:


---------------------------------------------------------------
     © Copyright
     Email: cap2@list.ru
     : Titel-Verlag, 2003 ()
     Date: 14 Nov 2004
---------------------------------------------------------------




     " ,   
     ,    , 
        ".
     

     "   ,   - 
       - , 
       ,     -
       ".
      

             
  ',     .      
   ,         
          .  , 
      ,    ""
  "". [18,  .84].              
   "", "", "".



     ,         ""  "",    
   ,          .
 ,          VIII .   .. [91,
.27].
       ,         .
     ,       
            moira  ().     
"",     ""  ,     
,     . , 
     :       
    . [166, p.786].
     , VI, 487-488:           - aisa  
moira  -    "".     .   
 :
            ;
      ,   ,     ...
     [26, .136].

      -     :
        ,   
      ,        ;
        ,     (Aisa)
       ,    ,   .
     (, , 125-128).

        (   - )    ,
           :
     ..., ,    (Moira)
       ,    .
     (, XXIV, 209-210).

           ""  "":
      (aisimon)      ...
     (I, 291).
         ,   (moros)  
     ... (IX, 421).
       ,  ,  (morsimon) ...
     (V, 674).
        (peprotai)   ...
     (VIII, 329).
      ,    (pepromenon)
     ... (VI, 441).
     ... (keres)     . (II, 834).

            ,   
    - . -,  
  ,    ,    :
      , ,  ,   
        ,    ...
     (II, 209-210).

           (   )   ,
      .        
  .         (ker -  ,
)  ""          ,
,         "  ",  
   " "     .
                     .
,  ,             :  
     ,    (V, 64-71).
               ,       
   :
      , !    
         ...
     (VI, 707-708).

              
  .       ,      
   :
     ...  ,   ,  , ;
      ,  ,     :
            
       ,      .
     (XIX, 86-89).

     ""               .
,    ,    :
     !      ...
     ...     .
        ,    , ...
     ( . ; IX, 507-514) [27, .120].

                     
,        ,        :
,  ,    ... (, 100-117).
     ,  ,  ,        
    :          
    ,  ,   , -   
.       ""      :
        ,       
,   ,   ,    (I,
102-115).
            "".      
:
           :
        ,    , -
       ,     .
          ,    ,
       ,     ...
     (IX, 411-415).

      , ,     ,    
,      ,     ,  ,    
  (, 30).
       ,            
          
.        . 
      ,     
   .      , 
   ""    "",  ,  ,     -
  (III-II  .  ..).       ,
,      ,    
. [28, .50,62].
                    
  .            
         , 
  - .      
  ,  ,        
 ,          
  ,           (    ),    
 ,      
().
                    
   ,   -  (, )     
 ,    , ..   -   
  .       '    , 
   -      .      ""    
      ""    "".     
   - ,      -        
(,        )   ,       
:
     ...  ,    :
       ,    
       ,   ,
            ;
           .
     ("", XV, 189-193).

              
       .  ""   
 :
     ,      , , !
       ,  ;     
     ,   (huper moron),   
     ? (I, 32-34).



           (VIII-VII .    ..)      
     ,     
   .   (  )  ,   ,    
;   ()     ;   ()
  . [166, p.787; 96, .360].
               .
 ,  ,           .
-,    ,       
 .       ,        
 ,       ,    
.
          ,       
   .      ,  
   .          
  .    .        
   ,       .  ,
       .   
 .      .   
        ,  ,  ,      .  [57,
.106-115].
            ,  
      .      
,         . [57, .121-123].
              .   
     .      ,
        ,        
,     ,         .    ,  
 :     ,        
     ...
              .  
   ,     ,   
      ,      .
  ,         .        
 ,    .
          " "      
 :
        ! ,  -  ,
     ,  , ,  ; -
            ?
              .
      , ,     ...
     [100, .58].

       ,                  
                     
-           .  ,  
    ,     ,    
 .    " "  
 :
     -      ?
     -  ,    .
     -  ,    ?
     -  ,     . [126, .249,250].

         ""  :
     ...  ,  ,
       ,
       ?
         : ... ,
        ,  
     ,  ,  . [38, .401,403].

                  
   .  ,   "" ,  ,   
  - ,          
  .       
   ,    .    
,   ,      
.  [105, .365,366].  "  , !  -    
   . -    !      
-         ".  [19, XII,  676,677].     
     :
        ,    ,
            :
        ,     ...
     [19, XII,725-727].

          ,    ,      
   .       
-  ,        .
            ,      
 ,            
      .   ,    
:    ,              
-. [96, .351].
                     
.             , 
 ,       .    ,
,  ,  ,            
  ,               .  
  ,       ,    , 
 .  ,         .
[57, .97-100].
        - ,      .
 ,      ,  -   .  ,  
  ,             .
          .    
 ,   .   ,    
   ,   -       .  
  ,      ,      
    .            
.     ,          ,
 ,      .
             ,     .  ,
   (,  ,   ?),   
,   .   ,    
  .  ,     ,  ,
    ,    ,     .    
 ,        .  
  .       ,    
   ,             
  ,        
.





       (VI-V .   ..)    (III  .    ..) 
         ,  
,           .     
 ,       "    ",  
               
  .       
           " " (V
.  ..): "     ,        
  .       -    
 "...



             (   )      
       ,       . 
  ,        
 (VII-VI .  ..).       
  ,   ,  : " ,
 ,      ,    , 
  ,      ".  [86, .1,
.183].
     , ,     ,      .
,      ,   
  ,     .   , 
      ,  ,     
  ,   ,    . ,
        ,  .        ,  
      ,  ,   
   .          
  ,     .    
          ,     
     .           
:  "  !"          
     ,       ,
 ,               
 . [23, I,32,86; 86, .1, .183-186].
                 
,              ""
   ,    -    
.
                
    .         ,   
 - .     .
       ,               
 .         ,
        .   ,
    ,   
          ( 
  ).
          ,             
  ,      -  .
          ;  
     .   
,     ,   ,   ,  
            ;      
  ,            
 ...
     ,           ,         ,
    "".       : 
    -      ,   
 ,   .  [166, p.789].    
       ,  
       . 
,   ,    ,       
.            :
      ,           ,  
      ,    
    ..   ,       
     :          
    ,                  
     ,            
...
       ,   (V .  ..)    (V-IV  . 
..),   .   ,      
,       .      ,
 , -         .  
               ,   
     .  "            
,          -           
", -     .    
   . ,    , 
           .  [91, .78].  
   ,           
  .



      (V .  ..)   ,     
   .     -  
 ,    .    ,    
.         : 
 -    (      ).  
,         
.   ,    ,  -    egkrateia,    ,
    .           
,          ,   
 .
            ,     .    
            
  .              
 ,     .      
,     -  . [92, .1, .65-68]. ,  
      ,  ,  : "  - "
(. 24.9).
                  ,      
  .  ,     a          
 to daimonion.   " "    
   : "...  -   ...
     :   - -  ,    
   ,     ,    -
  ". [84,  .1, .85].     -   
 .           
     ("",  "",  "  I",  "",   "").
 ,         
  .      ,
    ,  "".
      (V-IV .  ..)  ,    
.    10-    "",         ,  
            .       
,  ,            
     .       
    ,     
.  ,  ,         ,
            .    
  ,  ,  ,           
.         (   ,      
 ,      ,    -  ),
    ,      ,   
    .         , 
   ,     ,    . [84, .3,  .
413-420].    ,    ,         
(),      ,     -    
.             ,  
  ,       ()      
  .
       ,            "".   
,         "  " 
  ,   , ,         
    .  ,          , 
.
      (IV  .    ..)  -        ,
          
    .            
  .        
(nous),         ,   , 
 ,  .    ,  , ,  
   .        
 ,      ,  ,   .
        ,  
,  ,  - . [118, .2, .520].
       "" VI,3        "" 
"" ().   ,        .    
          ,        
   . [10, .1].
      "  ",  . III        
  .             
.     ,            
(proairesis),           .  [10,  .4].
        ,  , 
    ,        
 " ". [92, .1, .158].
         ,    -       
   ,      .       
- . ,  ,  " "
(to kinoun akieton),    ,    .
     ,       ,      
        .    V-IV .   ..  
      ,       
 .



        ,       (IV
.   ..),  ,  ,       
   .      .
     ,          
.           (kuon),  , ,  
      .       
    .      
.    ,       ,         
,  ,    .   (anaideia),
  ,      ,        
       .
       -            
      ,    ,    
   .           
.              
     .    ,      
  -  .  ,        
,  : "   ".
       (IV-III  .    ..)     ,    
        .     ,
          ,           
.    ,  ,   
      ,            "
".
                      
"  ",        
 .   (I .    ..)   "  " 
  :  " () ,      ,  
  ,          ,    
      ,            
.          ,          
, ,  , ,    .
 ,  ,         
 ,  -      ...    
 "     ,     "...     
    " ,   "". [120, .82].      
        "  ":
     ...  , ,   ,
       ,    ,
            
         ,     ?
     [66, II, 257-260].
     ...     
            
             ,
           ,
              .
     [II, 289-293].

        ,   ,              ,
      ,          
    . [96, .660].      
 :  ,        .
       .
      , ,       
,    .     (IV-III .    ..),
        ,  
     (II .  ..).
                   (heimarmene),      
 ,    .  ,    
,         ""      ,      
 .  ,     
    ,      (pronoia).
 ,    ,      .
      ,    , 
  :  "    !"      
: "    ". [32, .255].
           (I  .   ..)  :  "  
  ...      ,    
,   .     ,  
  .                 
,      ,    
  ,       -   ". [9, .1,
.506].
         ""      .  
  -     ,  
          
.  [30,  .165].          ,
         
(exagoge).           
 ,          
       .  
  ,  ,  ,       .  [119,
.190].
           ,           
    .      , 
          . 
 - ,       , .
     -  ,        .  
         
   ...        :
"    ,   - ". [92, .1, .195].
          " "        
 : "    ,    ,
    axioma,    ,   .  ,
     ,         ,  . 
    ,  . ,   
.          ,    ,     ,     
 .       ,     . ,
 , ,   ,  ,      ".
[120, .306].   , ,      
 ,           
. , -    .   
- ,    " ",    ,
    -        ,  
 .
              
:
      ,  ,   , !
       .
           ,
       .
       , -  
      ,     -
         . [91, .249].

                   
 . ,        
        (voluntas),   
.     ,   ,    
   -  .    ,     
  ,     ,  - .     
     .   ,     -
    ,         ,   
      ,     .    
 " ",     :  "...
      ,         ... 
             ,      
...     ,      ".      
: "   ...    ,      
   .         ?"
("" IV,34; VII,57).
             
  .          
  ,   .     
      "", "".



        ,     ,    
      ,         
  "  ".          
 .
       I  .  ..,     ,      ,   
       .      ,  
                 
,         ,   . 
                 
  .        ,   
,               
.                       
.      " "     .
 -     ,    
 " " .      -    
. "  , -   , -         
     ,    .    ,    
,         ,   ,    
".     ,     
   : "...         ,
  - ,    ,    ,  
 . , ,     ,    , 
    .        , - ,
    ...  [ ,   ],   
,   ,        ,      ,  
  ". [120, .302,311].
            III  .    ..          
      ,        .    
   ,          
 - .   ,   
        . 
 ""        
      ,       - ,  
    ,     .
                   , 
              .    
 ,         
   .         
          ,      
           .
        ,  ,    
"" VI,8: "...  , ,   
,      ,       ,
     ,  ,     
  -,    ,       ".
[85, .328,329].
                  
     " "   
  ,      "  "  ,  
         .    ,
,           ,     
              
,            
.
                     
  ...   -   Tuche (   - Fortuna)
-         
.    ,      
. "          
     ", -  . [86, .2, .318].
       :

     - (Tuche)!   
           
        ! [105, .147].

             :  "
 ", "  ", "", " "  
.., , ,     . [61, .204].



      -       
      .     
  ,   ,     - , -
     (,      , 
   ),    , -   
   (      
         ,     
).



                
:
     kala -  "".     ,       
.
     vidhi  -  "",  "".    ,  ,   
 .
     daiva -  "", "    ()".  ,    
     .
     adrsta - "".       ,
   .
     karma - "", "".       ,
         .  [153,
p.790].
     -        , 
 .         , 
        ,           
            ()
   . " , -  . , - ... 
 ,    ,   ,     .
   ,     
  .        , 
 """.  [22,  .107].        ,  , ,
     .     ,
   ...    -    
   .
          ,         
.    ,        ,         
.    ""  XIII,1        
,      .         ?  ,
  , ,    ,         
,          .   ,   
        ,     
     (""). ,      ,
        .     ,  .. 
    -          .
 ,       .  
         ,   ,      
      .
      ,        -  
      .        
        :     ,  
,    ,      ,     
      ...       
   (),                 .
"-" III  2,8    : "      
,       ,   ,       ,
   ,   ". [109,  .185].  
    ,  ,   
             ,
   . [115, .16].
                  .  [153,  p.791].
 -       ,   .
.       : "      
     "", ""  (), 
    ,       
 :   , ,     ...
       ..." [65, .44].
                  
       .    
  ,        " " -
-.



                     
.          ,  
              
  .
      -     - V-III  .  ..  
   "",                
.             
     .    -       -
      .              
     .
             (. 9.8).    
(7.26)  ,        (9.11).   
    : " ,    ... 
- ,   .   -   
-     " (10.32,39). [17, .516,522].
           ,    
    (7.24;  12.2).      -   
,    ,       
      (,         
)    .       ,  
   ,         
  .         -    
(3.4-7; 5.2,6).  : ",    ,
       ,  , 
  ..."  (2.50,51;  4.9).        ,       
,       .
     -   ,        
  : "...         ,  
   ,          -  ?" (3.36).  
,       - ,          
"    " (3.43).        ,  
       (9.32)          (4.36).
       : " ,   
    ,         ,   
      .        ,
   ". (5.10; 10.3).
                     
-  (18.56; 2.64; 18.58,62).       
  ,          
 (9.29-31).         .  
      . [74, .78].
            -    ,  ,  
,       .
     -, .       , 
        ,        :  ",  
 ,   ; ,   ,
  ; ,     ,  
  ;   ,     ,       "  (9.25).
,   -      .   
      .
     -,   .      , 
         -:  "   ,    
           ,   
           "  (2.13).     
,   ,          
    " " (  - 
  -       ).   ,
,         (.  9.1-7)  ,  
         .
       -,            
   (""),    . ,   - 
,     : "     ,
   " (7.25).    , -
         -   (1 . 1.27),   -
 (. 11).   , ,  "" 
   "" -.
              ,
,  ,          .  
,   -      .
              .  
  ,           
 .  ,   , ,   (2.33). 
     : "...      -
      "  (5.15).       
         ,    ,      
. [17, .280, 281].
         -    "" ,  
       "  ".         
:  "    ,     ,  
  ,  ,               
 .    ,    ,     
,   " (11.26,27).     
 ,     ,    . 
     ""  :    
,         ,         
.
      . 11.32        
 ().    ,       
.           : ",   
    .       
  .          ;    ,  
,           . ,  ,
,         .   
    .  ,         "
(11.33,34).
     ,      - ,  
      ,  ,       ,   
           .    
      ; ,      
"  "  ,      ,      
 ;          ,    ,
   : ",          
.   ,   ,   " (18.63). , 
      ,    ,     
 .



                 ,    
 ,             
 ,   , ,   
.
           ""      
   .  [143, p.772].  C       
 ,   , ,     
.           . 
         . 
       ,         
    . [43, .1, .132].
             
  .     ,       
 .  "      ,    ,  ,
 ", -         . [43, .2, .190].
""         simtu      (  
  )       . [155,  p.778-780]. 
   ""  .   
  .      ,  
                 
.  "   "            
,     .         
          .
        . , 
         .   
  (II .    ..)      
      (             
  )        ,     
 (          ). [96,
.57,58].
           ming   ,   
.   (VI-V .    ..)       ,
"  ",       , 
      ,    
, .   "   "  ("")   
    :  "     ,      
 ".   "-"      :  "
    ,        , 
.     ,    ,   
  ,       ". [9,
.1, .191,192].       ,    
 ,       . 
      , "   
 ,       ". [176, p.783-785].
       (.  -  , ,  )  -      ,
 "",     - (VI . 
..).   -    ,     , 
.     ,    ,
    ,           . 
  ,       .  
-  ,      ,   
         ,        
 .
        "-"  (IV  .    ..)      
:
     " -   ,    ,    ...
 -    ".
     "    .     ,  
  ,  [ ],   ,  .  
 ".
     "  ,     , []    
 ,      []      
  ". [35, .17, 52,39].
       ,   ,        ,  
 .          .
  ,  -,       ( 
                 
  ):        ,      
,    ,  .
                  
          
               
  ,  ,           . 
,  , ,  ,      
        ,      -  
  .    , , ,   
     ,   ,
,       .



            
          .      
    ,         
 ,  ""      .   , 
  ,      ,       
  ,      .



      ("" -  , "" - ,  "" - ),
     ,      ,        
      . ,      
  "",       "".
[163, p.342].
     ,         .  6.5;  8.21,    
   ,  ,      
    .  [37,  .879].             
              
  (      [110, II 8,14])    ( 
     [111, XIII  5,9]).       
  : "  () ,     
  .  ,        
 ,    ,       
   ,            ".
[111, XVIII 1,3].
           "" , 
   ,    "  "  (.  3.16;  . 138.16;  68.29).  
      ,      
    ,          .
       ,  ,     
    1 . 2.3-9; . 32.19. [170, p.313].
           . ,
      .   ,   ,    
       .    
   ,      . [162, p.79,80].   ,
,        , -    
         , -     
        (.  30.15-20).     ,  
       ,   ,  
,              
  .  [141, p.500].  ,    
        ,       
    ,           
        . [151,
p.138,139].   ()  -  , 
   ,   , ,  
    : "...        ,
         ,  -     "
(. 22.8).
       ,   , - ,   ,
                ,  
            
     !   ,
    ,   a   .



             ,
       .
       ,      200 . 
..     , : "...        
,       ,  ,  
 " (4.19).
                
             ,  ,
,  II  .  .. [172, p.1076]. -   : "
    ,        ; ,    ,
          .   
   ,      ,    
     .       ,   
    ,    -    ,      
 .        - ,     -  ,  
  - .         : 
 ,   " (33.10-14).
                   ,  -
           . 
,        ,         
,      -    : "    
            .  ,  
     .      :
  ,   .     ,   
,      ...        
    " (15.14-17,20).
           : "...  ,  
;  ,     :  .    
,     " (9.5,6).
              
 . , ,    ,  
   ,     14.1-5; 19.1-5 
..
              ,  ..  
        .  
 (I .   ..)    (I-II .    ..)  ,  
            ,   .
 (     ).
                    
 .
      3.9-11: ", ,    ,   
,    ,         .
    ,     ,         .  
 - ..." [87, .26; 173, p.655].
             "    ",  
"    "       13.10,11: "...
    ,          .    
 - ..."
        -      ,    9.4: "...     
 -    ".
        "",    ,   
 ,       .
      3.3: "    ,   ,     
?"
       ,      -   .     ,  
   .
      4.13:  "  ,      -     
!"
      5.3: "    ,   -  ".
         -      
       .
      10.2,3: "        ,  
   ,   ,     
,     -  ".
     . .  ',       .  ,    
 ...



                     
,          
:  "          ,        
  ". [144, p.129].       (I-II . 
..)    ( 3.15): " ,  
        ". [37,  .879].   3.20
            ,
      : "      
    :   ,      ,    
     ..."  [75, .12].       ,
  ,   ,   ,  ,
    ,     ,   
  ,         (. . 5).
      :   
 ,        (,  .
26.16). [37, .879].
        ,      ,  
 (  ),    II .   .. - I . 
..,    ,            
  .
        .
     "  "  ,5-7:  "...  -   !   ,
   ,       ?  , 
   ,   ,     ()   ?
 ,       ,    ,     
?" [102, .210].
       ,      
 -   ,      .
            
    .   . 9.
     " "  XI,17-22:  "    ,    
   .  ,   ,     
         ...     
  ()      ?..    -  , 
,          ().        
 ?    ?"
     ,    (    )   
.
     " "  ,15-19: "...  ()    
     ,       ...   
           ...          
<...>            ,       
...     ,    ,   ,   
...   ,      ..."
       ,  ,  ,       
           .
     ,  " "    ""
  .           
    " "  " ".
                        
?    ,         
.  ,  , ,     
,              
    .  [101,   .286].     ,     
    ( ""),      
    , - , , ,       
.
       (I .  .. - I .  ..),  ,
           
            
,          ,
      .             
  ,  ,       .
[170, p.150].
                     
  ,            
,            ,     
   .
      - (XI .)   ,     
      .       ,
           
.   (XI-XII .),    , 
      ()       (
  ),       .   -   
      ,    ,         ,   
    -   .    -  (XII .)
,         ,    
,     -      .        
 (       ),   
 (  ). [37, .880].
                
      ()    XII  .  
         ,        
       : "   
     ". [170, p.272].    
  ,      :    
   .          
  :  " ,  ,  ,      
 , ,    (    
!),        ...      
    ,   
            ,  
        ,   ". [89, .206,207].
                 ,
 ,  ,   ,     
       , ,  
,        , - 
     .         
  ,      .          
,     ,       
  ,    .        
       ,    
(     ),      
,      .



       ,           
       .      
   , ,  ,   
.        (  )     
     .       ,
               ,      
.              
.   .  ,    "  
 ,     ". [118, .2, .521].



       ,         (  
 "" ),        .   
 ,   ,      ,
               ,      
-   .
                    :
,  ,  ,  ,    (.
8.29,30),   (. 2.4),   (2 . 1.21)   ..    
  "       ",       ,
    ,          ,  
    :  "...          
,       ,            
.  ,     ,       ".  [45,
.679].               ,
      .       (pronoia),
     .   pronoia       
,  ,   .  13.14,         "" 
""    -            
.  (   ,   .  38.2; 42.3,    
   "",      
).         ,       
 .  ,    -  .  [92,
.2, .12].   ,       
      (. 6.25-34),       (.
103). ,      ,    .  
       .
            I-II  .    "
"          ("", .1;  "
", . XVII-XX; "" ,  .2, VI,1-2).     -  
      ( I,10,28),  ("    ",
.7),    (" "  III,23). [90].     "
" ,            
             , 
  . [167, II,5].
                       
   . ,  ,    
     " ",    , 
          ,  
 ,    "  ,    ,   -
  , , ,   ,    
               
    ".  ,       
,   : "     , 
           ...    
          ".
[80, .36,37].
                 ,  
 ,      ,      ,  
         ""   (" 
     ...      "),  
      ,      
    .     ,    
                ,      
   (,  ,       )
    .   
                 ,
  .
                  
 ,          .
       ,       
     :             
    .          
   .  [80, .172,173].        V .
: "...          ,  ,
(),          (
 - . .), ,        
  ". [33, .58].
           "    ",
         : " :
" "  "  ",       
        .    ,  ..
?  ,      ,    ,
  ...  :    ,    ,    
  ". [44,  .804,805]. ,    
     , -       
   (    ),   -  ,
   ,    ...      
   .
                 
       ""?         
?              
            ,    ,
    IV .
       ,     
      ,     ,    
       -        ,   ,
    .           
        ,  ,  ,    ,
     .    
       : "    
    ,       ,      
    ,     ,
 ...         ,  
,    ,    ". 
     ,      
,     "  "  .    
,        ,    
        ""   ""  .
     ,     .    
         
   . [62, .225; 63, .298; 112, .164].
                   :
"...   . ...     , -  
      ;  ,      
,      ,                  
". [39, .5, .184].  ,       
, ,               
 ,    . [112, .231].   
  : ,  ,    
  ,         ,  ..  
     , ""      
...  [39,  .5, .32,33].         ,
       : "   , -   ,  , 
;     -    ,   -   ,
 -  .   , -    ,  
  ,         ,    
.   ,  - ,     ,
 ;   , -      ".
[39, .3, .395].
     ,   ,     ,  
    -      ,           -  
 .



        (354-430 .)         
  .   ,     , -  
       .
                     
  .   ,     ,
      .             
   ,        
. [143,  p.773].  ""   (   ) 
        .  [131,  p.74  ff.]. 
""  ,  ,       .
       ""     ,
           
,     .
             .      (
     ),   "  "  
         .   
      (   ):           
,   -        
,          .   
      :     
                   ,  
         .   
    ,          
      (   ).
   ,  , , ,
   ,        ,
  ,    ,                
.     ,       
.         
          .       
 ,         
 ?  ,          
  .   ,   ,   
   ,            
       . [71, .378].    ,
   ,  ,     
 ,           ,   
   ,           
.
          "  "  (413-426 .)
  : "...        
 ,   ,   ( )  
  ,   .    ,   ".
[3,  V,10].          .
,          - "   "
XXII,1;         - "   
 ",  .3  (426-427 .);     ,   
     ""        ,  
   ( , .33). [130, p.444,458].
        , ,          
,          ,      
,     " ".   
"   ,      ,   
        ,    ,
        ,           
  ,    -   ,   ,   
    ,      ". ("    "
IV,16) (419 .). [132, .544].
                ,  
,          . 
 V .             
   .        ,  ,
"  " (414 .),      ,
    .      
.
     "...    ,       ...  ,
,       ..."
     "  ...      ,   - 
     ..." [83, .598,599,604].
                 
     ,      ,    
  -  ,     .   
      .
     "... ,        , 
 ,     ...    
 ..."
     "    ,    ,    
,                   
". [83, .617,629].
     ,          .
 ,    -   , 
      .      :  
      , ,    
.          ,       
         .        
     "  ",    
     .   392  .    
  ,   ,  380-381 .,   I
      .   IV  .
    ,     -  .
                 
    . [54, .98].
        ,     V  .,      
        ,       
   ,       . 
 -     (,  "  " V,1),
     ,        ,          
,    ,       
    ,  ""   .
  ,    ,        ,
  ""        ? 
,    ,      ,    
     ;        
,   '        
,    ,  . [130, p.439].
       ,         
,        .         
    ,      ,    ,   
   ,         
.                  
 .          
,                 
. [154,  p.370].           ,
 "",   -    ,
         ,   
        .
              ,  "    "
(428-429 .), ,   ,  : "- " 
"  "      ,  -         
    .   : "...  ,   ,
;   ,     ,   .   ,
          ... , 
   ,  ,    , 
". [130, p.503,504].        
    :  "...       ,
   ,       -    ,  
,     ,     ,  -   ,   , 
 , ,  , ". [4, .554].
         ,       
.    ,     ,  ,    
,        :     
  .            ,  
     418 .  431 .,  .  ""
        .      - ,   
      .   -  
 ,         .    - 
 ,       .   
  -  ,   ,    
   .
            V .    
.             
. [70,  .199].     ,    ,    
         .         
           ,    -  
 . [145, p.943].       
        ,   
             "".  
-          ,        
      " "   
     . [136, p.138].   
   XVI              ,
     .     
        .



      ,    ,   V .  ..,  
   -      ,
   " "  (  "", 
"").             
,               
-        .   , 
,    ,       . 
   ,   ,    ,   
    .    ,    
,   ,     . , 
      ,          ,  
  ,      
. [118, .1, .695; .2, .363].
          "     , 
  "   :  "   
    :     
    ,          ;  
    ...    -  ,
   ,  -           ". [34,
.129,130].
      ,     ""  "" 
      .   ,
        ,            
  .     ""       
 ""        .  [62,
.225,226].    -      , ..  
" "     ,    , 
  ,    ,    . 
       ,  " "
        ,       
  .



                
        .          
""          .  ,        
(,              -
),          
  .     "",
  ,       .



        ,  -   ,  
       610-632 .       
,         . 
      ,        
  ()         .      
 ,         
   .    -       
 (  . ).
      9.51: "      ,   ,  
 .  -  !" [56, .166].
       6.59:  "...     ,      
,    ,       ".
       2.5,6:  ",  ,     , -     ,
      ,  -     .    
    ,     - .   -  !"
                        
.    .
      5.45: "...   ,        
   .   - ,      ,    
 .       - ,       -
 ".
      6.39: "  ,    ,   , 
   ".
        ,   "", "
 "  "" .
       6.133,134:  "    ,    ;     
,        ,   ,  , 
      .  , ,   ,
,       !"
          ,   ,   
   .  -      ,       
    ,         
    ( 56.11-25;  78.31-35).       
,        .
      47.4-7: "    ,   ,  - 
  ;       ,     .
   ,  ,      ...    ,
     , -          : 
             ,   
  ".
       ,        
,            .   
      ,   ,  
           .    ,   
.      :       ,
       ?  ,    ?
,            ,    
 -      ,        .
,       ,      
  ,   .  ,           
,          .  
  ,    ,        , 
      (       
,         ).          
"  "   ,              
        .  
       : ", ,
  , !  ,  ,  , !   -   
 , ...,     ..."
                     
,         , 
   -   .
      2.221: " ()    ,         
           ,  -  
,  !"
      3.286: "        ,   
.  -  ,    ,    -  ,    
".
         , -,       
   -       .
      30.8: "...   ,   ,     
!"
     ,    ,                
-   ,             
   ,       .  
          .   
, ,       ,
             ,    
    .



               -
 VII .    ..           
   , ,  .   
,        ,    
""  :    ,  
,           ...    
,  ,      112-   ,    
            ,    
,    .6.4 (" "):

      112
      ()
        , !
     1. : " -  - ,
     2. , ;
     3.      ,
     4.       !"

          -     
       -           
  .          
.         , -,  
        "",   , 
.         " ":   
  ... ,    ,  
     .   ,   ,  
     -        .
       (IX-X  .),        , :
"     ,       ,  
        .  
         ,  ,   
,   ,     ". [9, .2, .729].
       (IX-X  .),             ,
           . 
 ,       ,      -
  ,           . [72, .66;  140,
p.795].
                  , 
       .   VII-VIII . 
         ().  ,
        , 
.               
  .   ,      VII-IX .   
,    ,    .   ,   "",
,       ,    
     .  [48,  .57,125].       
    -      .   
        ,    
      .
      ("", "") -    
          .   
        :      
  -      ,      ""  ,  
       ,      ,       
      .       
94-  37- :  "     ,    ". ,
        ,     
  (       ),    
   . [140,  p.795].      
 ,              "
".  ,    ,  ,    
       .         
: ",  - ". [48, .134].
        ,              
,  ,               
 : "     -    
,     ,    -    
 ". [97, .37].
                 
  : "       ". [140, p.796]. 
,  ,        
  ,  ,   , -      
.         -    
.         .   
,   ,       -  
     .
        " " XI  : "
   ,            , 
  : " ,    "  " ,  
".     ,  ..."
              .    
-      ,     .    :
"       ?" - ",    
", -  . [7, .201].
           ,        .
        :  "      
      ?";  " ,    
 ?"; "      ,       
 ?"      ,   
   . " ,  -  , - ,    
  !" [42, .322,323].
              : "
       - ,   
 ?" - ", -   , -      !" [42,
.323].
      ,    "--", 
         .*



                   
      .          ,   
""           
    - ,   
 .  ,     
  , ,     
       XI  (  
      ),    
   .



                 ,  
  .
     praedestinatio  -  .          
   .
     gratia -  .  ,    ,    
    : gratia communis ( , 
  ), gratia  peculiaris (  ,    -  
 -   ), gratia cooperans ( ,
,     ,    ).
     liberum arbitrium -    ( ).    
   .
     causa  efficiens   -  ,        nexus
causalis   (   ).      "   ",     
,   -    .   
        - post hoc ergo
propter  hoc  ("        "),  '
       .
     causa  instrumentalis    causa  secundae  -     ()
  .           
  ,      ( 
),        ""  
.
     praescientia  -  .       
,              
,   ,     ,  
,   ,    .
     providentia   -  .       ,     
        ,    ,
   , .          
 ,          
.
           ,   
 . Amor fati -     () -     
   , ,   , ,    
 .
         " "         
  ,      .
       (VI .)        " ",
       .   -
,  ,       
.          ,    
    .       ()  
,     :  "..., 
    ,           ,  
".  [16, V,4].         "    
",   ,         , 
 -  (V,6).
        (IX  .)       " 
"         .   
                
 "  ".      ,
,                 
,   ,      ,
        ,      ,    
   .     ,
       ,     
    .   ,  ,   
  ,              
,    .    . 
           ,    ,
         .     
. [91, .378; 136, p.141].
       -     " ",
, ,       "  ". 
    .     
""         .        
         
      .     
      ,     ,   
           .  
  -   " ", , ,  
.
         - ,          
      . ,    
      ,      ,        
         .      
     .      "  "  (295b) , 
  ,              
 -       ,    
,    ,     ,  
      - ,   
    . [10, .3].    
       . , , 
  " " :

         , 
            
          ;
           
      ,  ;
           .
     [31, "", IV,1-6].

                   ,    
.    ,       
           - 
""    ""  :  ,         
   ,         
.                     
       ,    
  ,        
  ..
                .
           .    
         
  ,   ,      
,       .
        (XI-XII  .)    "  "
: "    ,  ,    ,
              
  ;  , ,         ,  
        - ". [8, II,209,27].
         , 
   :         
         . 
     ,     .     
,    : " -  
 ,  ,  ""   , 
 . , ,   -    ". [92,
.2, .101].
                (XII  .). Liberum
arbitrium     -     ,  
   .      : 
,    ,   .        
  ,    , 
  .         
  ,             - "
 ",      . [14,
. 269-286].
       (XIII .), doctor angelicus (" "), 
    ,         ,    
       .     -
    ,       ,  
          
(),          .  [118, .2, .523]. 
, 
     (         )      
     ,      .  
,  ,    . [134, p.51].
     ,  doctor angelicus,    ,   
   " ": "    ,   
,   , ,  , ,   
    ".  [174, Q.83,  A.1].   ,  
 ,   "" ,  ,
     .     ,    
  (Q.19, AA.5,8). ,   , 
   .     ,        :
"     ,       ;     
  ,      " (Q.22, A.2).
       ,     ,  
      ,        (Q.23,
A.5).            .  
   ,         (Q.23,
A.3).               ,    
:      ,     "",  
" ",     .     ,  
 -  .      
  (      )      (  
,         -   ).    ,
         .   ,
"    "                
     ,       ,
      .     -   
,   !   amor fati     
 XIII .
          doctor subtilis (" ")
   (XIII-XIV .)    ,   , 
    .       ,
 ,         -   ,  
 . [161, p.330]. C       :
"        ". [118, .1,  .494]. 
   ,    ,     ,  
  -   -          .    
         .  [92,
.2, .173].
             XIV-XV  .  "Via  moderna"     "Schola
Augustiniana  moderna"          ,    
    .    ,      
,   'A,      ., ,      
    .          , 
  ,         ("    
").         ,     ,  
   ,       ,   
  "".  , "Schola Augustiniana moderna",  
  ,    ,
    .  ,      
      . [69, .99-110].
             "     "   .
,             
  ,           .    ,
  ,            
  ,      "  ".   ,  ,  
,      , "  ".   
,    ,  ,  ,     ,  
,    ,     ,      
       .
         -    
     .  ,   XVII
    ,      ,  
          .         
   ,     
  .  [142,  p.269].     XVI-XVII    
,          (
 )   (    ).
           ,  
        ,   
  - ,          
                .  [169,
p.710-713].
      ,           
     ,            
,       .     
  (gratia efficax),    ; 
          (gratia sufficiens),  
        , ,       , 
      .  [127,  p.656].       ,
,      . ,  ""
         ""    ,
     ?       ,  ""  (
 )         
   .          
   .
                     .
   ,  ,      ""
      "",        
         .      
 ,    1  . 23.1-13;  . 30.15-20; .
11.21; 23.37,        .
,   . 11.21     ,        
         ,      
,          "    ".   
  ,          .
        " " (scientia media),  ..
          
.
       ,         
  -  ,  ,    
,          ,   
  .         
      ,        ,   
 -  .  (Sess.VI,  cap. I,V). [169, p.261].  
  1607 .,        , 
   ,      
          .    
  ,       .
[147, p.171,180].



               , , 
     ()    ,  
      .              -
     ,      
               .    ,
  ,         ,  
,      (,       ,
          ).    
 ,   V .,      
     .
      ,   V  .,    "" 
"" .      , ,  
     .      , 
,      -  , , ,  
   , "       
". [113, .173].
                     
,           .   
 , ,   ,  ,  
        ,    
" ",   .
           "",      
,        (VII  .)      
    .         ,
 .    - ,   ,
     .           -
   . [47, . 26, . 110].
            ,   ,
       ' (theosis).     
  .         ,
           " ",   "  
".  v     ,      ,
,  ,      (kenosis).
        (VII  .)    ""   ""
(gnome -  ,  )   .      
   ,   " ",   
         .  ,      
   .                 
.    ,       ,
  ,    ,  
  ,       . [73,  .307-309].    
,  "  "              
  .   -     
            .    
   ,          
     ,    ,   ,
  , e . [62, .176].
        (VIII  .)       ,
            .  
    : "    -     
,   -    ,      
      ".    
                 
.     ,       
     .      
,           
- .          
      .         ,
  ,             .
        ,       .
      , , ,  
     .    ,    ,
      ,          
       .   ,    
,  ,     .  " , -  
, -      ,       .   
  ,     ,    .   
,      ,          .
        ,  
". [46, .115].
           (XIV .)    
    : "     , 
     ,          .  
,          
,          .   ,
      ,       
   ,       .     
,      ,       
   ". [62, .187].
        ,    ,      (.
1.28,30),               
.   ,        -: ", 
;      " (. 38).
                
      XV        
    .        ,
    .    ,   
   ,        
    (heimarmene),    ,      
(   )         .   
-        (anagke)   
  (eleutheria).    ,          
      "". [49, .3, .240].
                  
,  ,  ,
   XVII .    ,  
,      . "  "  
     1672 .     
 - .
                   :
"         -   -    
,          ; ,   , 
  ,        ,  
     ,      . ,
   ,      ,        
". [94, .161, 162].
           :  ,       
 ,           .   ,
       ,          , 
 ... [93, .474].
                     
  .     ,  ,  
          : 1.         
;  2.      .  ,     
,    ,    ,   , -
 -,   -.
                       
      (jus).          
    ,       ,  ,
.                ,  
-     . [94, .15-17].
,      ,     
   ,           .     
"  - ",  ,  ,  
    .      "  -  ", 
          :  ,  ,
 ,  , ,  ...        
     ,  "  -     ".  -
  ()      .
                       
           :  "    -
".     ,       .
              . 
,    ,      -  ,  ,  
,      ,   , 
   ,   .
     ,        ,   
 .  ,  ,      
    .      ,     -
.  ,               
.            
.
               ,
      "",         
.                     
 .         
   .     ,    
   ,           
,     -   .  ,  ,  
   "",   "".   ,   
 ,        
 -   e.



        (XIV .)     
              
.  [137,  p.367].      ,       
         ,       
   ,      ,  ,      
.  [124, .549,560].      
    " ",  ,   
,    ,         
 .



     ,         .
            "" ,  
     (     )  
              
. [69, .65].
        ,   ,   ,
 .  ,       ,
                   
   .       
XVI    "   "    
,  ,  ,     . " ,  -
     , -   ,    ,   
    ,    ?     
,   ,      ,   
?" [124, .149].
            , 
      :  """,  "",  ""  -  
 ,   . "", "-" -  ,  
".  [124,  .184]. ,    ,   
   .
        ,         , 
              
.            
.           ,  
     ,  -  
.        (XV-XVI  .)  
     ,   ,      ,  
     . ""   .
 ,  .       ,  
,     ,       (  ,
  "" !),             
.    ,    ,       
 . [92, .2, .315].



     ,  ,  1524 .   ,  .
   -   ,     . , 
       ,   ,    ,  
     . , 
         "".       
  .                  
,  ,  ,  ,    ,      
.    1520  .      ,        41
    .         
?    ,      (,  
    ),             "
 ",  ,     .
     ,           -      
.         .   
   ""              .
     ,    ,
  ,     .
                   ,
   ,      . 
    ,      
  1521  .        "  ",      
             .  
",              ",  "  I"   
"  II",    1524-1527 .,    
 .         
         ,    
        ,       
  : "         
". [159, p.51, 68].      XVI      
"" ,     , -   
  (, ,    ).
            ,    
    ,          -
 .
            .     
  . , ,       
           1519 .  
     ,   ,        
  ,  ,   ,   .  
  .    ,      .        
     ,        ,
        .    ,         
      ,     .  [69,  .153].
    1525 .     "" .
     "        "   
         .    
 -  ,      " ". [179,
p.271].               "   "  
 ,        
      . [180, p.158].  
  ,     ,  
      , ,    , 
          ,   ,
          .  ,      
         : "   
,        ". [180, p.151,  189].
       ,       
   (4 . 20.6),  ,     
   ,     : " , ,
   ...       (  
! -  ..)     ,      
 ". [180, p.206].      
    ,     
       "  " (amor fati).
            ""     
,           .  
      :  "  -  ".  "...   
,         ?    ,  
,    -    , -      ,    
  ?!     ,        ,
   ,            ,      
?!   ,         
  ?!    ,       ,
  ,  ,      ?!   
,     ?!" -  . [124, .241].
           ,    ""  ,       
    .         , 
 .   ,       -
  , , ,   - , 
 .
     , ,    ,    
    .    . 
      .   ,    
   ,      ,    
     .        
  ,          .    ,  
  ,          .
    ,          .      
     -   . " ,
          , 
,      ", -     .
[124, .281].
     ,            ,              
-          
.  "...  , -   , -      
  (), ,       ,
,        ,       
    ,    ,        
,     ,         ?
        : "  
  ,      ?      ,  
,     "". [124, .277,278].
      ,  ,   ,      
,  .       "",      ,
        '   
.                  "
"    .  -   , 
  ,     ,    ,     .
           ,
      ,      , 
 .    ,   ,    
 (    ,      )   .  ,
    ,         .   
 ,       ,    
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.  25.36)           .
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477].
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[77, .320; 95, .370, 371].
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  )      ,  
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    ,      .
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-      ,        . [104,  .2,
.630-635].
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[106, .109-111, 157].
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      .  [12,  .21-63,180].  
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    .  [13,  .16-21].        
  : ,     .   
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  .  [13,  .59, 265].      ,  
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      ,      ".  [13,  .324].
<...>

     (          - ""  
: titel@mail.ru)



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     *             
XXX-  "   " :  "  (): ",
     ,             
  ?"  -   (    ):  ", !" -
: ",   -  ,   -   , 
 ?"  -  :  ",      ,      
  ,         ." ... - : "  
,      ,    
,    , ,  ,    ?"
- : "...,  ,    .  
      .""


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