|,-| -|,-|-| |, -| -| -| -| | - | | | -| | | | | | ---------------------------------------------------- 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 -------------------------------------------------- | 5. | | ()| -------------------------------------------------- .6. 113 , - , ()- - , - - . - , - , - (,,, ,, , , ,, , ). ,, - (,, - ). 4- - , - (,- ,, ). 2- - . : 1. , , . 2. ,- . 3. - . - - : =2-1 +2-2 +2-3 +2-4 = 2-1 + 2-2 + 2-3 + 2-4 (53-57) 2 =2-1 +2-2 +2-3 +2-4 +2-5 +2-6 +2-7 2 = 2-1 + 2-2 + 2-3 + 2-4 + 2-5 + 2-6 + 2-7 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 - , 4- 5" ". 2-1- 114 1- ; 2-2- 2- ; 2-3- , 3- - (, - ). 2-4- , - (, , ; .,,,- , ;, - .); ,2-1--2-4 - , - 6- ; 2- - - ; 2-1--2-6 - - ; 2 -, - - ; 2-1--2-6- , - . ,1-6 - - , , 3- . , , , ( 41,42,43,49,51), - - - . 115 4.2.3. (..7,.109) - , - - - , . , (.76-77). , - - - , : ,, , . , - - , - - . , , - . - . - - . - . . - . - , , - . ( ) - - ( - ). .7 7 , . 1. . 116 | (4)| ------------------------------------------------- | ------------------- | |7. -| |----| ,| | | -| | | | | -------------------   ----------------------- | 6. , | ()| .., | --------| -| --------| |-------- | ----------------------- |     ------------- ------------ ----------- ------------ |1.-| |2.-| |3.| |4.-| | -| | -| | | | -| | | | | | | | -| | -| | | | | | | | - | | | | | |-| |. | | | | | | | ------------- ------------ ------------ -----------     | ----------------------- | | |5. -| | ---------| |-------- | | | | -----------------------  __________________________________________________ | (4)| .7. 1.1. - . : - ;- ;; ( , ); ( , - 3 , , ; ; - 117 , ); , . 1.2. . : - 3 , ,,- ,, , - - , - ;, - ;-- , . 1.3. . :,, . 1.4. - . : (- ), - ,, ,- . - "" . - . 2. - 5" - ". - . - , - , - . - (4). 3. - , , , , - (). 4."" - - . 118 : 58.4=4-1+4-2+4-3+4-4+4-5+4-6+4-7 59. 4= 4-1+ 4-2+ 4-3+ 4-4+ 4-5+ 4-6+ 4-7 6. 4 = 4 + 4 61.4=4-1+4-2+4-3+4-4+4-5+4-6 +4-7 62.4=4-1 +4-2 +4-3 +4-4 63. 4 = 4 + 4 64.4=4-1+4-2+4-3+4-4+4-5+4-6+4-7 65.4=4-1+4-2+4-3+4-4 66.4=4-1+4-2+4-3+4-4+4-5+4-6+4-7 67. 4 = 4 68. 4 = (4 + 4) : 2 69. 4 = 4 : 4 70. 4 = 4 : 4 : 4- ( - ) - ; 4-1--4-7- ; 4 - ,- 5- ; 4-1--4-7- , ; 4- - ; 4- , - - ; 4- , 5 - ,- 67; 4 - , ; 4- - ; 4- ; - , - - ; 119 4 - - - ; 4- - , - ; 4- ,- - , 67 - , . 4.2.4. 4.2.4.1. 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" :- - - - ; ;- ,- ; -- ; - , - ". .10 "" 4- .- "", - , - . . - -- , - ,,- - - . 4-"" " ", - , - . ,- . - - . -- 124 ---------- --------- -------------------- ||--||--|-| | | | | | | ---------- --------- --------------------  4- --------------------------------------     ---------------------------------------------------- | | | | | |||| | |----------|-------------|----------|--------------| || |.-.| .| | - |--||,-| |-|. - |- |,-| |. |.|-|,| || | |- - | || | -|.-| |.||.-|,,| |- |.-|.-| ,| |. | |:-|,| | . | | , | , | | | | |,| |- | |-|-| |.- | |,-| -| |. | | |,| | . | |,-| | | .| | -| , | || |. | . | | | |-| - | |.-| | | - | | -| |-| | | | | | | | | |. .| | | | |. | | | | | | | ---------------------------------------------------- .12. . 125 .- . - - . - (), - - . - , , - . , , . . 4.2.4.4. - , - ( ) .9. - . 5 : 1., - ( - - ). 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. . - 5- .- . 4.2.4.5. . , - . - 126 - , , - , , - - , - - - . , - .- , , - , , , . - , , , . - - , -, - . - - . , , - - . , , . 4.3. 4.3.1. . - .- ,- - - , , - . - 127 , . , - , - , ,- , - - - - . - - , , . - , - , -- . - , - , , , ( )- . , - , ,, - ( ) (-). ,- ,(- ) , ,- -. .. " - " .138 , - - :,- , . 8 . , 1987 , - , 128 . 8 --------------------------------------------------- |--| - | - |-| ||-|-| | |------------|------------|------------|----------| |--| - |- |--| | |-| |-| |------------|------------|------------|----------| |--|-| - |--| || |-|-| |------------|------------|------------|----------| | | - | - |--| | | | || --------------------------------------------------- . 8 "- ", . , , , - . , - , - - , - - - . - - , . 130 . , . - - . , - , , - . () - - , ..(62, .4) - " , - . : . - . . - . 129 . - . . - ,, , - . . . . - .