- .
, "" Linux . , , , . , . .
, : console-tools (. consoletools) kbd (. kbd).
   Linux  kbd
,       kbd   
 consoletools.
   
   -  kbd (   
 setfont -     ).
 ,        ,
  
   consolechars.    
      console-tools,   ,   
    setfont   
 kbd.
. , ACM (Application Charset Map). Unicode . ACM. SFM Screen Font Map. SFM ACM . SFM Unicode .
.
      
   512 .  ,  
        SFM.   
 ,  , fallback .  
       1, 2,... 
     "   ", 
 1    "   ",  2
    "<".    
fallback     
 .      
      
  graph.fallback,    
   :
+==================. | | +------------------+ | 1. | | 2. | .==================.
.
       
  Unicode.     
8    .      
 Unicode,   ,    
Unicode         Unicode.
    ACM  .   
    8    Unicode 
   unicode_start 
unicode_stop.
     :    
  ?        
   ?  ,  
 .     , 
        . 
       
  (  linux-koi8r),  
 ( )  - -   VGA,
    ,  
        ,   
 cp437 (   cp866 
cp437). 
       cp437
(cp866).
    ,    
8- .     Linux
   Unicode.       ACM, 
SFM.    8-  
 (screen map).     
    (
)   ( ).  koi2alt.trans
  KOI8-R   cp866.  , 
8- screen map       ACM.
     console-tools  kbd
  :
consolechars ( console-tools) 
 setfont  mapscrn ( kbd).loadkeys..
     /usr/share/consolefonts 
/usr/lib/kbd/consolefonts,  ACM, SFM  fallback 
/usr/share/consoletrans,   
/usr/share/keymap/i386/qwerty.
     
.    SFM 
fallback ,   ACM  8-  
.       ,     kbd 
console-tools   cp866   SFM.  
     
Linux    ,   
console-tools-cyrillic  .
, consoletools, (, ):
foo="//////" loadkeys $foo/ru.map consolechars -v -f $foo/Cyr_a8x16 -m $foo/koi2alt
Control ( "" Alt ).
Linux kbd . kbd.
kbd , , .
kbd :
loadkeys.      
 ,      
 ,     
(  Redhat  /usr/sbin/kbdconfig).
     loadkeys  
~/.profile    .
setfont.     /usr/lib/kbd/consolefonts.
:    Linux   setfont
 X-Window   .    
   .
    ,    
   PC  ( 
Midnight Commander),     
 Alt    
(console character map).  ,
    Alt ,   
,  KOI8-R ,  
  Alt    . 
    ,    
  Alt .
, .
loadkeys /usr/lib/kbd/keytables/ru.map setfont /usr/lib/kbd/consolefonts/Cyr_a8x16 mapscrn /usr/lib/kbd/consoletrans/koi2alt # echo -ne "\033(K"
echo -ne "\033(K"
for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7; do echo -ne "\033(K" > /dev/tty$i; done
-
, Alt . , . , , kbd.
, , .
   bash ( 
bash)
 tcsh ( 
tcsh)
-   ,
  ,        Control.
,            .
 'q'          "",  'w'
 "",  . (qwerty->).
  ,       
  Linux,   
     -    Alt 
Caps Lock -     .
, ( US) . :
loadkeys /usr/lib/kbd/keytables/defkeymap.map setfont /usr/lib/kbd/consolefonts/default8x16
: Linux , X-Window. , , X ( ), .
- , ESC-. :
:
$ echo -ne "\033c"
, :
# echo -ne "\033c" >/dev/ttyX
downloaded font
$ echo -ne "\033(K"
(, , ...)
- , curses,
$ stty sane
 RedHat    reset; setsysfont <ctrl-j>
reset -  ncurses
. 'man console_codes' 'man stty'