
set record='/home/moshkow/Mail.sended'
##############################################################
# "" more ;
#
# /home/moshkow/Mail.sended ;
alias max moshkow@ipsun.ac.msk.su
alias kafedra petrov smirnov@nic.com lapin@sovim.mit.edu
# -
# ,
#
, /etc/aliases
:
Maksim.Moshkow: moshkow
moshkov: moshkow
newaliases
:
moshkow@moshkow.ru
moshkov@moshkow.ru
Maksim.Moshkow@moshkow.ru
, $HOME/.forward
@.
, , ,
\yourlogin, newadres@email.adres
Linux, procmail
folder, $HOME/.procmailrc :
###############################################################
####### ( message-id)
:0 Wh: msgid.lock
| formail -D 8192 msgid.cache
####### Mail-
:0
* ^(Sender|To|CC): .*(ezh@cdru.com|ezh@ezhe.com|banners@list.techno.ru)
nsmail/ezh
####### ( )
:0 b
* Subject: .*uuencoded
| uudecode
####### mailing-
####### "zhurnal@sharat.co.il" email.
#######$HOME/.procmailrc :
:0 c
* < 10000
* !^To: .*zhurnal
! moshkow@home.moshkow.ru
####### 30
:0 h c
* > 30000
* !^From: CityCat
* !^From: .*linux
* !^FROM_DAEMON
* !^Subject: BOOK614
* !^X-Loop: moshkow@moshkow.ru
| ( egrep -v '^From moshkow|^Return-Path: moshkow' | formail -r -A"Precedence: junk" -A"X-Loop: moshkow@moshkow.ru" ; echo "Thanks, I have got your mail.") | $SENDMAIL -t
###############################################################
&dD6. telnet&d@. .
telnet host.name
telnet ,
, - , -
.
telnet " " "Ctrl-]" , -
telnet . -
telnet'. - ENTER.
"exit" "help"
&dD7. ftp&d@. File Trasfer Protocol. .
, " "
( ), NFS ?
ftp. ,
TCP/IP.
ftp host.name
User name (moshkow): ivanov
Passwd:
-
( ).
,
"anonymous", - email-.
ftp .
"" , -
, ,
, - .
ftp> help -
ftp> quit -
ftp> bin -
( )
ftp> cd katalog - ""
ftp> ls - ""
ftp> lcd katalog - ""
ftp> !dir - ""
ftp> !ls -al - ""
ftp> get file-tam [ file-name-zdes ] -
ftp> put file-zdes [ file-name-tam ] -
&dD &d@
&dDtelnet localhost 25&d@
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 t30.systud.msk.su ESMTP Sendmail 8.8.5/8.8.5; Thu, 14 May 1998 18:01:21 +0400
vrfy ryba@aquarium.ru
expn ryba@aquarium.ru
&dDhelo whitehouse.gov&d@
250 t30.systud.msk.su Hello localhost [127.0.0.1], pleased to meet you
&dDmail from: god@heavens.com&d@
250 god@heavens.com... Sender ok
&dDrcpt to: moshkow@ipsun.ras.ru&d@
250 moshkow@ipsun.ras.ru... Recipient ok
&dDdata&d@
354 Enter mail, end with "." on a line by itself
&dDSubject: Time to pray!
This the time to pray caoming along!
God
.&d@
250 SAA01324 Message accepted for delivery
&dDquit&d@
.
&dD : Ethernet, Token ring, FDDI&d@
&dDEthernet&d@
Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detect (CSMA/CD)
.
Ethernet/2 IEEE 802.3 ,
&dDEthernet' 3 :&d@
10baseT , RJ45
Twisted pair ( 100).
4- .
10base5 Ethernet. 2 , 15 AUI
Thick ethernet hosta. "" -
. - N-.(L<= 500)
10base2 Ethernet 50-
Thin ethernet BNC .
185 m (<=300m)
30
+-----+
|Host o------------------. ""
+-----+ \
\ ___
+-----+ \o | Hub
|Host o----------------------o | 10-base-T
+-----+ o___|
/
+-----+ /
|Host o------------------'
+-----+
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ " "
|Host | |Host | |Host |
+--+--+ +--+--+ +--+--+ Thin
z-+---------------+---------------+-z
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
|Host | |Host | |Host |
+----+ +----+ +----+ ethernet
n n n ^
n n n | 50
"" n n v
n==M===============M===============M=======n
&dDToken ring&d@
Token ring IBM,
IEEE 802.5
- (8 ) shielded unshielded
, MultiStationAccessUnit (MSAU)
MSAU ,
.
- -.
,
"", .
, ,
. .
. -Monitor,
, ,
.
&dDFDDI&d@
- .
.
Dual Attachment .
,
( ), .
( DAS )
___0 DAS ___0 DAS
/___o /___|
// \\ //
|| |* --> || *
|| o| || o*
\\___/o DAS \\___/| DAS
\___/ \___/
- Token ring.
. Monitor'
.
&dD Unshielded twisted pair&d@.
1 Tx+ | +-1---8-+ | Rx+ 3
2 Tx- | | | | Rx- 6
3 Rx+ | |_____| | Tx+ 1
4 | |
5 | |
6 Rx- |___________| Tx- 2
7 ( )
8
-----------------------------------------------------------------
, HUB' (point-to-point)
"" . Tx+<-->Rx+, Tx-<-->Rx-,...
ethernet-
,
"" - .
.
&dD : &d@
DTE DCE
(station, router) ** ------ ** (modem) <====
&dD :&d@
EIA/TIA-232
EIA/TIA-449
V.24
V.35
X.21
G.703
EIA.530
HSSI
&dD WAN :&d@
Data link encapsulation :
&dDDedicated WAN&d@
SDLC - Synchronous Data Link Control
HDLC - High-level Data Link Control
LAPB - Link Access Procedure Balanced
PPP - Point-to-Point Protocol
&dDSwitched WAN&d@
Frame Relay - HDLC
X.25
ISDN
.
&dD TCP/IP&d@
"Office"
+--------+ +--------+ Network 195.1.2.0
| | | | Netmask 255.255.255.0
+--------+ +--------+ Broadcast 195.1.2.255
| 195.1.2.3 | 195.1.2.10
----+-------------------+--------------------------+-------------
|195.1.2.1 | 195.1.2.2
+--------+ +--------+
|-|GatewayD| |GatewayO|
| +--------+ +--------+
| 198.8.2.1 SLIP : 122.5.6.9
| "Developers" :
| +-------+ Network 198.8.2.0 :
|-| | Netmask 255.255.255.0 Modem
| +-------+ Broadcast 198.8.2.255 . . .
| 198.8.2.2
| Modem
| +-------+ . . .
|-| | :
| +-------+ SLIP: 122.5.6.10
| 198.8.2.3 +--------+
|GatewayF|
122.5.6.3+----+---+
--------------------------------------------------+--------
| 122.5.6.1 | 122.5.6.2 "Filial"
+--------+ +--------+ Network 122.5.6.0
| | | | Netmask 255.255.255.192
+--------+ +--------+ Broadcast 122.5.6.63
Host IP 198.8.2.2
"Developers" Net: 198.8.2.0 -- 198.8.2.255
198.8.2.0 Default: 198.8.2.1
"GatewayD" ifconfig eth0 198.8.2.1
ifconfig eth1 195.1.2.1
route add net 198.8.2.0 198.8.2.1 0
route add net 195.1.2.0 195.1.2.1 0
route add default 195.1.2.2 1
"GatewayO" ifconfig eth0 195.1.2.2
ifconfig sl0 122.5.6.9 pointopoint 122.5.6.10
route add net 195.1.2.0 195.1.2.2 0
route add net 198.8.2.0 195.1.2.1 1
route add default 122.5.6.10 1
Host IP 195.1.2.3
"Office" Net: 195.1.2.0 -- 195.1.2.255
195.1.2.0 Default: 195.1.2.2
route add net 198.8.2.0 195.1.2.1 1
.
&dD TCP/IP&d@
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Proto-
col)
UNIX'. TCP/IP :
IP-
IP-
( - ,
)
TCP/IP- :
"" ,
, . "-
" IP- ( )
" " , TCP/IP .
&dD Internet&d@.
, TCP/IP -
,
TCP/IP "Internet". "Internet":
100000 IP- . ( 1994 )
Internet' :
20,000
4,000,000
35,000,000
&dD1. IP-&d@.
IP-.
IP- - 32- , -
16-- , 4 ,
. :
193.124.148.73
128.8.2.1
. 0
255. :
c1.7c.94.49 0xC17C9449
80.08.02.01 0x80080201
, -
Internet, TCP/IP
, .
IP- .
. , ,
NIC - Network Informational Center. NIC
. IP-. NIC
- , -
"" IP-,
. E-mail , :
hostmaster@sri-nic.net
, IP-, *.ru
xSU/RU NetworkInformationalCenter
ncc@ripn.net ncc@ussr.eu.net
www.ripn.net/nic/ripn-docs/ http://www.ripn.net/nic/ripn-docs/
&dDIP-, .&d@
IP- - "" 2**n IP-, .
- . IP-.
128.8.0.0, 193.125.149.64 . -
, , ,
.
- , -
. ( 8
- 256 , 6 - 64 ),
b'111...11100...00'
^^ ^^
- ,
:
255.255.255.192 - 64
255.255.255.0 - 256
255.255.0.0 - 64Kb
Broadcast - . -
"