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() , , . - , , - . 131 __________________ | |-------- ------------------  _____________________ _____________________ | | | -| | | | -| --------------------- |. |  --------------------- | __________________ | | | | | | ------------------ | |   __________________________________________________ |   | | |  _____________| | | ___________________ | || | | | | | || | |----------|| | || | | | | | || | | ------------------- -------------| | |   | | | _________________________________ | | | | |   | | | | | | ------ ---- | | | -----------|| || || | | | --------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------- .12. . , , , - , 1- , 1, .83. - () () . ------=1 (1) : + -------------=1 (71) - - (;; 132 ; - , ;, - ; ). - ( , ,- ). - . . .15 " - ", 1978., - . . 126 , - . - - - (.62,.17). : . 1. ( ) , (- : -). 2. - ( .,- ), , , - (-). 3. , - , (-- ). 4. - (-). - . - - . - - - (. 68,.3). , - 10 (.62,.27). . - - 133 9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | | | | || | | | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| | | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| ||-|-|.| | |.| |-| -| -|- | |-|-| | |.- | | - | | | | |----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------| | ..:-| ..:-|..-| ..:-| ..: | ..:-| | |. | | -|.-| |.| | |. ||-( |.| |-| | |- | | ) | - | | | | |----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------| |-|.| |-|- ||-| |-;|| | -| -|-|;| | |- | | | | | | |----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------| |-|- | ||-|-| | |. | - |-|.-| ;| -|-| |- | | || | | | |----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------| |.| |.|.| - |-|.| | ; | |-|.| | -|| | | | || | | | |----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------| |.| | .-.|.| -|-| . | | ; | |-|-| ;| -|.| | | || | | || |----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------| | | | |- | |-| | |-;| | ;| | | -| | | | | | -| | | | | | | | | | | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 134 . - , . . . 10 ___________________________________________________ | | |-------------------------------------------------| | | | | |-------------------------------------------------| | | | |-----------------------|-------------------------| | | | | | | | |------|--------|-------|------|---------|--------| |-|-|||-| |.| -| | -| | | |-| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | --------------------------------------------------- . (.62,.32-35) 1. . - , - . - - - . 2. . . , , - - . 3. . - - . 4. . 135 ( ). , , . 11(.62,.35) . 11 ___________________________________________________ | | |-------------------------------------------------| | | | |------------------------|------------------------| | | | | | -| | | | | | | | | | --------------------------------------------------- - - . , . - - , " - " . 39-43. 1. - . 2.- - - - . - . 3.- - - . 4. - . 136 . 5.- - , - - . 6. - . , - , , . - - . (.62,.96) 12 .137. - . ,, , - .... - , - ., - , - - - . , , - . - . , 12. , , - 80- ., . : - , . - - . 137 . 12 ---------------------------------------------------- || | |-|-------------------------------------------| || |||-|-|| |-| | | |-|-| | |-| | | | | | | |------|------|------|------|------|------|--------| |-|-|-|-|.|-|-| | |-|- |-|.|- | | |-| | | | -| | | | | | | |-| | | | | | | || | | | | | | |-| | | | | | | |-| | | |------|------|------|------|------|------|--------| |-|- |-|-|-|-|-| | | | |- |- | | | |- | | | | | | | |. | | | | | | | |------|------|------|------|------|------|--------| |-|-|-|-|-|- |-| | | |-|- | | | | |-| || |-| | | | | | | | | | | |------|------|------|------|------|------|--------| |-|-|-|-|.|-|-| | |-|- |-|-|- | | || | |- |. | | | | | | | |-| | | | | | | |-| | | | | | | | | | | ---------------------------------------------------- 4.3.2. . - .13(..132). - (80,.76). .13 - , - 11 9. 138 4.3.2.1. . - - , . - , - - - , - . - (), - - . .72-76 : 1. 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(68,.84-85)- - (..13,.133-135) - . , - 139 __________ || ---------- 4- . - - . ____________________________________________________ | | | | | |||| | |----------|-------------|----------|--------------| | - |.--| | -| |-|-. | |. .| | |..|-|.- | |- |..-|,-|. .| |.-|. |,-| . | | .| -|.-|| |.|.-|.| | | - |.-. |.| | |.|.|-|. . | |.-|.|. .| . | |.-|-.-|. |-| |.. |.-|. | _-| | |,,|.-| -| | |,-|.-. | -| | |-. | -| -| | |.- | - |..-| | | |..|. | | | |.| | | | |.| | ---------------------------------------------------- .13. . 140 - . 13 ___________________________________________________ | | | |------------------------|------------------------| | 1 | 2 | |------------------------|------------------------| | , . | | -| --| | -| . | | -. | | | | | - | | -| -| | | | | -| -| | . | . | | -| | | | -| | | . | | | | | . | | | . | | -| -| | |.-| | | | | -| -| | | .| | . | -| | | .| | . | | -| | |. | -| |--| | | . | | | | . | | . | | -| -| | | | |. | | | .| | | - | | | | | | . | | | | | 141 ___________________________________________________ | 1 | 2 | |------------------------|------------------------| | . | | | | | --| -.| | | | | -| -| | | . | | -| | | -| -| | -| -| |. | | | | | | | | | | .|( | | -| - | | -|). | | . |. -| |. | . | | , -| | | ,| | | -|(, ,| | .|) . | | | | | | | | | --| | | . | | () | | () | | -| | | | | | ( | | |), |( - | |( ). | -| | |, - -| | | ). | | | | . | | . | | | | | -| | | -| | | . | | |. | | 142 ___________________________________________________ | 1 | 2 | |------------------------|------------------------| | . | | | | | | | -| | | -| | | | ( | |. -| -| | -| -| |_.|). | | .| | | . | | -| -| | | | | -| | | -| . | |- .| | |.| | | | | |. -| | | -| | | | | --------------------------------------------------- , , . , - , - , - - . - - - , 14 .136(.68,.127). .14 - , . - - , , - - . , , - ,- , - . -- 143 . - - , - ( , ). . , .15, .137 (.69,.285) . ______________ ____________________________ | | | | |------------| |--------------------------| |-|-|--------|------------------------ | |- | | | | | | || | | | | | -| | _______ | | |-|-.- |--------|--------------||  | |- | | |_____________ ------- | | | |.| ------- || | | | | |-|,| || ||| | | | |-|-,||-|||-----------| | | | | |-| |.| || |----- | | | | |.| |-| ||- | | | | | |------------| | | ||- | | | | | | | ------- ||-----------| | | | | | | || . |-- | | | | -------------- || | |    |  ||-----------| ____________| ______________ ||  | | ||| | | ||-----------| |-|| -------------- || | | ||  || | |-|| ------------------|| | | || |------------- ------------| ---------------------------- .14. ( - ). 144 _____________________________ | | | | ----------------------------- | . ------------------------------------------- |  | |-----------------------------------------| | | | | | | ----| ||------| |------- | | -|.. ||-- || ||| |    | || ||-||----------- ----- ----- -----| ||||-| ||1-||-2|| ||-----||----------- ----- ----- -----| || |----------------------------|-| -----|| |------|--------- 4 1 | | | ||-----| | | ------- ___| | | --||| | | ||   |  | || |-------- --- |.| --- ---| ----------|------- 5 |-| 2 3 | | || | --- || --- ---| |-|| |  -------   | |. || | ----------------------| | || | |-  | ----------| ---------------| -| | | | | |    | | | 6 7 8 | | | . | | | | ------------------------------------------- .15. . .15 - : 1 - ; 2 - ; 3 - ; 4 - - . 5 - ; 6 - ; 7 - ; 8 - . 145 .15 - - (). : ,- ; , . : - - - , - - (). - . () - - , , . - () - ,- - , . - - . -