Andrej Bogatyrev. Paket kirilizacii Solaris 2.3
From: "Andrew S. Bogatyirev (Soft Eng)" (abs@opentech.olvit.ru)
==========
Dannyj dokument opisyvaet posledovatel'nost'
dejstvij sistemnogo administratora po ustanovke
paketa rusifikacii Open Windows dlya Solaris 2.3 i vyshe,
a takzhe funkcional'nye vozmozhnosti paketa.
Posle installyacii paketa vy mozhete prochest' etu instrukciyu po komande
man cyrillic
Paket podderzhivaet sleduyushchie kodirovki:
o KOI-8 (RFC-1489) - kotoraya ispol'zuetsya v elektronnoj pochte
(ISO 6937-8) seti RelCom, a takzhe istoricheski soderzhitsya
(GOST 19768-74) v ryade russkoyazychnyh programm dlya UNIX,
(IBM CP-878) proishodyashchih iz firmy "Demos".
Nedostatok etoj kodirovki tot, chto bukvy
raspolozheny ne v alfavitnom poryadke
(chto ne meshaet avtoram paketa ispol'zovat'
imenno etu kodirovku :).
KOI = Kod Obmena Informaciej.
Smotri:
xv $OPENWINHOME/share/images/cyr/koi8-r.gif
o ISO 8859-5 - amerikanskij standart na russkie bukvy,
prinyatyj bez kakogo-libo soglasovaniya
s russkimi programmistami. Zato eto standart.
Smotri:
xfd -fn timescyr-20
o Microsoft 1251 - kodirovka, kotoraya ispol'zuetsya v Microsoft Windows.
De-fakto standart na russkuyu kodirovku v mire PC.
Izvestna takzhe pod nazvaniem Cyrillic ANSI
i IBM CP-1251 (Code Page 1251)
(na samom dele eto ob®edin£nnyj korporativnyj standart
IBM i Microsoft).
o Upominaetsya takzhe kodirovka IBM CP-866, izvestnaya kak
"al'ternativnaya kodirovka dlya MS DOS",
odnako shrifty i raskladka klaviatury dlya ne£ ne podderzhivayutsya.
VNIMANIE!
Dannyj paket NE rabotaet s Solaris 1.x, Solaris 2.0, 2.1, 2.2
VNIMANIE!
POLNYJ nabor Adobe fontov i polnyj nabor vseh perechislennyh
programm mozhet byt' poluchen tol'ko na special'nyh usloviyah.
Obychnyj distributiv soderzhit sil'no urezannyj nabor Adobe fontov
i programm.
Avtor takzhe solasen vydat' besplatno ishodnye teksty otdel'nyh utilit.
ADRES DLYA KONTAKTOV:
abs@openwin.msk.su (Andrej Sergeevich Bogatyr£v - avtor)
balter@lvs.msk.su (Boris Al'terman - sales)
ssc@decart.npi.msu.su (Igor' Luk'yanov - sales)
OTVETSTVENNOSTX:
Avtor ne nes£t otvetstvennosti za rabotosposobnost' postavlyaemogo paketa
v neottestirovannyh s soglasiya i s uchastiem avtora prilozheniyah.
Pol'zovatel' imeet pravo testirovat' paket na primenimost' v
izbrannoj im prikladnoj sisteme, i v sluchae neudachi PROSITX
avtora o dostizhenii sovmestimosti.
Pol'zovatel' ne imeet prava TREBOVATX etogo i pred®yavlyat' pretenzii,
poskol'ku:
- paket testirovan dlya Solaris i v n£m garantirovanno rabotaet;
- avtor ne imeet vozmozhnosti (i zhelaniya) testirovat' vse na svete
prikladnye sistemy sam;
- avtor ne mozhet nesti otvetstvennosti za oshibki v chuzhih sistemah;
To est' avtor ne otvechaet za ispol'zovanie paketa ili ego komponent
dlya celej, ne predusmotrennyh pri ego razrabotke, i ne ogovorennyh
special'no s avtorom. Dopolnitel'nye vozmozhnosti ili oblast' primeneniya
mogut:
- byt' iniciativoj pol'zovatelya;
- avtor soglasen okazat' neobhodimye konsul'tacii i dat' sovety,
a takzhe okazat' posil'nuyu pomoshch';
- no ne garantiruet etogo i ne otvechaet za uspeh ili neudachu
dannogo meropriyatiya.
POLITIKA RASPROSTRANENIYA:
- Odna licenziya da£t vam pravo ustanovki paketa
- fontov: na ODNU mashinu.
- MOWcyrKit: na vse mashiny v odnoj lokal'noj seti.
- Nekotoraya chast' paketa yavlyaetsya "narodnym dostoyaniem" i
mozhet razdavat'sya iz ruk v ruki bez ogranichenij.
- SHrifty i ryad programm predstavlyayut soboj sobstvennost' ih avtorov
i NE MOGUT razdavat'sya svobodno.
Rastrovye shrifty razrabotany CHufarovskim (udarenie na 'o').
Masshtabiruemye shrifty razrabotany firmoj "Paragraf".
- Ryad programm postavlyaetsya v ishodnyh tekstah.
Vy imeete pravo modificirovat' i uluchshat' ih po svoemu usmotreniyu,
odnako avtor vydvigaet USLOVIE: vy dolzhny soobshchit' emu o tom,
chto vy sdelali (a eshch£ luchshe - i kak sdelali), daby avtor
smog vnesti uluchsheniya v original i tem oblagodetel'stvovat'
VSEH pol'zovatelej etogo paketa.
- Obnovl£nnye versii paketa prezhnie ego pokupateli mogut poluchit'
besplatno (no na svoj nositel'). Konsul'tacii - besplatno.
Pozhelaniya prinimayutsya s interesom (no net garantii, chto oni budut
realizovany NEMEDLENNO).
"YA delal etot paket ne dlya prodazhi,
a dlya sebya. Ezhednevno im pol'zuyus'."
Uspehov!
Andrej Bogatyr£v.
===========================================================================
Pardon.
No kodirovki KOI-8 i ISO-8859-5 v oblasti psevdografiki
vypolneny ne po standartu.
Massa neudachnyh reshenij prinimaetsya po istoricheskim prichinam:
snachala "tak bylo sdelano", a posle - len' peredelyvat'.
- Prichina istoricheskaya: takie fonty i tablicy perekodirovki byli
sdelany eshch£ do togo, kak ya prinyal v svoi ruki ves' etot proekt.
Plyus k tomu: vs£ eto bylo gotovo eshch£ do togo, kak poyavilsya RFC-1489.
- V ISO-8859-5 voobshche net psevdografiki.
Krome togo, ya ne raschityval na Ukrainu i Belorussiyu.
- V PostScript fontah psevdografiki takzhe prosto net.
- V Relcom novosti iz FIDO gejtuyutsya s PCshnoj psevdografikoj.
Fonty, ispol'zuemye u nas, sohranyayut etu psevdografiku,
togda kak RFC-1489 portit e£.
Takim obrazom, nasha tablica perekodirovki KOI-8 <==> CP-866
sootvetstvuet toj, kotoraya stoit na shlyuze Relcom <==> Fido,
hotya i ne sootvetstvuet standartu.
- Poryadok psevdograficheskih simvolov v RFC-1489 produman ploho,
tochnee govorya, ne produman vovse. On ne opiraetsya na CP-866,
vvodit svoj sobstvennyj poryadok, kotoryj, odnako, ves'ma ploh.
|tot poryadok sootvetstvuet Unicode, i, kak obychno, priduman
burzhuyami, kotorym bylo len' dumat' - lish' by kak.
Moi soobrazheniya o tom, kak dolzhna byla by vyglyadet' tablica
psevdografiki, vy mozhete uvidet' na kartinkah
xv $OPENWINHOME/share/images/cyr/idea1.gif
xv $OPENWINHOME/share/images/cyr/idea2.gif
- "koi8-r" (RFC-1700) est' neudachnoe nazvanie dlya codeset,
poskol'ku v Solaris okonnaya sistema ne v sostoyanii ispol'zovat' takie imena.
V pare
...-encoding-registry
ona trebuet, chtoby registry bylo cifroj,
v to vremya kak v "koi8-r" bukva "r" - eto bukva, a ne cifra!
Inache zhe etot font otvergaetsya.
Esli vs£ eto odnazhdy vyzovet u kogo-nibud' neudobstva,
ya gotov izmenit' poryadok bukv v fontah
i tablicy perekodirovki odnogo codeset v drugoj.
Izmeneniyu podvergnutsya:
- raskladka simvolov v rastrovyh i Type1 fontah;
- tablicy perekodirovki iz odnoj kodirovki v druguyu
i vse programmy (make'em), pol'zuyushchiesya etimi tablicami
(vse, kto sozda£t i ispol'zuet ctables.h);
- raskladka psevdografiki v termcap i terminfo;
- vozmozhny pravki v locale;
- smena specsimvolov (vrode Nomer i Paragraf) v groff
(tak kak v fontah oni mogut sdvinut'sya na inye pozicii);
- estestvenno, proizojd£t pravka fajlov dannyh,
ispol'zuyushchih staruyu raskladku psevdografiki;
- russkij NeWSprint kit?
===========================================================================
=================
Predislovie.
------------
o Distributiv soderzhit neskol'ko paketov:
MOWcyrFnt - nabor russkih rastrovyh shriftov 1.6 MB
MOWcyrKit - paket russifikacii 3.6 MB
MOWcyrMsg - russkie soobshcheniya dlya CDE 0.7 MB
MOWcyrPS - nabor russkih masshtabiruemyh shriftov 24.5 MB
MOWlocal - nabor dopolnitel'nyh programm 31.8 MB
MNPcyrKit - paket kirillizacii NeWSprint 2.5 0.3 MB
GNUroff - GNU roff (sistema podgotovki tekstov) 7.5 MB
GNUrofCyr - e£ kirillizaciya 11.6 MB
Razdelenie sdelano so sleduyushchej cel'yu: paket so shriftami dovol'no velik
v ob®£me. Vy mozhete ustanovit' ego na ODIN nekij NFS server,
i importirovat' ego na klientskie mashiny cherez set'.
Ustanovka paketa MOWcyrKit avtomaticheski eksportiruet katalog /usr/openwin.
Na klientskih mashinah vy dolzhny pomestit' v /etc/vfstab stroki dlya montirovaniya
cherez set' katalogov s servera
/usr/openwin/lib/X11/fonts/cyrill
/usr/openwin/lib/X11/fonts/cyrill-Type1
k analogichnym katalogam na vashej klientskoj mashine.
Eshch£ luchshe ispol'zovat' dlya etogo automounter.
Procedura.
----------
Na vashem CD ROMe nahodyatsya tri fajla,
zatragivayushchie installyaciyu:
cyrill.img - kirillizaciya
gnukit.img - gcc
install.sh - installyacionnyj skript
Installyaciya dolzhna provodit'sya sleduyushchim obrazom:
1) Dolzhny byt' uzhe ustanovleny:
a) Solaris 2.x (x >= 3)
b) CDE (Common Desktop Environment)
c) Networker (Solstice Backup) (esli trebuetsya)
d) NeWSprint 2.5 (esli trebuetsya)
Primechanie: esli vy odnazhdy pereinstalliruete CDE,
vam neobhodimo pereinstallirovat' takzhe paket MOWcyrKit.
2)
pkgadd -d cyrill.img MOWcyrFnt
pkgadd -d cyrill.img MOWcyrKit
pkgadd -d cyrill.img MOWcyrMsg
pkgadd -d cyrill.img MOWcyrPS MOWlocal
pkgadd -d cyrill.img GNUroff
pkgadd -d cyrill.img GNUrofCyr
if [ -d /opt/NeWSprint ] ; then
pkgadd -d cyrill.img MNPcyrKit
fi
pkgadd -d gnukit.img GNUkit
|ti komandy kak raz i pomeshcheny v fajl install.sh
i mogut byt' vypolneny pri pomoshchi
sh install.sh
Ukazannyj poryadok installyacii paketov SUSHCHESTVENEN!
Na voprosy installyatora sleduet otvechat':
1) Na vopros ob ispol'zuemoj kodirovke otvet'te
- koi dlya KOI-8 (RFC-1489)
- iso dlya ISO 8859-5
- mswcyr dlya kodirovki ANSI Cyrillic, ispol'zuemoj v Microsoft Windows
(Microsoft 1251).
Kodirovka Microsoft 866 ispol'zuetsya pod imenem altdos.
Budut proinstallirovany neobhodimye fajly dlya vseh kodirovok,
no iznachal'nye nastrojki budut sdelany dlya ukazannoj vami.
2) Na zapros o polnom imeni vashej organizacii otvet'te strokoj,
kotoraya dolzhna budet poyavlyat'sya v pole
Organization:
vashih pisem v elektronnoj pochte.
CHtoby ne otvechat' na etot vopros, mozhno pomestit' etu stroku
v fajl /etc/organization
3) Na vopros "zapuskat' li XDM?"
Otvechajte "yes" tol'ko esli vasha rabochaya stanciya imeet graficheskuyu
konsol'. Otvechajte "no", esli u vas server bez konsoli ili s
zel£nym terminalom.
Zapusk XDM pri zagruzke sistemy proishodit v tom sluchae,
esli imeetsya fajl /etc/xdm.run (pustoj).
4) Na zapros magicheskogo klyucha otvet'te strokoj,
kotoruyu vam soobshchit prodavec dannogo paketa.
*) Na ostal'nye voprosy otvechajte y (yes).
Primer protokola postanovki paketa.
-----------------------------------
Obratite vnimanie na poryadok:
MOWcyrFnt MOWcyrKit MOWcyrMsg MOWcyrPS MOWlocal GNUroff GNUrofCyr
Otvety pol'zovatelya oboznacheny _tekst_
# sh install.sh
Processing package instance from
OpenWindows Bitmap Cyrillic Fonts
(SPARC) Version 2.3 for X11r5
----------------------------------------------------------------
| |
| Copyright (C) 1993,94,95 George Akimoff, Andrew Bogatyirev |
| All Rights Reserved. |
| |
| Contains copyrighted software licensed from |
| Moscow Center for SPARC-technology and |
| Open Technologies, Ltd. |
| Unauthorized duplication is strictly prohibited. |
| |
| Restricted rights of distribution are given to |
| LVS Corporation and |
| DEC Art |
| |
| Disassembly, decompilation, or other means of reducing |
| the object code to human readable form |
| is prohibited by the license agreement under which |
| this code is provided to the user or company |
| in possession of this copy. |
| |
----------------------------------------------------------------
## Processing package information.
## Processing system information.
## Verifying disk space requirements.
## Checking for conflicts with packages already installed.
## Checking for setuid/setgid programs.
Installing OpenWindows Bitmap Cyrillic Fonts as
## Installing part 1 of 1.
/usr/openwin/lib/X11/fonts/cyrill/crc5-08.pcf.Z
................
................
................
/usr/openwin/lib/X11/fonts/cyrill/sscWi-24.pcf.Z
[ verifying class ]
Installation of was successful.
Processing package instance from
OpenWindows Cyrillic Kit
(SPARC) Version 2.4.2 for X11r5
Using as the package base directory.
................
................
................
Which codeset will you use: KOI-8, ISO 8859-5, ANSI Cyrillic (MS Windows) ?
Please type koi or iso [koi|iso|mswcyr]: _koi_
Please, enter default timezone or just hit
[Russia/Moscow (Samara,Novosibirsk)]: _ENTER_
Russia/Moscow is to be used in /etc/timezone and /etc/default/init
Please, enter Full name of your organization (for Email)
> _Open Technologies, Ltd._
Organization: Open Technologies, Ltd.
Please, enter your maildomain (for NIS/Email), such as hostname.msk.su
[] > _openwin.msk.su_
Maildomain: openwin.msk.su
Do you want to start X Display Manager ? [yes] _yes_
XDM start enabled
Please type your magic key> _
## Processing package information.
## Processing system information.
25 package pathnames are already properly installed.
## Verifying package dependencies.
## Verifying disk space requirements.
## Checking for conflicts with packages already installed.
The following files are already installed on the system and are being
used by another package:
/usr/openwin/lib/Xinitrc
Do you want to install these conflicting files [y,n,?,q] _y_
## Checking for setuid/setgid programs.
This package contains scripts which will be executed with super-user
permission during the process of installing this package.
Do you want to continue with the installation of this package [y,n,?] _y_
Installing OpenWindows Cyrillic Kit as
## Executing preinstall script.
................
................
................
To use Cyrillization You have to
1) add
setenv LANG ru.koi_8 (RFC-1489)
OR setenv LANG ru.iso_8859_5
OR setenv LANG ru.mswcyr (Microsoft 1251)
into your .cshrc file (or .login)
2) check for
/etc/skel/local.cshrc --> $HOME/.cshrc
/etc/skel/local.login --> $HOME/.login
/etc/skel/local.profile --> $HOME/.profile
and copy them into your $HOME if needed.
3) Then you have to exit OpenWindows
and re-start it again.
4) cd /etc/skel and read README* files
*) You can switch between RUS/LAT by pressing of key.
or key.
On Sun X-terminal use key.
Installation of was successful.
Processing package instance from
................
................
................
Installation of was successful.
Processing package instance from
................
................
................
Do you want to start WWW (HTTP) server ? [no] _no_
Do not start WWW server
................
................
The following files are already installed on the system and are being
used by another package:
/usr/local/man/man3
Do you want to install these conflicting files [y,n,?,q] _y_
## Checking for setuid/setgid programs.
The following files are being installed with setuid and/or setgid
permissions or are overwriting files which are currently
setuid/setgid:
/usr/bin/rbmail
/usr/local/bin/le
/usr/local/bin/traceroute
/usr/local/bin/xwall
/usr/local/etc/httpd/httpd
Do you want to install these setuid/setgid files [y,n,?,q] _y_
This package contains scripts which will be executed with super-user
permission during the process of installing this package.
Do you want to continue with the installation of this package [y,n,?] _y_
Installing Set of local programs and sources (includes WWW) as
................
................
................
Installation of was successful.
Processing package instance from
GNU groff - text to PostScript formatting utility
(SPARC) 1.09
-------------------------------------------
| Copyright (C) |
| |
| jjc@jclark.com (James Clark) |
| |
| and Free Software Foundation |
-------------------------------------------
## Processing package information.
## Processing system information.
2 package pathnames are already properly installed.
## Verifying package dependencies.
## Verifying disk space requirements.
## Checking for conflicts with packages already installed.
The following files are already installed on the system and are being
used by another package:
/usr/local/man/man1
Do you want to install these conflicting files [y,n,?,q] _y_
## Checking for setuid/setgid programs.
Installing GNU groff - text to PostScript formatting utility as
................
................
................
Installation of was successful.
Processing package instance from
GNU groff Cyrillization
(SPARC) 1
................
................
The following files are already installed on the system and are being
used by another package:
/usr/local/lib/groff/tmac/tmac.gs
/usr/local/lib/groff/tmac/tmac.pspic
/usr/local/lib/groff/tmac/troffrc
Do you want to install these conflicting files [y,n,?,q] _y_
## Checking for setuid/setgid programs.
Installing GNU groff Cyrillization as
................
................
................
Installation of was successful.
Processing package instance from
................
................
This package contains scripts which will be executed with super-user
permission during the process of installing this package.
Do you want to continue with the installation of this package [y,n,?] _y_
Installing NeWSprint 2.5 Cyrillic Kit -- KOI-8 codeset as
................
................
Installation of was successful.
Processing package instance from
................
................
................
Installation of was successful.
you have mail
#
REKOMENDUETSYA PEREZAGRUZITX SISTEMU V |TOM MESTE
i vystavit' pravil'noe vremya komandoj date.
Udalenie paketa.
----------------
V sluchae nuzhdy vy mozhete udalit' paket rusifikacii, vypolniv komandy
pkgrm MOWlocal MOWcyrPS MOWcyrMsg MOWcyrKit MOWcyrFnt
Ustanovili. CHto dal'she?
-----------------------
Posle togo, kak ustanovka vypolnena, vy dolzhny
dlya kazhdogo pol'zovatelya, kotoryj budet ispol'zovat' russkij yazyk
(pust', naprimer, eto pol'zovatel' user).
Skopirovat' .login .cshrc .profile iz /etc/skel
v domashnij katalog pol'zovatelya user (~user),
komandy nizhe napisany dlya csh
cp /etc/skel/local.login ~user/.login
cp /etc/skel/local.cshrc ~user/.cshrc
cp /etc/skel/local.profile ~user/.profile
Esli pol'zovatel' uzhe imeet odin iz etih fajlov,
to imeet smysl modificirovat' ego sushchestvuyushchie fajly,
a ne kopirovat' predlagaemye nami.
Imenno takoe kopirovanie osushchestvlyaet komandnyj fajl
/etc/tune_lang (opisanie privoditsya nizhe).
Klyuchevymi v etih fajlah yavlyayutsya stroki:
V .login setenv LANG ru.koi_8
V .profile LANG=ru.koi_8; export LANG
zadayushchie ispol'zovanie russkogo yazyka v kodirovke KOI-8.
setenv LANG ru.iso_8859_5 dlya ISO 8859-5
setenv LANG ru.mswcyr dlya CP1251
setenv LANG ru.altdos dlya CP866
I stroka
stty cs8 -istrip erase ^H
opredelyayushchaya vos'mibitovyj vvod/vyvod.
==============
Paket predostavlyaet vam:
1) Russkuyu kartu klaviatury.
2) Russkie shrifty dlya X Window System.
3) Resursy sistemy X Window, prisposoblennye dlya ispol'zovaniya russkogo yazyka.
4) locale dlya russkogo yazyka.
5) Vklyuchaet ispol'zovanie X Display Manager.
================
Dlya bystroj smeny ispol'zuemoj kodirovki predlagaetsya komandnyj
fajl
/etc/tune_lang
kotoryj mozhet ispol'zovat'sya kak
tune_lang koi spisok_imen_pol'zovatelej
ili
tune_lang iso spisok_imen_pol'zovatelej
tune_lang mswcyr spisok_imen_pol'zovatelej
Pol'zovatel' root v spiske zada£t yazyk "po umolchaniyu" dlya vsej sistemy.
Ne trebuetsya pereinstallyaciya paketa dlya smeny yazyka.
Kak pravilo dostatochno prosto zadaniya
setenv LANG ru.
v $HOME/.login i
LANG=ru.; export LANG
v $HOME/.profile
CHastichnaya otmena lokalizacii.
=============================
Inogda byvaet neobhodimo, chtoby data vydavalas' na anglijskom yazyke.
Dlya etogo sleduet zadat' peremennuyu okruzheniya
setenv LC_TIME C
ili v fajle /etc/default/init
LC_TIME=C
Tehnicheskoe opisanie komponent.
===============================
Russkaya karta klaviatury.
-------------------------
Sushchestvuyut DVE shemy pereklyucheniya russkogo yazyka pri vvode.
Uchtite, chto v rezhime russkoj klaviatury, vy ne mozhete vvodit'
upravlyayushchie kody vrode CTRL/C ili CTRL/U,
chtoby ih vvesti vy DOLZHNY snachala pereklyuchit'sya v rezhim
latinskoj klaviatury. Uvy, takovo ustrojstvo standartnoj
X Window System. Pravka biblioteki Xlib mozhet pomoch' ispravit' etu problemu,
mesto izvestno, no... luchshe ne narushat' celostnost' firmennogo koda.
ZHelayushchim avtor mozhet podskazat' - chto nado sdelat'.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Pervaya shema ispol'zuet komandu xmodmap i fajly
$OPENWINHOME/lib/locale/$LANG/Xmodmaprc
Ona yavlyaetsya bolee ekonomichnoj, chem nasha vtoraya shema,
ibo karta klaviatury ODIN raz zagruzhaetsya v X-server.
Obychnym pol'zovatelyam rekomenduetsya ispol'zovat' imenno etu shemu.
Zato vtoraya shema obladaet bol'shej obshchnost'yu.
Pol'zovatel' mozhet PRINUDITELXNO ispol'zovat' shemu s xmodmap,
sozdav v domashnem kataloge pustoj fajl $HOME/.UseXmodmap
V etoj sheme:
*********************************************************
* *
* PEREKLYUCHENIE RUSSKOGO/LATINSKOGO SHRIFTA NA VVODE *
* PROIZVODITSYA PRI POMOSHCHI KLAVISHI *
* *
* *
* *
* (sprava ot klavishi PROBEL) *
* *
* ili pri pomoshchi *
* *
*********************************************************
Pri perehode v russkij rezhim zagoraetsya lampochka na
klavishe
*********************************************************
* Na Sun X terminal-ah (vrode SPARCclassic X) *
* pereklyuchenie RUS/LAT proizvoditsya klavishej *
*********************************************************
Karty klaviatury opisany v fajlah
$OPENWINHOME/lib/locale/ru.koi_8/Xmodmaprc
$OPENWINHOME/lib/locale/ru.iso_8859_5/Xmodmaprc
$OPENWINHOME/lib/locale/ru.mswcyr/Xmodmaprc
Pereraskladka russkih klavish osnovana na sleduyushchej vozmozhnosti X Window:
- funkciya XLookupString() podderzhivaet al'ternativnuyu tablicu kodov.
- Dlya zagruzki etoj tablicy primenyaetsya komanda xmodmap,
zagruzhayushchaya chetyr£hkolonochnuyu tablicu: pervye dve kolonki zadayut
pervuyu gruppu klavish, vtorye dve - vtoruyu. V kazhdoj gruppe pervyj stolbec
zada£t kod, vydavaemyj klavishej pri NEnazhatoj klavishe ,
vtoroj stolbec - pri nazhatoj.
! Key ! KEYBOARD GROUP 0 ! KEYBOARD GROUP 1
! ! Normal Shift ! Normal Shift
!------------------------------------------------------------------------
keysym a = a A 0xe4 0xc4
keysym s = s S 0xeb 0xcb
......
- Dlya pereklyucheniya grupp ispol'zuetsya modifikator mod2,
skleenyj s edinstvennoj klavishej, fiksiruyushchej svo£ sostoyanie -
modifikatorom lock.
Modifikator lock ishodno soedin£n s klavishej Caps_Lock i fiksiruet Shift.
Ego ispol'zovanie v dannoj funkcii otmenyaetsya,
mod2 i lock naznachayutsya na klavishu Multi_key (ona zhe Compose).
Smotri man xmodmap i razdel H.3.2.7 v tome 1 serii knig O'Reilly po X Window.
!----------------------------------------------------------------------
! Use COMPOSE and CapsLock keys as RUS/LAT switch keys.
!----------------------------------------------------------------------
remove lock = Caps_Lock
add mod2 = Multi_key
add mod2 = Caps_Lock
add lock = Multi_key
!----------------------------------------------------------------------
! Use COMPOSE and NumLock keys as RUS/LAT switch keys.
!----------------------------------------------------------------------
!remove lock = Num_Lock
!add mod2 = Multi_key
!add mod2 = Num_Lock
!add lock = Multi_key
Posle etogo russkie bukvy vklyuchayutsya/vyklyuchayutsya libo klavishej Compose,
libo CapsLock.
Kak mozhno videt', imeetsya zakommentirovannyj vtoroj variant -
pereklyuchenie RUS/LAT po NumLock.
Pri etom v latinskom registre prodolzhaet rabotat' CapsLock -
klavisha dlya fiksacii bol'shih bukv.
CHtoby vybrat' etu versiyu, sleduet zakommentirovat'
vosklicatel'nymi znakami pervyj blok i raskommentirovat' vtoroj.
|to fajl /usr/openwin/lib/Xmodmaprc.X-sun
Popytka ispol'zovat' dlya etoj celi predpisannuyu klavishu AltGraph (Mode_switch)
k sozhaleniyu privodit k zavisaniyu okonnoj sistemy pri rabote MYSHXYU,
kogda vklyuch£n russkij registr. Poka mysh' ne trogaem - vs£ otlichno.
Est' podozrenie, chto eto povedenie ne X11 server a OpenLook Window Manager.
K sozhaleniyu, X imeet tol'ko ODNU klavishu, pomnyashchuyu svo£ sostoyanie:
edinstvennyj modifikator Lock. Poetomu ego ispol'zovanie v kachestve
pereklyuchatelya RUS/LAT privodit k potere klavishi fiksacii verhnego registra
(CapsLock): e£ tehnicheski nevozmozhno imet', ne modificiruya X Window System
v storonu rasshireniya.
Novaya karta klaviatury mozhet byt' prosmotrena komandami
xmodmap
xmodmap -pk
Shema vtoraya: monitor vvoda xCyrInput
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
V etoj sheme pereklyuchenie kodovyh tablic osushchestvlyaet special'naya programma -
xCyrInput. Pri kazhdom (uvy) nazhatii pereklyuchatel'noj klavishi ona
perezagruzhaet kartu klaviatury v X-server.
|to bolee nakladno, no zato:
- vy mozhete vybrat' klavishu pereklyucheniya po svoemu vkusu
(v tom chisle Shift_L+Shift_R).
Pereklyuchenie RUS/LAT iznachal'no podklyucheno k knopke Mode_switch,
kotoraya na Sun-ovskih mashinah sovpadaet s AltGraph (v nizhnem pravom uglu).
E£ nazhatie otobrazhaetsya svetodiodom na knopke Compose.
- mozhno derzhat' na ekrane neskol'ko programm, ispol'zuyushchih
raznye kodovye tablicy ODNOVREMENNO.
- rabotaet klavisha Pseudo CapsLock
(na Sun eto Caps_Lock ),
kotoraya pozvolyaet fiksirovat' verhnij registr v tom chisle i russkih bukv.
Shift pri nazhatom PseudoLock da£t malen'kie bukvy.
Nazhata li eta klavisha - otobrazhaetsya svetodiodom na ScrollLock
i bukvoj L v okne "modifikatory".
- eta programma takzhe otslezhivaet aktivnost' pol'zovatelya, i posle
dolgoj pauzy (net dvizhenij myshi ili klaviatury) zapuskaet programmu
zapiraniya ekrana.
*****************************************************************************
* PROGRAMMA NAPISANA PO MOTIVAM I S ISPOLXZOVANIEM ISHODNYH TEKSTOV *
* *
* xrus-1.3.4 *
* *
* Aleksandra Luk'yanova *
* lav@yars.free.net (Alexander V. Lukyanov) *
* *
* ftp://ftp.relcom.ru/x11/cyrillic/xrus-1.3.4.tar.gz *
* *
* RASPROSTRANYAETSYA SVOBODNO *
*****************************************************************************
Avtor dannoj versii (abs@openwin.msk.su - Andrej Bogatyr£v)
vyrazhaet glubochajshuyu priznatel'nost' A.Luk'yanovu za plodotvornuyu ideyu.
Ishodnye teksty programmy nahodyatsya v /usr/local/src/xCyrInput
Ispol'zovanie programmy:
------------------------
Osnovnaya ideya raboty etoj programmy - perehvat i otslezhivanie
nazhatij VSEH klavish na klaviature. Pri etom ispol'zuetsya ta osobennost'
X Window System, chto sobytiya ot okna mogut posylat'sya NESKOLXKIM programmam
odnovremenno, prichem kazhdoj programme - svoi sobytiya (zakazannye eyu).
Vtoraya ispol'zuemaya osobennost' - to, chto klientskaya programma mozhet
zakazat' poluchenie sobytij ot LYUBOGO okna na ekrane, ne tol'ko ot svoego.
Takim obrazom my mozhem otslezhivat' i nazhatie klavish nad CHUZHIMI oknami.
Pereklyuchenie RUS/LAT iznachal'no podklyucheno k knopke Mode_switch,
kotoraya na Sun-ovskih mashinah sovpadaet s AltGraph (v nizhnem pravom uglu).
Pereklyuchenie proishodit takzhe pri nazhatii myshi nad graficheskoj knopkoj
RUSSKIJ/LATIN v verhnem pravom uglu ekrana (pravaya knopka).
Srednee menyu pozvolyaet "na letu" menyat' kodovuyu tablicu.
Pri nazhatii Ctrl programma vremenno pereklyuchaetsya v latinskij rezhim,
chtoby pravil'no otrabatyvlis' Ctrl/C i Ctrl/U.
Nazhatie PRAVOJ knopki myshi nad oknom proyavlyaet menyu,
v kotorom soderzhitsya strochka "Properties...".
Vybor etoj strochki privodit k proyavke dialoga, v kotorom vy mozhete
nastroit' ochen' mnogo raznoobraznyh vozmozhnostej, v tom chisle
raskladku klavish na klaviature.
Smotrim na Properties:
DiskCheckPath -
programma sledit za svobodnym mestom v neskol'kih katalogah
i preduprezhdaet vas o ego ischerpanii.
Spisok katalogov - v etom pole, cherez dvoetochie.
V okoshke v pravom verhnem uglu ekrana otobrazhaetsya
kolichestvo svobodnogo mesta, ostavsheesya v PERVOM v spiske kataloge.
Application Codesets Pattern List -
programma pozvolyaet ODNOVREMENNO derzhat' na ekrane neskol'ko
programm-klientov, ispol'zuyushchih RAZNYE kodovye tablicy.
Pri etom monitor avtomaticheski pereklyuchaet kodovye
tablicy v zavisimosti ot imeni programmy, klassa programmy,
imeni okna, argv[0].
Klass programmy mozhno uznat' komandoj
xlsclients -l
Spisok sootvetstviya oformlyaetsya v vide
shablon_imeni1=imya_tablicy1:shablon_imeni2=imya_tablicy2:...
SHablon imeni pishetsya v sile regulyarnogo vyrazheniya SHell.
Primer:
shablon: *866*=altdos
Zapusk programmy:
$ LANG=ru.altdos cxterm -T x866 -fn crcA-12 -e /bin/sh &
Teper' peremeshchenie fokusa klaviatury v eto okno budet vyzyvat'
pereklyuchenie klaviatury na 866 kodovuyu tablicu.
Save - sohranyaet resursy v fajl $HOME/.Xdefaults
Minusy podhoda, ispol'zovannogo v dannoj programme:
---------------------------------------------------
Vysokaya reaktivnost' na medlennyh mashinah i pri bol'shom chisle
klientskih programm, ibo
1) Kazhdoe pereklyuchenie - eto zagruzka 4h kolonochnoj tablicy po 132 knopki
(posylka takogo paketa po seti)
2) Posle etogo KAZHDYJ KLIENT delaet po MappingNotify event vyzov
XRefreshKeyboardMapping() i chitaet takoj zhe paket s servera.
Neobhodima biblioteka /usr/dt/lib/libDtSvc.so.1 iz CDE,
bez nee ne rabotaet.
Shema tret'ya:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Odnovremennoe ispol'zovanie obeih shem.
Mozhno odnovremenno ispol'zovat' oba metoda pereklyucheniya RUS/LAT.
Dlya etogo nado:
- sozdat' pustoj fajl $HOME/.UseXmodmap
- pod CDE ne ubivat' xCyrInput
- pod Open Look libo zapuskat' ego vruchnuyu,
libo zanesti komandu zapuska v fajl $HOME/.openwin-init
Zapusk programmy xCyrInput vruchnuyu:
1) pereklyuchit' klaviaturu v LATINSKIJ rezhim
i ubedit'sya v etom, poprobovav nabrat' paru-druguyu bukv.
2) v okne terminal (xterm, cxterm) nabrat' komandu
xCyrInput -daemon
--------------
Osnovnye fonty:
garnitura nachertanie bitmap PostScript
==========================================================
Courier Roman crc CourierC
Bold
Italic
BoldItalic
Helvetica Roman ssc PragmaticaC
Bold
Oblique
BoldOblique
Times Roman smc NewtonC
Bold
Italic
BoldItalic
Katalogi, gde oni raspolozheny:
$OPENWINHOME/lib/X11/fonts/cyrill - rastrovye
$OPENWINHOME/lib/X11/fonts/cyrill-Type1 - masshtabiruemye
Imena etih katalogov zapisany v stolbik v fajlah
$OPENWINHOME/lib/locale/C/OWfontpath
$OPENWINHOME/lib/locale/$LANG/OWfontpath
otkuda skripty Xinitrc i StartOW ih i berut.
Imena rastrovyh fontov skonstruirovany sleduyushchim obrazom:
xxxT-NN
xxxTi-NN
xxxTb-NN
gde xxx:
crc - courier (CouRier Cyrillic)
smc - serif (Serif Monospaced Cyrillic)
ssc - sans-serif (Sans Serif Cyrillic)
gde T:
W - shrifty v kodirovke CP-1251 dlya MS Windows.
A - shrifty v kodirovke CP-866 dlya MS DOS.
K - shrifty v kodirovke KOI-8.
5 - shrifty v kodirovke ISO 8859/5.
gde poslednyaya bukva:
bez - roman, pryamoj obychnyj shrift.
i - italic, kursiv.
b - bold, zhirnyj shrift.
gde NN:
razmer shrifta v tochkah: 08, 10, 12, 14, 18, 24
Primery: smcW-08 sscKb-24
XLFD imena (X logical font definition):
---------------------------------------
-chu-crcT-medium-r-normal--13-80-96-96-m-70-koi-8
sscT bold o 15-100 90 iso8859-5
smcT 16-120 90 ibm-1251
19-140 120
24-180 170
36-240 220
Dlya fontov razmerov 80 i 100 est' tol'ko versiya -medium-r-
Dlya fontov razmerov 120, 140, 180, 240 est' versii -bold-r- i
-medium-o- (italic).
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!! V fajlah resursov rekomenduetsya ispol'zovat' korotkie imena, !!!
!!! poskol'ku XLFD imena mogut izmenit'sya v sleduyushchih versiyah. !!!
!!! (takoe uzhe bylo) !!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Sootvetstvie rastrovyh shriftov CDE fontam.
------------------------------------------
CDE size Chu
---------------------------------------------
1) xxs extra-extra small -net-
2) xs extra small -08
default 3) s small -10
4) m medium -12
5) l large -14
6) xl extra large -18
7) xxl extra-extra large -24
Prover'te shrifty.
-----------------
Udostover'tes', chto imena katalogov s russkimi shriftami popali
v FONT PATH, dlya chego naberite komandu
xset -q
i ubedites' v nalichii im£n katalogov
/usr/openwin/lib/X11/fonts/cyrill i
/usr/openwin/lib/X11/fonts/cyrill-Type1
Dlya razovoj interaktivnoj smeny fonta vy mozhete ispol'zovat'
komandu xrdb (X resources database manager):
% xrdb
Font.Name: crcK-24
^D <-- CTRL/D
% cxterm &
ili ukazat' neposredstvenno komande,
kakoj font ej sleduet ispol'zovat':
% xterm -fn crcK-24 &
Spisok dostupnyh fontov i ih kratkih im£n mozhno poluchit' komandoj
xlsfonts
Prosmotret' kodovye tablicy - uvidet' poryadok bukv v kodirovkah -
pozvolyayut komandy
xfd -fn crcK-12 &
xfd -fn crc5-12 &
xfd -fn crcW-12 &
---------------
To, chto programmy dolzhny ispol'zovat' imenno russkie fonty,
zadaetsya v sistemnom fajle resursov
$OPENWINHOME/lib/locale/ru.koi_8/Xdefaults
$OPENWINHOME/lib/locale/ru.iso_8859_5/Xdefaults
$OPENWINHOME/lib/locale/ru.mswcyr/Xdefaults
dlya CDE
/etc/dt/config/ru.koi_8/sys.resources
/etc/dt/config/ru.iso_8859_5/sys.resources
/etc/dt/config/ru.mswcyr/sys.resources
Fajl resursov sostoit iz strok vida:
KlassProgrammy*imyaResursa: znachenieResursa
*imyaResursa: znachenieResursa
vo vtorom sluchae resurs primenyaetsya ko VSEM programmam.
Vot chto tam napisano dlya KOI-8:
! Added by Cyrillic Package
! Define Cyrillic fonts (KOI-8)
!
OpenWindows.TextFont: smcK-12
OpenWindows.TitleFont: smcKb-14
OpenWindows.ButtonFont: sscKb-12
Font.Name: sscK-12 <- glavnoe eto
Icon.Font.Name: sscK-10
olwm.TextFont: smcK-12
olwm.ButtonFont: smcK-12
olwm.TitleFont: smcKb-12
Mwm*menu*background: pink
Mwm*fontList: -chu-sscK-bold-r-normal-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-koi-8:
nptool.Font.Name: fixed
*font: crcK-12
!Tuning of OpenLook Virtual Window Manager
OpenWindows.VirtualSticky: xclock clock oclock xwall
OpenWindows.VirtualForegroundColor: white
OpenWindows.VirtualBackgroundColor: yellow
OpenWindows.UseImages: UseAll
OpenWindows.InputFocusColor: pink
OpenWindows.UniqueIconSlots: True
OpenWindows.FreeIconSlots: True
OpenWindows.ShowResizeGeometry: True
OpenWindows.ShowMoveGeometry: True
OpenWindows.SelectDisplaysMenu: False
! Trailer Cyrillic Package
Ubedites', chto fajly .OWdefaults i .Xdefaults v vashem domashnem kataloge
ne perekryvayut eti opredeleniya.
Sleduet udalit' starye:
~/.Xdefaults
~/.Xresourses
~/.OWdefaults
~/.openwin-init
~/.keytable
~/.dt (eto katalog)
Tekushchie ustanovki resursov mozhno posmotret' komandoj
xrdb -q | more
---------------
Izuchite startovyj fajl $OPENWINHOME/lib/Xinitrc
soderzhashchij komandy zagruzki kart klaviatury Xmodmaprc
i fajlov resursov Xdefaults
Sistemnyj administrator OBYAZAN prochitat' etot fajl i ponyat',
kak vs£ rabotaet. Obratite vnimanie na special'nyj fajl-flazhok
$HOME/.Xmod++
locale dlya tr£h kodirovok.
--------------------------
locale - eto opisanie mnozhestva bukv, kakie iz nih pechatnye,
bol'shie, malen'kie,... Smotri
man setlocale
i
man ctype
Opisaniya raspolozheny v katalogah
/usr/lib/locale/ru.koi_8
/usr/lib/locale/ru.iso_8859_5
/usr/lib/locale/ru.mswcyr
/usr/lib/locale/ru.altdos
(dlya funkcii setlocale(LC_ALL, ""); )
------------------
Paket zapuskaet na vashej mashine X Display Manager (xdm).
Oznakom'tes' s ego konfiguracionnymi fajlami,
raspolozhennymi v /usr/openwin/lib/xdm/*
Obratite vnimanie na
Xresources - tam zadan russkij yazyk soobshchenij.
StartOW - parametry zapuska X-servera.
Xsession - skript, vypolnyaemyj pri vhode pol'zovatelya v sistemu.
Xsetup_0 - zapusk programm, soputstvuyushchih oknu Xlogin.
Smotri takzhe
man xdm
VNIMANIE, SISTEMNYJ ADMINISTRATOR !!!
-------------------------------------
Dlya vhoda cherez xdm ispol'zuetsya nastroechnyj fajl ~/.profile
Dlya vhoda s konsoli - ~/.login
Poetomu dobavlenie ustanovki peremennyh okruzheniya sleduet proizvodit' PARALLELXNO
v oboih etih fajlah. V kachestve obrazcov ispol'zujte fajly iz /etc/skel
Esli u pol'zovatelya uzhe byli fajly .login, .cshrc, .profile,
to vam prid£tsya posvyatit' nekotoroe vremya privedeniyu ih v sootvetstvie
s rabotosposobnym obrazcom. Pardon za prichin£nnye neudobstva!
Vhod cherez XDM.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
xdm (xlogin) -> Xsession -> $HOME/.profile -> Xinitrc -> xterm -> sh
xdm (xlogin) -> Xsession -> $HOME/.profile -> Xinitrc -> xterm -> csh -> $HOME/.cshrc
Vhod cherez console login (s beloj konsoli)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
login -> sh -> $HOME/.profile -> \
-> $OPENWINHOME/bin/openwin -> Xinitrc -> xterm -> sh
login -> csh -> $HOME/.cshrc -> $HOME/.login -> \
-> $OPENWINHOME/bin/openwin -> Xinitrc -> xterm -> csh -> $HOME/.cshrc
Vhod cherez telnet ili rlogin
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
telnet -> login -> sh -> $HOME/.profile
telnet -> login -> csh -> $HOME/.cshrc -> $HOME/.login
Vhod cherez dtlogin CDE
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/etc/rc2.d/S99dtlogin -> dtlogin -> ... -> /usr/dt/bin/Xsession -> ... ->\
-> /etc/dt/config/Xsession.d/0055.cyrillic -> $HOME/.profile ->\
-> xterm -> sh
-> csh -> $HOME/.cshrc
Pri vhode pod CommonDesktopEnvironment sleduet imet' v vidu dve veshchi:
1) Peremennuyu LANG ustanavlivaet programma dtlogin,
poetomu e£ ne sleduet ustanavlivat' v .profile
2) Skript /usr/dt/bin/Xsession na vremya svoej raboty
ustanavlivaet peremennuyu DT=true
i unichtozhaet e£ posle zaversheniya inicializacii okonnoj sistemy
(to est' xterm zapuskaetsya uzhe bez ne£).
Poetomu fragment v .profile vyglyadit tak:
if [ ! "$DT" ] ; then
...
stty -istrip cs8 erase "^H" kill "^U" swtch "^-"
...
LANG=...
...
fi
Kartinki
~~~~~~~~
Kartinki dlya vhodnoj zastavki raspolozheny v
/etc/dt/backdrops/*.pm
i imeyut format XPM.
Kakuyu imenno kartinku sleduet pokazat' na ekrane ukazano v fajle
/etc/dt/config/Xresources
eto stroki vida
Dtlogin*logo*bitmapFile: /etc/dt/backdrops/cat.pm
Gde iskat' soobshcheniya ob oshibkah
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Esli pol'zovatel' ne mozhet vojti v sistemu cherez xdm, vy dolzhny prochitat'
fajl .xsession-errors v domashnem kataloge etogo pol'zovatelya.
Tuda popadayut soobshcheniya ob oshibkah.
Soobshcheniya XDM ob oshibkah, sluchivshihsya DO nachala pol'zovatel'skogo seansa,
popadayut v /var/tmp/xdm-errors.
Pri zapuske iz-pod CDE ishchite soobshcheniya ob oshibkah v
/var/dt/Xerrors
$HOME/.dt/startlog
$HOME/.dt/errorlog
$HOME/.dt/sessionlogs/*
CHtoby soobshcheniya zapisyvalis' v poslednee upomyanutoe mesto,
sleduet zakommentirovat' sleduyushchuyu stroku v fajle $HOME/.dtprofile
(nizhe ona napisana, kak ona DOLZHNA vyglyadet'):
# export dtstart_sessionlogfile="/dev/null"
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
"Vy zabudete o svoih problemah!
Kogda uznaete o nashih."
Esli vy ne mozhete vojti v sistemu cherez xlogin:
- XDM vyda£t okno login:
- vy vvodite imya, parol', zhm£te , okno ischezaet...
- nichego ne proishodit, i okno xlogin poyavlyaetsya snova.
Skoree vsego problema v tom, chto u vas nepravil'nyj ~/.profile
(smotri v ~/.xsession-errors).
No chtoby sumet' otredaktirovat' ego, vam nado hot' kak-to vojti v sistemu.
|to delaetsya tak:
- XDM vyda£t okno login:
- vy vvodite imya,
parol', zhm£te vmesto .
... i vhodite v sistemu s odnim edinstvennym oknom xterm.
8 bit protiv 24 bit
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
xdm na SPARCstation 5 s 24-bitovym frame buffer-om S24
zapuskaet po umolchaniyu X server v rezhime defaultdepth=8 bit, a ne 24
(defaultdepth = chislo bit na piksel).
CHtoby vernut'sya k 24 bitam po umolchaniyu, sleduet vykinut' (zakommentirovat') iz
$OPENWINHOME/lib/xdm/StartOW
sleduyushchij fragment:
# Start X server on S24 frame buffer (for SS5) in 8 bit mode, not 24.
if [ -c /dev/fbs/tcx0 ] ; then
pass="$pass -dev /dev/fbs/tcx0 defdepth 8"
fi
A chtoby na mashinah s graficheskim uskoritelem SX zapuskat' X-server
po umolchaniyu v 24-bitovom rezhime, sleduet raskommentirovat' sleduyushchij fragment:
(KROME PERVOJ STROKI-KOMMENTARIYA)
# Start X server on SX frame buffer (for SS20) in 24 bit mode.
# if [ -c /dev/fbs/cgfourteen0 ] ; then
# pass="$pass -dev /dev/fbs/cgfourteen0 defdepth 24"
# fi
CHtoby uznat' tekushchee sostoyanie depth i mnogo drugoj informacii pro X-server,
ispol'zujte programmy:
a) xdpyinfo
b) ps -ef | fgrep X (smotri na argumenty zapuska X-servera).
Smotri
man X11 openwin xdm Xserver Xsun
Avtorizaciya dostupa k ekranu
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/openwin/bin/openwin ispol'zuet
/usr/openwin/bin/X $DISPLAY -auth $HOME/.xsun.`uname -n`$DISPLAY
xdm ispol'zuet
/usr/openwin/bin/X $DISPLAY -auth /var/tmp/A$DISPLAY-nechto
Prosto poleznye programmy
-------------------------
xprop - vyda£t svojstva i Klass ukazannogo mysh'yu okna
xlsclients -l - vyda£t spisok X-klientov
xdpyinfo - vyda£t parametry vashego ekrana i X servera
xev - vyda£t keysym i keycode nazhimaemyh klavish.
Nezamenima pri sostavlenii kart klaviatury.
Kak podmenit' sistemnye fonty
-----------------------------
Inogda vsta£t zadacha zamenit' nekotoryj sistemnyj font podhodyashchim
fontom, soderzhashchim russkie bukvy, pri etom ne stiraya original'nyj font.
Takaya zadacha mozhet vozniknut', esli imya nekotorogo nerusskogo fonta namertvo
proshito v kodah programmy i ne zada£tsya cherez resursy tipa
Prog*fontList: XLFD-fontname
Nam zhe nado zamenit' ego na russkoyazychnyj font.
|to delaetsya pri pomoshchi takogo tryuka:
Kak izvestno, X-server ishchet fonty v katalogah v poryadke,
ukazannom v peremennoj FONTPATH (smotri xset -q).
V samoe nachalo etogo puti pri pomoshchi komandy
~~~~~~
xset +fp cyrill-aliases
my dobavlyaem katalog, soderzhashchij nashi sobstvennye fonty.
Na samom dele v etom kataloge net nastoyashchih fontov,
no imeetsya ob®yavlenie fontov:
V fajle fonts.dir
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
0
chto oznachaet, chto katalog soderzhit 0 nastoyashchih fontov.
Zato v fajle fonts.alias ...
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Helvetica "-paragraph-PragmaticaCK-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-koi-8"
-b&h-lucida-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1 \
"-paragraph-JournalSansCK-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-koi-8"
my ob®yavlyaem sinonimy im£n, kotorye perekryvayut sistemnye imena sistemnyh fontov
imenami nashih sobstvennyh fontov, lezhashchih v drugih katalogah.
Uvy, my ne mozhem sdelat' sinom=nimy zavisimymi ot peremennoj $LANG inache kak
kazhdyj raz podsovyvaya DRUGOJ KATALOG s sinonimami.
Primer fajla fonts.alias dlya tr£h osnovnyh nachertanij v KOI-8:
-adobe-courier-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-iso8859-1 "-paragraph-CourierCK-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-koi-8"
-adobe-courier-medium-o-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-iso8859-1 "-paragraph-CourierCK-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-koi-8"
-adobe-courier-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-iso8859-1 "-paragraph-CourierCK-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-koi-8"
-adobe-courier-bold-o-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-iso8859-1 "-paragraph-CourierCK-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-koi-8"
-adobe-times-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1 "-paragraph-NewtonCK-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-koi-8"
-adobe-times-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1 "-paragraph-NewtonCK-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-koi-8"
-adobe-times-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1 "-paragraph-NewtonCK-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-koi-8"
-adobe-times-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1 "-paragraph-NewtonCK-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-koi-8"
-adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1 "-paragraph-PragmaticaCK-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-koi-8"
-adobe-helvetica-medium-o-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1 "-paragraph-PragmaticaCK-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-koi-8"
-adobe-helvetica-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1 "-paragraph-PragmaticaCK-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-koi-8"
-adobe-helvetica-bold-o-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1 "-paragraph-PragmaticaCK-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-koi-8"
Takoj fajl postavlyaetsya vmeste s nashim paketom, no ego podstanovka VYKLYUCHENA
(smotri fajl /usr/openwin/lib/locale/C/OWfontpath dlya vklyucheniya).
Katalog $OPENWINHOME/lib/X11/fonts/cyrill-aliases++
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Kak raz odin iz dvuh alias-katalogov,
zapisannyh v /usr/openwin/lib/locale/C/OWfontpath
|tot katalog prednaznachen dlya kirillizacii
Sun-ovskogo produkta ShowMe.
|tot produkt ShowMe zaprashivaet 4 shrifta
po XLFD shablonam:
-*-helvetica-bold-r-*--12-*
-*-helvetica-bold-r-*--14-*
-*-helvetica-medium-r-*--18-*
-*-helvetica-medium-r-*--24-*
Im udovletvoryayut shrifty
-adobe-helvetica-bold-r-normal--12-120-75-75-p-70-iso8859-1
-adobe-helvetica-bold-r-normal--14-140-75-75-p-82-iso8859-1
-adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--18-180-75-75-p-98-iso8859-1
-adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--24-240-75-75-p-130-iso8859-1
CHtoby bralis' russkie shrifty, sleduet v spiske fontov PERED
-adobe- shriftami pomestit' nekie kirillicheskie fonty,
udovletvoryayushchie tem zhe XLFD shablonam.
Poimenuem eti shrifty tak:
-ada-helvetica-bold-r-normal--12-120-75-75-p-70-iso8859-1
-ada-helvetica-bold-r-normal--14-140-75-75-p-82-iso8859-1
-ada-helvetica-medium-r-normal--18-180-75-75-p-98-iso8859-1
-ada-helvetica-medium-r-normal--24-240-75-75-p-130-iso8859-1
Programmy, yavno ukazyvayushchie -adobe-* ,
ne budut zatronuty etim mehanizmom sinonimov.
K sozhaleniyu, mnogie drugie produkty ispol'zuyut shablony im£n fontov
s podobnoj specifikaciej, naprimer Open Vision HA ispol'zuet
*hel*-b*-r-*-14-*
*hel*-b*-r-*-18-*
kotorye v itoge otobrazhayutsya v SLISHKOM BOLXSHIE russkie shrifty.
V etom sluchaet slduet libo:
1) zakommentirovat' pervuyu stroku v OWfontpath
!$OPENWINHOME/lib/X11/fonts/cyrill-aliases++
V DANNOJ VERSII PAKETA |TA STROKA KAK RAZ ZAKOMMENTIROVANA (VYKLYUCHENA).
2) Pered zapuskom programmy nabrat' vruchnuyu (ili iz komandnogo fajla)
% xset -fp $OPENWINHOME/lib/X11/fonts/cyrill-aliases++
(chto udalyaet etot katalog iz puti poiska fontov)
Nabor PostScript Adobe Type I fontov.
=====================================
Dannye fonty licenzirovany u kompanii Paragraph.
Ih ispol'zovanie: -fn -
naprimer xfd -fn XeniaExtendedC-Bold-40
xterm -fn AcademyC-14
xfd - programma prosmotra fontov, poleznaya dlya togo,
chtoby uznat' kak oni vyglyadyat.
Fonty, pomechennye nizhe znachkom '+', ne mogut byt' ispol'zovany okonnoj sistemoj i
PostScript printerami, nachinaya s HP LaserJet 4 (fonty ustareli).
Odnako NeWSprint v sostoyanii pechatat' fajly, sdelannye s ih ispol'zovaniem.
Tem ne menee rekomenduetsya ih ne ispol'zovat'.
Fonty v al'ternativnoj kodirovke dlya PC:
Courier866-normal
Courier866-Bold
Courier866-BoldItalic
Courier866-Italic
Fonty v tr£h populyarnyh kodirovkah:
MS Windows 1251 ISO 8859/5 KOI-8
AcademyC-Bold AcademyC5-Bold AcademyCK-Bold
+ AcademyC-Italic AcademyC5-Italic AcademyCK-Italic
AcademyC AcademyC5 AcademyCK
AdverGothicC AdverGothicC5 AdverGothicCK
AstronC AstronC5 AstronCK
+ BalticaC-Bold BalticaC5-Bold BalticaCK-Bold
+ BalticaC-Italic BalticaC5-Italic BalticaCK-Italic
+ BalticaC BalticaC5 BalticaCK
BetinaScriptC-Bold BetinaScriptC5-Bold BetinaScriptCK-Bold
BetinaScriptC BetinaScriptC5 BetinaScriptCK
+ BodoniC-Bold BodoniC5-Bold BodoniCK-Bold
+ BodoniC-BoldItalic BodoniC5-BoldItalic BodoniCK-BoldItalic
+ BodoniC-Italic BodoniC5-Italic BodoniCK-Italic
+ BodoniC BodoniC5 BodoniCK
+ BodoniCondC BodoniCondC5 BodoniCondCK
CompactC-Bold CompactC5-Bold CompactCK-Bold
CompactC-BoldItalic CompactC5-BoldItalic CompactCK-BoldItalic
CompactC-Italic CompactC5-Italic CompactCK-Italic
CompactC CompactC5 CompactCK
CorridaC CorridaC5 CorridaCK
CourierC-Bold CourierC5-Bold CourierCK-Bold
CourierC-BoldItalic CourierC5-BoldItalic CourierCK-BoldItalic
CourierC-Italic CourierC5-Italic CourierCK-Italic
CourierC CourierC5 CourierCK
DecorC DecorC5 DecorCK
DidonaC DidonaC5 DidonaCK
FreeSetC-Bold FreeSetC5-Bold FreeSetCK-Bold
FreeSetC FreeSetC5 FreeSetCK
FuturaEugeniaC FuturaEugeniaC5 FuturaEugeniaCK
FuturisC FuturisC5 FuturisCK
FuturisXC-Bold FuturisXC5-Bold FuturisXCK-Bold
FuturisXC FuturisXC5 FuturisXCK
FuturisXCondC-Bold FuturisXCondC5-Bold FuturisXCondCK-Bold
FuturisXCondC FuturisXCondC5 FuturisXCondCK
InformC-Bold InformC5-Bold InformCK-Bold
InformC InformC5 InformCK
IzhitsaC IzhitsaC5 IzhitsaCK
JournalC-Bold JournalC5-Bold JournalCK-Bold
JournalC-Italic JournalC5-Italic JournalCK-Italic
JournalC JournalC5 JournalCK
JournalSansC-Bold JournalSansC5-Bold JournalSansCK-Bold
JournalSansC-Italic JournalSansC5-Italic JournalSansCK-Italic
JournalSansC JournalSansC5 JournalSansCK
LazurskiC-Bold LazurskiC5-Bold LazurskiCK-Bold
LazurskiC-BoldItalic LazurskiC5-BoldItalic LazurskiCK-BoldItalic
LazurskiC-Italic LazurskiC5-Italic LazurskiCK-Italic
LazurskiC LazurskiC5 LazurskiCK
MonoCondensedC-Bold MonoCondensedC5-Bold MonoCondensedCK-Bold
MonoCondensedC-BoldItalic MonoCondensedC5-BoldItalic MonoCondensedCK-BoldItal
MonoCondensedC-Italic MonoCondensedC5-Italic MonoCondensedCK-Italic
MonoCondensedC MonoCondensedC5 MonoCondensedCK
MyslC-Bold MyslC5-Bold MyslCK-Bold
MyslC-BoldItalic MyslC5-BoldItalic MyslCK-BoldItalic
MyslC-Italic MyslC5-Italic MyslCK-Italic
MyslC MyslC5 MyslCK
NewtonC-Bold NewtonC5-Bold NewtonCK-Bold
NewtonC-BoldItalic NewtonC5-BoldItalic NewtonCK-BoldItalic
NewtonC-Italic NewtonC5-Italic NewtonCK-Italic
NewtonC NewtonC5 NewtonCK
NewtonXC NewtonXC5 NewtonXCK
ParsekC ParsekC5 ParsekCK
PetersburgC-Bold PetersburgC5-Bold PetersburgCK-Bold
PetersburgC-BoldItalic PetersburgC5-BoldItalic PetersburgCK-BoldItalic
PetersburgC-Italic PetersburgC5-Italic PetersburgCK-Italic
PetersburgC PetersburgC5 PetersburgCK
PragmaticaC-Bold PragmaticaC5-Bold PragmaticaCK-Bold
PragmaticaC-BoldItalic PragmaticaC5-BoldItalic PragmaticaCK-BoldItalic
PragmaticaC-Italic PragmaticaC5-Italic PragmaticaCK-Italic
PragmaticaC PragmaticaC5 PragmaticaCK
PragmaticaCondC-Bold PragmaticaCondC5-Bold PragmaticaCondCK-Bold
PragmaticaCondC PragmaticaCondC5 PragmaticaCondCK
QuantAntiquaC-Bold QuantAntiquaC5-Bold QuantAntiquaCK-Bold
QuantAntiquaC-Italic QuantAntiquaC5-Italic QuantAntiquaCK-Italic
QuantAntiquaC QuantAntiquaC5 QuantAntiquaCK
SchoolBookC-Bold SchoolBookC5-Bold SchoolBookCK-Bold
SchoolBookC-BoldItalic SchoolBookC5-BoldItalic SchoolBookCK-BoldItalic
SchoolBookC-Italic SchoolBookC5-Italic SchoolBookCK-Italic
SchoolBookC SchoolBookC5 SchoolBookCK
StandardPosterC StandardPosterC5 StandardPosterCK
TextBookC-Bold TextBookC5-Bold TextBookCK-Bold
TextBookC-Italic TextBookC5-Italic TextBookCK-Italic
TextBookC TextBookC5 TextBookCK
XeniaC XeniaC5 XeniaCK
XeniaCondensedC XeniaCondensedC5 XeniaCondensedCK
XeniaExtendedC-Bold XeniaExtendedC5-Bold XeniaExtendedCK-Bold
XeniaExtendedC XeniaExtendedC5 XeniaExtendedCK
XeniaWesternC-Italic XeniaWesternC5-Italic XeniaWesternCK-Italic
ZhikharevC ZhikharevC5 ZhikharevCK
Kak dobavit' svoyu podlozhku ekrana v CDE
=======================================
Pust' u vas est' myfile.gif ili myfile.jpg
Smotrite etot fajl pri pomoshchi programmy
/usr/local/bin/xv myfile.gif
Nazhmite v okne PRAVOJ knopkoj myshi.
V menyu vybiraete punkt "Save".
V menyu formatov vybiraete XPM/FullColor/OK.
Zatem Quit.
V itoge vy poluchaete fajl myfile.xpm
Dalee pereimenujte ego:
mv myfile.xpm myfile.pm
Zatem posmotrite KONEC etogo fajla redaktorom vi
vi myfile.pm
Fajl dolzhen konchat'sya tak:
......"
};
Esli nizhe est' musor - udalite ego.
Teper' proverka:
sxpm myfile.pm
dolzhno pokazat' etot obraz.
Teper' pomestim etot obraz v standartnoe mesto:
mv myfile.pm /etc/dt/backdrops/myfile.pm
Teper' vy mozhete vybrat' ego v menedzhere oformleniya vida rabochego stola.
Mozhno zadat' fon vruchnuyu: v fajle
$HOME/.dt/sessions/home/dt.resources
Sleduet napisat' stroki
Dtwm*0*ws4*backdrop*image: myfile
gde 4 - nomer workspace ot NULYA nachinaya.
Esli vy hotite ispol'zovat' etu kartinku kak zastavku pri vhode v sistemu
(dlya dtlogin), to vam sleduet zadat' v fajle
/etc/dt/config/Xresources
stroku:
Dtlogin*logo*bitmapFile: /etc/dt/backdrops/myfile.pm
Dopolnitel'nye programmy.
=========================
Vsyakaya vsyachina pomeshchena v katalog /usr/local, real'no razmeshch£nnyj v /opt/local.
Obychno v /usr/local razmeshchayutsya chasto ispol'zuemye, no ne standartnye programmy,
vrode programm iz GNU. /usr/local (to est' /opt/local) mozhet trebovat' do soten
Megabajt diskovogo prostranstva. K primeru, dovol'no nebol'shoj local na mashine avtora
paketa zanimaet 18 MB.
|ti programmy dolzhny sohranyat'sya pri pereinstallyacii sistemy, poetomu /usr/local
dolzhen byt' libo otdel'noj fajlovoj sistemoj (ili razdelom diska),
libo razmeshchat'sya na sohranyaemoj oblasti (kakovoj obychno yavlyaetsya /opt).
1) S paketom postavlyaetsya virtual'nyj okonnyj menedzher
/usr/local/bin/olvwm,
podrobnuyu instrukciyu po kotoromu vy mozhete najti po komande
man olvwm
man olvwmrc
olvwm pozvolyaet imet' mnogo graficheskih terminalov na odnom (virtual'nye ekrany),
a takzhe pozvolyaet rabotat' s oknami razmerom bol'she ekrana terminala.
-------------------------------------------------------------
| Pereklyuchenie ekranov po Meta (klavisha s rombom) + Fn. |
-------------------------------------------------------------
Vy mozhete zadat' zapusk opredel£nnyh programm srazu na zadannom
virtual'nom ekrane pri pomoshchi fajla $HOME/.olvwmrc, naprimer:
Screen 4 { AnswerBook }
Screen 5 { Audio }
2) programmy perekodirovki iz odnoj kodirovki v druguyu,
razmeshch£nnye v /usr/local/bin
koi2iso < KOI_file > ISO_file
koi2iso -from < ISO_file > KOI_file
koi2win [-plain] < KOI_file > MS_Windows_file
koi2win [-plain] -from < MS_Windows_file > KOI_file
koi2dos - programma perekodirovki KOI-8 v al'ternativnuyu kodirovku dlya IBM PC (MS DOS).
koi2dos -from - iz al'ternativnoj kodirovki v KOI-8
chcode [-replace] files....
chcode [-r] files....
programma perekodirovki iz lyuboj kodirovki v lyubuyu.
Klyuch -replace (ili -r) zada£t, chto fajl v novoj kodirovke zamestit
ishodnyj fajl na prezhnem meste. Bez etogo klyucha perekodirovannyj
fajl vyda£tsya v standartnyj vyvod.
V kachestve i mogut byt' ispol'zovany:
koi_8
mswcyr
iso_8859_5
altdos
3) Programma dlya smeny kodirovki na klaviature na letu:
xloadmap - zagruzhaet kodirovku, kotoruyu ona vybiraet po
soderzhimomu peremennoj okruzheniya $LANG.
Esli peremennaya ne opredelena - zagruzhaetsya koi_8.
xloadmap
- zagruzhaet kodirovku po imeni.
V kachestve imeni dopustimy
koi_8
iso_8859_5
mswcyr
altdos
4) Razlichnye programmy:
whichlang
- pytaetsya opredelit' tip russkoj kodirovki,
ispol'zovannoj v dannom fajle.
Ispol'zovanie standartnogo vvoda:
whichlang --
xspy - demon, indiciruyushchij v verhnem pravom uglu ekrana
sostoyanie klavish i modifikatorov,
a takzhe koordinaty kursora myshi.
|tot demon zazhigaet lampochku Compose
vmesto lampochki CapsLock.
xfonts - demonstrator russkih fontov.
cxterm - cvetnoj X-terminal (smotri man cxterm).
On osnovan na MITovskom xterm i yavlyaetsya chast'yu
distributiva X Window System.
On (v otlichie ot vseh Sun-ovskih programm) ne
ispol'zuet ni OpenLook (XView) ni Motif.
Vy mozhete pereklyuchat' razmer shriftov v okne pri pomoshchi menyu,
vyzyvaemogo po CTRL + PravayaKnopkaMyshi.
|to edinstvennaya konsol', podderzhivayushchaya psevdografiku.
Zapustite komandu
/usr/local/bin/pseudographics
dlya polucheniya spiska kodov psevdograficheskih simvolov.
VNIMANIE! Edinstvennyj Adobe Type1 font, podderzhivayushchij psevdografiku -
eto semejstvo Courier866.
Poetomu pechat' fajlov, soderzhashchih psevdografiku,
sleduet osushchestvlyat' cherez fil'tr ensc (smotri nizhe),
kotoryj perekodiruet tekst v MS DOS al'ternativnuyu kodirovku
i ispol'zuet shrifty
Courier866-normal
Courier866-Bold
Courier866-Italic
Courier866-BoldItalic
Poprobujte komandu
pseudographics | ensc | dolp
cxterm vypolnyaet interpretator komand $SHELL,
esli ne ukazano inache. Esli SHELL=/bin/csh (ili vcsh),
to csh vypolnyaet komandnyj fajl
~/.cshrc
Esli vyzyvat'
cxterm -ls
to v okne zapuskaetsya "login shell",
vypolnyayushchij posledovatel'no:
~/.cshrc
~/.login dlya csh
ili
$HOME/.profile dlya sh, ksh
Selekciya teksta v okne cxterm vypolnyaetsya tak:
nazhat' LevuyuKnopkuMyshi - derzha knopku vesti mysh' - otpustit' knopku
ili
klik LevojKnopkoj - pomestit' mysh' v konec - klik PravojKnopkoj
Rasshirenie selekcii - klik PravojKnopkoj.
Snyatie selekcii - klik LevojKnopkoj vne okna.
xterm.altdos - terminal s CP866 kodirovkoj (special'no dlya teh
neschastnyh, kotorye eshch£ ne izbavilis'
ot tyazh£logo naslediya MS DOS).
gzip i gunzip - GNU arhivator: sozda£t *.z fajly.
gzip zameshchaet ishodnyj fajl zakompressirovannym.
gunzip zameshchaet ishodnyj fajl *.z raskompressirovannym.
zcat - programma vydachi *.z fajlov v standartnyj vyvod, naprimer
zcat archive.tar.z | tar xvf -
vcsh - csh s redaktirovaniem stroki (smotri man vcsh).
wm - window manager dlya alfavitno-cifrovyh terminalov (sm man wm).
less - programma prosmotra fajlov (analog more),
umeyushchaya prokruchivat' fajl kak vper£d, tak i nazad.
sxpm - programma prosmotra XPM kartinok.
xv - versii 3. Rasprostranyaetsya kak freeware, avtor bradley@cis.upenn.edu
programma prosmotra rastrov v razlichnyh formatah.
xloadimage - analogichnaya, no bolee prostaya programma. Pozovite xloadimage -help.
Zagruzka krasivogo fona okna: dobav'te v vash ~/.xinitrc
ili ~/.openwin-init stroku
toolwait xloadimage -onroot /usr/openwin/share/images/raster/bg.rs
cproto - programma generacii prototipov funkcij dlya
yazyka Si stilya Kerningana i Richchi (sm. man cproto)
mailx - russkoyazychnyj komandnyj interfejs k elektronnoj pochte RelCom.
Ego nastroechnye fajly - v /usr/local/lib/mail
Smotri man mailx.
Sistemnyj administrator OBYAZAN nastroit' fajl
/usr/local/lib/mail/maildomain
i /usr/local/lib/mail/Mail.rc
zapisav v nego imya vashego pochtovogo domena.
Stroka From: vashego pis'ma sostavlyaetsya po shablonu
headline From '$r <$u@$h>'
(smotri fajl Mail.rc), gde $u - imya pol'zovatelya,
a $h - imya pochtovogo domena. Esli ono ne zadano v fajle -
ispol'zuetsya kratkoe imya vashej mashiny (hostname).
Esli vash pochtovyj adres user@host.msk.su
to zapishite v /usr/local/lib/mail/maildomain stroku
host.msk.su
Mozhno bylo by sdelat' etot process konstruirovaniya imeni
bolee intellektual'nym, no tak - po moemu opytu - proshche.
quatro - programma dlya pereformatirovaniya PostScript fajlov.
K primeru, pechat' po dve stranicy na stranice bumagi:
zcat file.ps.gz | quatro -2z | dolp
Smotri spisok klyuchej po quatro -h
killproc Programma dlya ubivaniya processa po imeni:
killproc xclock
strlook Programma dlya pokaza steka STREAMS modulej.
pcal - programma dlya pechati kalendarej na yazyke PostScript
pcal -w pechataet kalendar' na ves' god
Smotri man pcal
Vyzov: pcal | dolp
pcal -w | dolp
mosaic - Internet-ovskij gipertekst.
smtpgate - perekodirovshchik pochty dlya PCshek.
Smotri README v /usr/local/src/smtpgate/*
pop2d - POP-2 demon s perekodirovkoj bukv.
Smotri tam zhe.
webcp - programma rekursivnogo kopirovaniya WEB serverov.
Smotri /usr/local/src/webcp/*
V kachestve poleznoj dlya uma pishchi rekomenduetsya chtenie dokumentov
man vcsh
man cbook
man mime
5) Programmy konvertirovaniya Adobe Type I fontov v binarnyj ili tekstovyj vid.
Smotri man t1ascii (1), t1asm (1), t1binary (1), t1disasm (1), unpost (1).
======================
Kak vam uzhe stalo yasno, yazyk opredelyaetsya naborom tr£h komponent:
- peremennoj okruzheniya LANG dlya locale.
- fontom.
- raskladkoj klaviatury.
Pokazhem, kak mozhno zapustit' cxterm, ispol'zuyushchij druguyu kodirovku,
k primeru mswcyr.
Komandnyj fajl dlya etogo dolzhen vyglyadet' tak:
#!/bin/sh
xloadmap mswcyr
LANG=ru.mswcyr cxterm -fn crcW-12
xloadmap # Vosstanovit' predydushchuyu raskladku klaviatury po $LANG
exit 0
Nastrojka vremennoj zony.
=========================
Esli vy ne v prestol'nom grade Moskve ili zhivete ne po moskovskomu vremeni,
vam sleduet nastroit' fajly otnosyashchiesya k TIMEZONE.
1) V kataloge /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo
nahoditsya fajl
/usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/Moscow.src
Prochitajte man zic i man timezone
i po dannomu obrazcu sostav'te svoj fajl s opisaniem vremennoj zony dlya vashego goroda,
pust' eto fajl XXX dlya zony Russia/Town.
Vypolnite komandu
zic XXX
Ona sozdast fajl
/usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/Russia/Town
2) Nastrojte fajly
/etc/timezone -- Russia/Town imya_NIS_domena_vashej_mashiny
/etc/default/init -- TZ=Russia/Town
Obratite vnimanie na fajl /etc/default/init - v nem soderzhatsya peremennye
okruzheniya, vystavlyaemye dlya VSEH pol'zovatelej pri ih vhode v sistemu.
Povedenie knopki v verhnem levom uglu okon.
===========================================
V Solaris 1.1 nazhatie knopki SELECT (levoj) myshi nad treugol'noj
knopkoj v verhnem levom uglu okna privodilo k ikonifikacii okna.
V Solaris 2.x po umolchaniyu proyavlyaetsya okonnoe menyu.
|to povedenie zada£tsya parametrom
OpenWindows.SelectDisplaysMenu: False ili True
V fajle Xdefaults ili ~/.OWdefaults
True - sootvetstvuet proyavke menyu.
False - vypolneniyu pervoj komandy menyu, v dannom sluchae - ikonifikacii okna (Close).
Dannyj paket ustanavlivaet eto znachenie v False.
OpenWindows.SelectDisplaysMenu: False
Resize Cursors
==============
Po umolchaniyu olwm i olvwm dlya izmeneniya razmerov okna ispol'zuyut kursor v vide
kruzhochka. Vy mozhete ispol'zovat' dlya kazhdogo ugla okna svoj sobstvennyj kursor-ugolok,
esli zadadite v fajle
~/.OWdefaults ili ~/.Xdefaults
takoj resurs:
OpenWindows*CursorSpecialResize: True
==================
Cvetnoj X-terminal cxterm podderzhivaet psevdografiku i cveta.
Programmy vcsh, le, wm pol'zuyutsya etimi vozmozhnostyami.
V fajl /etc/termcap (kotoryj est' symlink na /usr/share/lib/termcap)
zanositsya opisanie terminala xterm-Sg dlya cxterm.
Dlya ispol'zovaniya vcsh vam sleduet opisat' sleduyushchie parametry:
f1 f2 ... f9 f0 f. f- opisateli dlya funkcional'nyh klavish
F1 F2 F9 F10 F11 F12
kh - klavisha HOME
kH - klavisha END
kN - klavisha PgDn (Next)
kP - klavisha PgUp (Previous)
kI - klavisha Insert
kD - klavisha Del
kb - klavisha BackSpace
kB - klavisha BACKTAB (Shift + TAB)
kl - klavisha strelka vlevo
kr - klavisha strelka vpravo
ku - klavisha strelka vverh
kd - klavisha strelka vniz
gs - komanda vklyucheniya rezhima psevdografiki
ge - komanda vyklyucheniya rezhima psevdografiki
g1 - opisateli tonkih psevdograficheskih ramok
g2 - opisateli tolstyh psevdograficheskih ramok
g1=HV123456789
H - gorizontal'naya liniya
V - vertikal'naya liniya
7--8--9
| | |
4--5--6
| | |
1--2--3
STREAMS-modul' transliteracii (perekodirovki).
==============================================
Razlichnye mashiny, podklyuch£nnye k stancii cherez posledovatel'nye porty
ili set' mogut imet' razlichnye kodirovki. Harakternym primerom yavlyaetsya
telnet v PC NFS, gde PC imeet kodirovku "Al'ternativnaya DOS",
a stanciya k primeru - KOI-8.
Pri kommunikacii s takimi abonentami dolzhno proishodit' preobrazovanie kodirovki.
Dlya etogo v sostave paketa imeetsya STREAMS-modul' "trcode".
PROGRAMMA POLXZOVATELYA
write() read() sistemnye
ioctl() vyzovy
| A
| |
|WRITE |READ
| |
[==========================] ttcompat
[==========================] ldterm
[==========================] trcode
| |
V |
ekran klaviatura drajver ustrojstva
######### ============
Kazhdyj iz potokov: READ i WRITE mozhet nahodit'sya v dvuh sostoyaniyah: NORMAL i ALTER.
Kazhdoe iz sostoyanij imeet svoyu perekodirovochnuyu tablicu, perekodiruyushchee idushchij
po potoku simvol v nekij drugoj. |ti tablicy mogut zagruzhat'sya iz programmy
pri pomoshchi vyzova ioctl(), libo iz nekotorogo nabora standartnyh tablic.
Sobstvenno "sostoyanie" i opredelyaet to, cherez kotoruyu iz tablic
proishodit perekodirovka.
Imeyutsya takzhe pereklyuchatel'nye simvoly: popadanie takogo simvola v potok
vyzyvaet pereklyuchenie sostoyaniya, sam simvol pri etom vych£rkivaetsya iz potoka.
Pereklyuchatel'nye simvoly mogut sovpadat', togda povtornyj vvod pereklyuchatel'nogo
simvola menyaet sostoyanie na protivopolozhnoe.
Obychno simvoly-pereklyuchateli aktivirovany tol'ko na storone READ
(to, chto postupaet v mashinu s klaviatury).
Po umolchaniyu zhe oni vyklyucheny vovse ('\0).
Simvol CTRL/N pereklyuchaet sostoyanie NORMAL --> ALTER
Simvol CTRL/O pereklyuchaet sostoyanie ALTER --> NORMAL
Krome togo, modul' "trcode" ved£t podsch£t simvolov, proshedshih cherez nego v obeih
napravleniyah. |ti sch£tchiki mogut byt' zaprosheny programmoj i mogut byt'
ispol'zovany dlya podsch£ta traffika.
Interfejs iz yazyka "Si".
------------------------
poka ne opisan v dannom dokumente.
Komandnyj interfejs.
--------------------
V pakete imeyutsya takzhe dve programmy, pozvolyayushchie
ispol'zovat' sistemnye vyzovy k modulyu "trcode" iz
komandnoj stroki.
1) Programma strlook - vyda£t spisok modulej, nahodyashchihsya v STREAMe.
strlook - vyda£t informaciyu pro vash upravlyayushchij terminal.
strlook ... - vyda£t informaciyu pro perechislennye ustrojstva.
strlook -i - pro stdin
strlook -o - pro stdout
|ta komanda pokazyvaet tekushchie flagi i sostoyanie modulya "trcode",
esli takovoj imeetsya v stream-e.
2) Programma trload - upravlenie modulem "trcode".
trload -i vypolnyaet komandy po kanalu stdin
trload -o stdout (umolchanie)
trload -e stderr
trload -t /dev/tty
|ti klyuchi dolzhny byt' PERVYMI v komandnoj stroke.
trload [-v] -query
trload [-v] -q
Bez klyucha -v vyda£t kod otveta 0, esli modul' trcode est' na steke modulej;
1, esli ego net.
S klyuchom -v eshch£ i raspechatyvaet stek STREAMS modulej.
trload [-v]
trload -load
Zagruzhaet modul' trcode v STREAM.
Poluchaetsya sleduyushchaya konfiguraciya:
ttcompat - modul' sovmestimosti s BSD
ldterm - line discipline, smotri man termio i termios
trcode - modul' perekodirovki
Klyuch -v zastavlyaet napechatat' staruyu i novuyu konfiguracii.
trunload [-v]
trload -u
trload -unload
Vygruzhaet modul' trcode iz STREAMa.
Poluchaetsya sleduyushchaya konfiguraciya:
ttcompat
ldterm
trload -push
Zagruzhaet modul' trcode na vershinu STREAMa.
trload -pop
Vygruzhaet pervyj sverhu modul' trcode iz STREAMa.
Moduli, lezhavshie vyshe nego, kladutsya obratno na STREAM.
trload -tname
Zagruzhaet v modul' trcode odnu iz predopredel£nnyh tablic perekodirovki.
Format sleduyushchij (skobki <> ne vhodyat v imya, dvoetochie - vhodit):
RN::
RA::
WN::
WA::
R oznachaet zagruzku v kanal READ
W WRITE
N oznachaet zagruzku tablicy dlya sostoyaniya NORMAL
A ALTER
i - imena kodirovok:
koi_8
iso_8859_5
mswcyr
altdos
Para ":" zada£t zagruzku tablicy, perekodiruyushchej
iz kodirovki
v kodirovku
Est' eshch£ sleduyushchie predopredel£nnye tablicy:
I:I - nichego ne perekodirovat' (samo v sebya)
qwerty:koi_8
qwerty:iso_8859_5
qwerty:mswcyr
Tri poslednih tablicy prednaznacheny dlya raboty s terminalom,
ne podderzhivayushchim vos'mibitovyj vvod s klaviatury.
|ti tablicy pozvolyayut perekodirovat' kody latinskih klavish
qwerty... QWERTY...
v sootvetstvuyushchie russkie kody
jcuken... JCUKEN...
pereklyuchayas' mezhdu nimi po CTRL/N, CTRL/O.
trload -tload
Zagruzhaet v modul' trcode tablicu iz fajla.
Parametr imeet vid:
RN:
RA:
WN:
WA:
gde vy mozhete pridumat' proizvol'no po svoemu vkusu.
Fajl s tablicej imeet sleduyushchij format:
- pustye stroki i stroki, nachinayushchiesya s # - eto kommentarii.
- fajl sostoit iz strok vida:
# kommentarij
'1' 200
'A' 201
243 253
0xFF 222
120 'A'
55 0xFE
66 ^G
Pervaya kolonka zada£t kod simvola KOTORYJ nado perekodirovat',
vtoraya - kod simvola V KOTORYJ nado perekodirovat'.
Kod simvola mozhet zadavat'sya v lyuboj iz sleduyushchih form:
'c' - simvol predstavlyaet sam sebya
0xFF - shestnadcatirichnoe chislo
^C - CTRL/simvol
\377 - vos'mirichnoe chislo
999 - desyatichnoe chislo
Simvoly, ne perechislennye v dannom fajle, perekodiruyutsya sami v sebya.
trload -rswitchN c
trload -rswitchA c
trload -wswitchN c
trload -wswitchA c
Zada£t simvoly pereklyucheniya sostoyanij.
r - dlya READ, w - dlya WRITE.
N - iz NORMAL v ALTER, A - iz ALTER v NORMAL.
Simvol mozhet byt' ukazan v vide:
^- ili NO ili none - nulevoj bajt,
vyklyuchaet simvol pereklyucheniya
^C - CTRL/bukva
(dlya csh: "^C" )
c - prosto bukva
trload -rstate N
trload -rstate A
trload -wstate N
trload -wstate A
Ustanavlivaet sostoyanie kanala:
rstate - READ, wstate - WRITE.
N - sostoyanie v NORMAL, A - v ALTER.
Argumenty (krome -unload i -pop) mogut vystupat' v kombinacii:
trload -o -v -push -tname RN:koi_8:altdos
strlook
Poskol'ku programmnye konveery v UNIX takzhe realizovany cherez STREAMS,
my mozhem ispol'zovat' modul' "trcode" vnutri truby:
date | ( trload -i -v -push -tname RN:koi_8:altdos ; cat )
ili
(trload -o -push -tname WN:koi_8:altdos; date) | cat
ili
(trload -push -tname WN:koi_8:altdos; date) | cat
budet poluchen otvet v al'ternativnoj DOSovskoj kodirovke (pri uslovii, chto date
vyda£t v KOI-8).
3) Komandnyj fajl dosterm
Zagruzhaet modul' trcode i sootvetstvuyushchie tablicy dlya ispol'zovaniya
s telnet-om iz PC NFS.
Posle vhoda s PC na stanciyu cherez telnet,
naberite komandu dosterm.
Ona zadast preobrazovanie iz Al'ternativnoj DOSovskoj kodirovki na PC
v tu kodirovku, kotoraya zadana v vashej peremennoj sredy $LANG.
4) Komandnyj fajl dumbterm
Zagruzhaet modul' trcode i sootvetstvuyushchie tablicy dlya ispol'zovaniya
s "tupym terminalom" cherez CTRL/N CTRL/O i QWERTY-raskladku.
Eshch£ primer:
~~~~~~~~~~
trload -tname RA:qwerty:koi_8 -rswitchN ^N -rswitchA ^O -escseq on -esclength 3
V dannom sluchae u nas imeetsya terminal, funkcional'nye klavishi
i klavishi so strelkami kotorogo generiruyut ESC-posledovatel'nosti vida
ESC [ A
Esli my vklyuchili po CTRL/N russkij vvod, to podobnaya posledovatel'nost'
vved£tsya kak ESC [ F i ne budet raspoznana programmoj chteniya
funkcional'nyh klavish (ibo eto ne sootvetstvuet opisaniyam v
terminfo ili termcap).
Dlya etogo predusmotreny tri klyucha, obespechivayushchie otmenu perekodirovki
v russkie bukvy ESC-posledovatel'nostej.
trload -esc c
Zada£t simvol, oboznachayushchij nachalo ESC-posledovatel'nosti.
Po umolchaniyu eto simvol ESC - on zhe ^[ ili '\033'
trload -escseq on
trload -escseq off
Vklyuchit'/vyklyuchit' prosmotr ESC-posledovatel'nostej.
Po umolchaniyu vklyuch£n.
trload -esclength N (N obychno 3)
Ne perekodirovat' ESC-posledovatel'nosti dliny N.
Po umolchaniyu 0 - vyklyucheno.
To est', esli so vvoda postupil simvol ESC
(ukazannyj v -esc c),
to NE perekodirovat' ego i posleduyushchie N-1 simvolov.
Tak dlya "ESC [ A" dlina kak raz ravna 3.
Uvy, dannaya vozmozhnost' ne da£t resheniya pri ESC-posledovatel'nostyah
peremennoj dliny, vrode
ESC [ A i ESC [ 2 2 2 z
Eshch£ primer:
~~~~~~~~~~
trload -load -tname RA:qwerty:koi_8 -rswitchN "^N" -rswitchA "^O" -escseq on -esctime 33
trload -esctime N
Ispol'zuet inuyu strategiyu raboty s ESC-posledovatel'nostyami.
Pri poluchenii simvola ESC (zadannogo v -esc C),
otmenyaetsya perekodirovka na vvode na vremennoj interval
N tikov (v sekunde soderzhitsya 100 tikov - dlya Solaris 2.x).
Pri etom posledovatel'nosti vrode
ESC [ A
ESC [ 2 2 2 z
generiruyutsya "kompaktno vo vremeni" i uspevayut projti cherez
modul' perekodirovki za eto korotkoe vremya.
Zatem perekodirovka avtomaticheski vosstanavlivaetsya.
|tot podhod reshaet takzhe problemu odinochnogo ESC,
posle kotorogo ne sleduyut nikakie inye simvoly,
to est' vse posleduyushchie simvoly vvodimye pol'zovatelem
nado perekodirovat' obychnym obrazom.
Problemoj teper' yavlyaetsya vybor udachnogo intervala N.
1) Slishkom malen'kij interval mozhet okazat'sya nedostatochnym dlya
prohozhdeniya vsej ESC-posledovatel'nosti.
2) Slishkom bol'shoj interval mozhet privesti k tomu,
chto vy vs£ eshch£ budete imet' vystavlennyj flag otmeny perekodirovki,
kogda e£ uzhe pora by nachat' vypolnyat'.
Interval etot dolzhen byt' yavno men'she 1 sekundy.
Na konsoli SPARC-stancii podhodyashchim yavlyaetsya znachenie 3 tika.
Dlya terminalov, veroyatno, prigodno znachenie 33 = 1/3 sekundy.
Imenno etot metod ispol'zovan v dumbterm.
Eshch£ primer:
~~~~~~~~~~
Mogut byt' neskol'ko tipov ESC-posledovatel'nostej,
vrode
ESC [ A
^A A
Poetomu predusmotreno neskol'ko simvolov, nachinayushchih ESC-posledovatel'nosti:
trload -esc c
trload -esc2 c
trload -esc3 c
trload -esc4 c
Kak dobavlyat' Adobe Type I fonty v X Window System.
===================================================
1) Polozhit' fajly konturov i metrik
Font.pfa Font.afm
Font-Bold.pfa Font-Bold.afm
Font-Italic.pfa Font-Italic.afm
Font-BoldItalic.pfa Font-BoldItalic.afm
v /usr/openwin/lib/X11/fonts/Type1 /usr/openwin/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/afm
(dalee $DIR) ($DIR/afm)
2) Vzyat' i rukami dopisat' v fajl $DIR/fonts.scale
Font.pfa -company-fontname-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-koi-8
Font-Bold.pfa -company-fontname-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-koi-8
Font-Italic.pfa -company-fontname-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-koi-8
Font-BoldItalic.pfa -company-fontname-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-koi-8
-p-
dlya proporcional'nyh shriftov
-m-
dlya fixed width, monospaced
gde company - nazvanie kompanii-razrabotchika fonta (naprimer, paragraph),
a fontname - nazvanie semejstva fontov, k primeru
-koi-8
-iso8859-5
-ibm-1251
-ibm-866
3) Vypolnit' v kataloge $DIR komandu
mkfontdir
kotoraya sozda£t fajl $DIR/fonts.dir
3.1) Dlya ispol'zovaniya s Dispaly PostScript sleduet vypolnit' v kataloge
$DIR komandu
/usr/openwin/bin/makepsres
kotoraya sozda£t fajl PSres.upr
4) Dlya ispol'zovaniya kratkih im£n fontov (a ne dlinnyh XLFD - X logical font description)
sleduet rukami dobavit' v fajl
$DIR/fonts.alias
sleduyushchie opredeleniya:
Font "-company-fontname-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-koi-8"
Font-Bold "-company-fontname-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-koi-8"
Font-Italic "-company-fontname-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-koi-8"
Font-BoldItalic "-company-fontname-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-koi-8"
LAST) Soobshchit' okonnoj sisteme o dobavlenii novogo fonta (fontov).
Libo: xset fp rehash
(esli dobavlyali v /usr/openwin/lib/X11/fonts/Type1)
Libo: xset fp+ $DIR
(esli my SOZDALI svoj katalog $DIR)
TEST) Prosmotr, poyavilsya li font v spiske dostupnyh:
xset -q
xlsfonts | more
V spiske dolzhny poyavit'sya i kratkie i polnye imena novyh fontov.
Prosmotr tablicy bukv:
xfd -fn Font-n
xfd -fn Font-Bold-n
xfd -fn Font-Italic-n
xfd -fn Font-BoldItalic-n
gde n - chislo, razmer v pikselah.
Pechat' na PostScript printere.
==============================
Dannyj paket predostavlyaet podderzhku TOLXKO dlya printerov,
podderzhivayushchih PostScript (i dlya paketa NeWSprint).
Kak voobshche installirovat' printer?
==================================
Pust' u nas est' HP LaserJet 4M+ s vstroennymi russkimi shriftami
v al'ternativnoj kodirovke (altdos) i vstavlennym interpretatorom yazyka PostScript.
My dolzhny dobavit' printer pri pomoshchi programmy admintool,
pri etom ukazav:
PrinterPort = /dev/bpp0
PrinterType = PostScript !!! ne HewlettPackard Printer !!!
FileContents = Both PostScript and ASCII
Pust' nash printer poluchil imya ImyaPrintera
Zatem sleduet skopirovat' modificirovannyj interfejsnyj fajl
cp /etc/lp/model/russianPS /etc/lp/interfaces/ImyaPrintera
Posmotrite kommentarii v nachale etogo fajla!
Kak pechatat' krasivo i po-russki?
=================================
Dlya pechati PostScript-fajlov sleduet ispol'zovat' fil'try
/usr/lib/lp/postscript/findPSfont
/usr/lib/lp/postscript/loadPSfont
loadPSfont yavlyaetsya uluchshennoj versiej sistemnogo fil'tra
/usr/lib/lp/postscript/download
On ispol'zuet tablicu shriftov, nahodyashchuyusya v fajle
/usr/share/lib/hostfontdir/map
i vstraivaet ispol'zuemye v *.ps fajle shrifty neposredstvenno v sam fajl
(sm. man download(1)).
Ispol'zovanie:
/usr/lib/lp/postscript/findPSfont < file.ps | /usr/lib/lp/postscript/loadPSfont | lp
Gde file.ps dolzhen imet' zagolovok vida:
%!PS-Adobe-.....
%%DocumentFonts: DecorCK
%%+ ParsekCK
Sushchestvennoj yavlyaetsya stroka
%%DocumentFonts:
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%Creator: Windows PSCRIPT
%%Title: untitled
%%BoundingBox: 20 20 555 802
%%Pages: 1
%%DocumentFonts: DecorCK NewtonCK NewtonCK-Bold
%%DocumentNeededResources: (atend)
%%EndComments
%%BeginSetup
/Word0 (Az esm' znat' russkij yazyk®) def
/DecorCK findfont 60 scalefont setfont
/printWord
{
0 0 moveto
Word0 show
} def
%%EndSetup
%%Page: "one" 1
40 500 translate % move co-ordinate system origin
.95 -.05 0 % start, increment, end
{ % current loop index is on stack
setgray
printWord
-1 .5 translate
} for
1 setgray
printWord
/NewtonCK findfont 60 scalefont setfont
0 setgray
0 150 translate
printWord
/NewtonCK-Bold findfont 60 scalefont setfont
0 setgray
640 -300 translate
-1 1 scale
printWord
showpage
%%Trailer
%%DocumentNeededResources: font NewtonCK-Bold
%%+ font DecorCK
%%+ font NewtonCK
%%EOF
Dlya togo, chtoby vashi fajly pechatalis' cherez NeWSprint,
vy OBYAZANY rasstavit' vse strukturiruyushchie kommentarii %%
i dobavit' kommentarij %%DocumentNeededResources: font ...,
inache NeWSprint mozhet ne najti ispol'zuemyh vami fontov.
Poskol'ku ryad dokumentov ne soderzhit ukazaniya ispol'zuemyh fontov,
predlagaemaya programma findPSfont nahodit v PostScript-ovskom
fajle imena izvestnyh ej fontov i stroit kommentarij s ih spiskom.
Programma findPSfont mozhet takzhe ispol'zovat'sya dlya zameny im£n fontov:
findPSfont -rMAPFILE < file.ps
(prosto klyuch -r dlya ispol'zovaniya fajla
/usr/local/lib/ps/substPSfonts.list)
gde MAPFILE - fajl so strokami vida (para slov)
StaroeImyaFonta NovoeImyaFonta
Courier CourierCK
Courier-Bold CourierCK-Bold
Courier-Italic CourierCK-Italic
Courier-BoldItalic CourierCK-BoldItalic
(pozhalujsta NE pomeshchajte v etot fajl pustyh strok !)
Vse vhozhdeniya StarogoImeniFonta budut v fajle file.ps zameneny na Novoe.
To zhe samoe mozhno poluchit' vyzyvaya findPSfont s klyuchom -s (odnim ili mnogimi):
findPSfont -s: < file.ps
Primer:
findPSfont -sEuroRoman-Oblique:Times-Italic -sSansSerif-Bold:Times-Bold < xxx.ps
Drugoj sposob podmeny PostScript fontov opisan v fajle
/usr/local/lib/ps/alias.ps
Ryad testov i dokumentacii postavlyaetsya s nashim paketom
v kataloge /usr/local/lib/ps
Format PostScript fajla dolzhen byt' primerno takim:
%!PS-Adobe-N.n
%%Creator: kto i chem sozdal
%%CreationDate: data sozdaniya
%%Title: nazvanie
%%BoundingBox: xu yu xl yl
%%Pages: chislo stranic
%%DocumentFonts: spisok fontov ili slovo (atend)
%%EndComments
%%BeginProlog [neobyazatel'nyj]
opredeleniya (def),
nikakih risuyushchih operatorov
%%EndProlog [neobyazatel'nyj]
%%BeginSetup
sekciya operatorov inicializacii printera,
vypolnyaemye operatory
%%EndSetup
%%Page: one 1
vypolnyaemye operatory risovaniya pervoj stranicy
%%Page: two 2
vypolnyaemye operatory risovaniya vtoroj stranicy
.....
%%Page: N n
vypolnyaemye operatory risovaniya n-oj stranicy
%%Trailer
operatory deinicializacii (ochistki)
a takzhe kommentarii, otoslannye sverhu slovom (atend)
%%EOF [neobyazatel'nyj]
[i luchshe ne pisat']
loadPSfont dolzhna byt' chast'yu bolee obshchego komandnogo fajla,
naprimer interfejsnogo fajla /etc/lp/interfaces/,
i ispol'zovat'sya kak odna iz chastej konvejera podgotovki fajla
k pechati na PostScript printere.
V otlichie ot download, loadPSfont ponimaet eshch£ odin format strukturiruyushchih kommentariev:
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Courier866-Bold
%%+ font Courier866-Italic
%%+ font Courier866-normal
%%+ font DecorC
%%+ font IzhitsaC
%%+ font MonoCondensedC
%%+ font NewtonC
%%+ font NewtonC-Bold
%%+ font NewtonC-Italic
%%+ font PragmaticaC
%%+ font PragmaticaC-Bold
%%+ font PragmaticaC-Italic
%%+ font PragmaticaCondC
A takzhe kommentarij
%%IncludeResource: font NewtonC
Komandnyj fajl dlya pechati tekstovyh fajlov russkimi bukvami mog by vyglyadet' tak
(predpolagaetsya, chto tekst - v kodirovke KOI-8):
chcode koi_8 altdos $* | \
/usr/lib/lp/postscript/postprint -f Courier866-normal | \
/usr/lib/lp/postscript/findPSfont | \
/usr/lib/lp/postscript/loadPSfont | \
lp -d
Zdes':
1) chcode - perekodiruet fajl v kodirovku altdos,
kotoruyu imeet font Courier866
(smotri vyshe razdel pro dopolnitel'nye utility).
2) postprint - prevrashchaet obychnyj tekst v PostScript-programmu.
V Solaris-noj programme postprint sdelany pravki
(sm. /usr/lib/lp/postscript/postprint.ps),
pozvolyayushchie pechat' fontami s nestandartnym Encoding-om.
Smotri man postprint (1).
3) findPSfont - sobiraet imena fontov.
4) loadPSfont - vstraivaet fonty.
5) lp - posylaet fajl na printer.
Variant dlya shrifta MonoCondensedCK (on uzhe v kodirovke KOI-8):
/usr/lib/lp/postscript/postprint -f MonoCondensedCK | \
/usr/lib/lp/postscript/findPSfont | \
/usr/lib/lp/postscript/loadPSfont | \
lp -d
Po umolchaniyu postprint zada£t shrift razmerom 10 tochek.
Razmer mozhno izmenit' yavno.
Variant dlya shrifta MonoCondensedCK razmerom 5 tochek:
/usr/lib/lp/postscript/postprint -s 5 -l 0 -f MonoCondensedCK | \
/usr/lib/lp/postscript/findPSfont | \
/usr/lib/lp/postscript/loadPSfont | \
lp -d
-s 5 zada£t razmer shrifta.
-l 0 zada£t razmer stranicy v strokah: 0 zastavlyaet vychislit' ego,
ishodya iz ukazannogo razmera shrifta.
-f zada£t font
-p l zada£t pechat' landscape
-p p zada£t pechat' portrait
-n # zada£t pechat' v # stranic na odnoj. Vnimanie: slishkom dlinnye stroki
ne perenosyatsya i ne obrubayutsya, a zalezayut na chuzhuyu territoriyu.
Pechat' v formate landscape:
/usr/lib/lp/postscript/postprint -p landscape -f MonoCondensedCK | \
/usr/lib/lp/postscript/findPSfont | \
/usr/lib/lp/postscript/loadPSfont | \
lp -d
Pechat' v dve stranicy:
/usr/lib/lp/postscript/postprint -n 2 -s 6 -l 0 -f MonoCondensedCK | \
/usr/lib/lp/postscript/findPSfont | \
/usr/lib/lp/postscript/loadPSfont | \
lp -d
V kachestve zagotovki paket predostavlyaet komandnyj fajl /usr/local/bin/dolp,
ob®edinyayushchij vysheizlozhennoe v pol'zovatel'skij interfejs dlya pechati tekstovyh fajlov (ne *.ps).
Klyuchi vyzova dolp:
-2 v dve stranicy (po 82 stroki na polu-stranice, 104 simvola v shirinu)
-r landscape
-b boldface
-i italic
-B bold+italic
-F shrift Futuris
-M shrift MonoCondensed
-X shrift Xenia
-P shrift Parsek
-N shrift Newton
-R shrift Pragmatica
-a na vhode - ASCII fajl, ne rassmatrivat' PostScript
-p na vhode - PostScript fajl, ne rassmatrivat' ASCII
-v verbose - s otladochnoj vydachej
-sNUM razmer shrifta
-xNUM v NUM stranic na odnoj stranice
-nNUM pechatat' NUM kopij
-dPRINTER vyvod na printer po imeni (inache - na default)
-t'TITLE' napechatat' oblozhku s nadpis'yu TITLE
-lLANG zadanie vhodnoj russkoj kodirovki:
koi_8
iso_8859_5
mswcyr
altdos
Razmer -s8 sootvetstvuet 82 stroki na stranice
-s10 sootvetstvuet 66 strok na stranice.
Po umolchaniyu ustanovlen -s10.
Rekomenduetsya ispol'zovanie v takom konveere:
V 2 stranicy:
lprint -lines 82 -cols 105 fajly... | dolp -s8 -2
V 1 stranicu:
lprint -lines 82 -cols 105 fajly... | dolp -s8
Dlya pechati fajlov, soderzhashchih razmetku pod raznye shrifty,
sleduet ispol'zovat' programmu ensc.
ensc files... | dolp
cat file | ensc | dolp
man cbook | ensc | dolp
ili
man cbook | ensc | lp
Programma ber£t tekstovyj fajl i preobrazuet ego v PostScript.
Predpolagaetsya 66 strok na stranice, kodirovka KOI-8.
"Raznye shrifty" dostigayutsya v tekstovyh fajlah
pri pomoshchi sleduyushchih posledovatel'nostej:
C \b C -> zhirnyj shrift
_ \b C -> kursiv
Vot primer "pod pishushchuyu mashinku" - 41 stroka na liste, 70 simvolov v shirinu:
ensc -s12 -x1.5 -R -t780 -b45 file.lp | dolp
-sN - razmer keglya
Naklonnye shrifty
================
Sushchestvuet dva tipa naklonnyh shriftov:
1) -Italic eto kursiv, special'no razrabotannoe nachertanie nekotoroj
garnitury, modeliruyushchee rukopisnyj shrift so svoim sobstvennym
konturom.
2) -Oblique naklonnyj shrift, poluchaemyj iz pryamogo nachertaniya
izmeneniem koefficienta 'c' v FontMatrix.
Kazhdyj simvol fonta narisovan v koordinatnoj setke razmerom
1000x1000 tochek. Pri vyvode na ustrojstvo on snachala masshtabiruetsya
k setke 1x1, a potom - k razmeru ustrojstva.
Preobrazovanie 1000x1000 --> 1x1 zadaetsya pri pomoshchi matricy
FontMatrix [ a b c d tx ty ]
x1 = a * x1000 + c * y1000 + tx
y1 = b * x1000 + d * y1000 + ty
Obychno matrica imeet vid [ 0.001 0 0
0.001 0 0 ]
Vot primer sozdaniya naklonnogo shrifta iz shrifta NewtonCK.
Zdes' c = 0.001 * sin(ugol_naklona);
Otricatel'noe c sootvetstvuet naklonu vpravo.
/NewtonCK findfont
%%% skopirovat' slovar'
dup length dict begin
{
1 index /FID ne
{def}
{pop pop}
ifelse
} forall
%%% izmenit' matricu
/FontMatrix [ 0.001 0 -0.0005
0.001 0 0 ] def
%%% opredelit' novyj font
currentdict
end
/NewtonCK-Oblique exch definefont pop
%%%
/NewtonCK-Oblique findfont 60 scalefont setfont
Pechat' iz pochty (mailtool)
==========================
Solaris ispol'zuet dlya krasivoj pechati pochty programmu mp
(smotri man mp (1)).
Paket postavlyaet versiyu sluzhebnyh fajlov dlya mp,
pozvolyayushchih pechatat' po-russki v kodirovke KOI-8 (poskol'ku eto -
standartnaya kodirovka dlya pochty v Rossii).
Fajly eti raspolozheny v kataloge
$OPENWINHOME/share/xnews/client/mp/*.ps
Odnako, dlya togo chtoby pochta pechatalas' i russkie fonty nahodilis',
sleduet (v otlichie ot togo, chto opisano v man mp)
zadat' v fajle
~/.mailrc (to est' $HOME/.mailrc)
stroki
set printmail='mp -c 20 -F -l | dolp'
set cmd="mp -c 20 -F | dolp &"
vmesto ukazannyh
set printmail='mp | lp'
set cmd="mp | lp &"
to est' ispol'zovat' dolp vmesto lp.
-F oznachaet pechatat' pole "From" vmesto polya "To"
-l oznachaet pechat' po dve stranicy v formate landscape
(ekonomiya bumagi).
-c 20 oznachaet dlinu familii do 20 bukv (umolchanie - 18)
Pechat' iz printtool i iz filemgr
================================
V domashnem kataloge sushchestvuet fajl
~/.desksetdefaults
v kotorom opisany razlichnye parametry dlya programm deskset,
v tom chisle dlya printtool i filemgr.
Prover'te, chto komandy pechati vyglyadyat tak:
deskset.filemgr.printScript: cat $FILE | mp -l -o | dolp
deskset.printtool.lastPrintMethod: cat $FILE | mp -l | dolp -d $PRINTER
Pechat' dokumentov v formate Letter
==================================
Amerikanskij standart bumagi nazyvaetsya Letter: 8.5" x 11.0"
%%BeginPaperSize: Letter
Rossiya zhe ispol'zuet list formata A4: 8.26" x 11.69"
Bol'shinstvo printerov v Rossii nastroeno pod A4, i kogda na nih
postupaet PostScript dokument v formate Letter,
printer libo nachinaet trebovat' list formata Letter (i potom nazhat' emu
knopku ); libo prosto soobshchaet "nevernyj razmer bumagi"
i otkazyvaetsya pechatat' chto-libo voobshche.
Sushchestvuet sleduyushchij vozmozhnyj sposob bor'by s etim (kotoryj INOGDA rabotaet).
sed "s/612 792/595 842/" < file.ps | lp
Sistema podgotovki tekstov GROFF
================================
Sistema prevrashcheniya razmechennogo special'nym obrazom teksta v
fajl na yazyke PostScript.
Sostoit iz dvuh paketov:
GNUroff - angloyazychnaya versiya
GNUrofCyr - rusifikaciya
smotri man groff
man gtroff
man gpic
man gtbl
itp.
Opisanie sistemy nahoditsya v:
/usr/local/doc/Troff.nroff - opisanie sistemy nroff/troff
/usr/local/doc/Troff.ms-me - opisanie makropaketov MS i ME.
/usr/local/doc/Troff.misc - opisanie paketa ME i sistemy PIC.
Primery i kodovye tablicy nahodyatsya v:
/usr/local/lib/groff/tests
Vyzov formattera teksta:
gpic files... | geqn | gtbl | groff -m | dolp
gpic files... | geqn | gtbl | groff -m > file.ps
groff -m -etp files... | dolp
-e EQN
-t TBL
-p PIC
Dlya togo, chtoby groff ispol'zoval russkuyu kodirovku,
dolzhna byt' opredelena peremennaya sredy
setenv GROFF_TYPESETTER ps-ru.koi_8
setenv GROFF_TYPESETTER ps-ru.iso_8859_5
setenv GROFF_TYPESETTER ps-ru.mswcyr
ili klyuch dlya groff:
-Tps-ru.koi_8
-Tps-ru.iso_8859_5
-Tps-ru.mswcyr
Standartnoe nerusificirovannoe sredstvo formatirovaniya tekstov nazyvaetsya troff:
tbl * | gpic | troff -Tpost -man | /usr/lib/lp/postscript/dpost > file.ps
================
Vypolnyaetsya polnost'yu sredstvami MS Windows, nichego so storony Solaris
ne privlekaetsya.
Poryadok installyacii:
1) WABI 2.x
2) MS Windows 3.1 ili 3.11
3) Kirillicheskie TrueType fonty (*.ttf).
4) Proinstallirovat' kirillizator MS Windows
cyrwin (versij 3 ili 4)
prodavaemyj kompaniej STEEPLER.
(sm katalog cyrwin).
Pri installyacii NE vybirat' punkt menyu "Cyrillic System Fonts",
vybrat' vzamen "Original System Fonts".
5) MS Office
====================
Proizvoditsya sleduyushchim obrazom:
1) installiruetsya netscape (2.0, 3.0 ili vyshe)
/usr/local/bin/netscape
/usr/local/lib/netscape/moz3_0.zip
/usr/local/lib/netscape/plugins/libnullplugin.so
$OPENWINHOME/lib/app-defaults/Netscape
2) zapuskaetsya netscape
3) vybiraetsya menyu
Options/General Preferences/Fonts
v n£m nastraivaem punkty:
For the Encoding: Western (iso-8859-1)
Use the Proportional Font: Application (Dt)
Use the Fixed Font: Application (Dt)
i vybiraem razmery shriftov po vkusu.
4) OK
5) vybiraetsya menyu
Options/Mail and News Preferences
v n£m zapolnyaetsya pole s nazvaniem Vashej organizacii
i vash obratnyj pochtovyj adres.
6) Options/Save Options
vs£.
Dalee sleduet modificirovat' fajl resursov
$OPENWINHOME/lib/app-defaults/Netscape
vnesya v nego takie popravki:
Vot takoj fragment konfiguracionnogo fajla
! ============================================================================
! Fonts in the widgets.
! These fonts are all down in Motif land, and thus are not controlled by the
! font selector on the Preferences dialog. That applies only to fonts in
! the document display area.
! ============================================================================
!
*fontList: -*-helvetica-bold-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*
*XmTextField.fontList: -*-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*
*XmText.fontList: -*-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*
*XmList*fontList: -*-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*
! SGI default:
!*menuBar*fontList: -*-helvetica-bold-o-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*
! Sensible default:
*menuBar*fontList: -*-helvetica-bold-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*
*menuBar*historyTruncated.fontList:\
-*-helvetica-medium-o-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*
*popup*fontList: -*-helvetica-bold-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*
*topArea*fontList: -*-helvetica-bold-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*
*topArea*XmTextField.fontList: -*-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*
*topArea*XmText.fontList: -*-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*
!*bookmark*fontList: -*-helvetica-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*
!*bookmark*fontList: -*-helvetica-bold-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*
!*bookmark*selectedLabel.fontList:\
-*-helvetica-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*
!*bookmark*XmTextField.fontList:-*-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*
!*bookmark*XmText.fontList: -*-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*
*mouseDocumentation.fontList: -*-helvetica-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*
*docinfoButton.fontList: -*-helvetica-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*
*mailto*urlLabel.fontList: -*-helvetica-medium-r-*-*-*-140-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*
*licenseDialog*text.fontList: -*-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*
! These are the fonts used in the outline lists used in Mail, News, Bookmarks,
! and Address Book windows. (Note that there can't be any whitespace after
! the commas.)
*XmLGrid*fontList:\
-*-helvetica-medium-r-*-*-*-100-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*,\
-*-helvetica-bold-r-*-*-*-100-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*=BOLD,\
-*-helvetica-medium-o-*-*-*-100-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*=ITALIC
.................................
!
! Navigator mouse documentation.
!
*tipLabel.fontList: -*-helvetica-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*
Sleduet zamenit' na takoj (CK v sluchae koi_8):
! ============================================================================
! Fonts in the widgets.
! These fonts are all down in Motif land, and thus are not controlled by the
! font selector on the Preferences dialog. That applies only to fonts in
! the document display area.
! ============================================================================
!
*fontList: -*-PragmaticaCK-bold-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*
*XmTextField.fontList: -*-CourierCK-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*
*XmText.fontList: -*-CourierCK-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*
*XmList*fontList: -*-CourierCK-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*
! SGI default:
!*menuBar*fontList: -*-PragmaticaCK-bold-o-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*
! Sensible default:
*menuBar*fontList: -*-PragmaticaCK-bold-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*
*menuBar*historyTruncated.fontList:\
-*-PragmaticaCK-medium-i-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*
*popup*fontList: -*-PragmaticaCK-bold-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*
*topArea*fontList: -*-PragmaticaCK-bold-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*
*topArea*XmTextField.fontList: -*-CourierCK-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*
*topArea*XmText.fontList: -*-CourierCK-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*
!*bookmark*fontList: -*-PragmaticaCK-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*
!*bookmark*fontList: -*-PragmaticaCK-bold-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*
!*bookmark*selectedLabel.fontList:\
-*-Pragmatica-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*
!*bookmark*XmTextField.fontList:-*-CourierCK-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*
!*bookmark*XmText.fontList: -*-CourierCK-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*
*mouseDocumentation.fontList: -*-PragmaticaCK-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*
*docinfoButton.fontList: -*-PragmaticaCK-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*
*mailto*urlLabel.fontList: -*-PragmaticaCK-medium-r-*-*-*-140-*-*-*-*-*-*
*licenseDialog*text.fontList: -*-CourierCK-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*
! These are the fonts used in the outline lists used in Mail, News, Bookmarks,
! and Address Book windows. (Note that there can't be any whitespace after
! the commas.)
*XmLGrid*fontList:\
-*-PragmaticaCK-medium-r-*-*-*-100-*-*-*-*-*-*,\
-*-PragmaticaCK-bold-r-*-*-*-100-*-*-*-*-*-*=BOLD,\
-*-PragmaticaCK-medium-i-*-*-*-100-*-*-*-*-*-*=ITALIC
.................................
!
! Navigator mouse documentation.
!
*tipLabel.fontList: -*-PragmaticaCK-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*
Libo s ispol'zovaniem fontov -dt-.... (chto bylo by luchshe)
esli u vas ustanovlen CDE.
! ============================================================================
! Fonts in the widgets.
! These fonts are all down in Motif land, and thus are not controlled by the
! font selector on the Preferences dialog. That applies only to fonts in
! the document display area.
! ============================================================================
!
*fontList: -dt-application-bold-r-*-sans-*-120-*
*XmTextField.fontList: -dt-application-medium-r-*-serif-*-120-*
*XmText.fontList: -dt-application-medium-r-*-serif-*-120-*
*XmList*fontList: -dt-application-medium-r-*-serif-*-120-*
! SGI default:
!*menuBar*fontList: -dt-application-bold-i-*-sans-*-120-*
! Sensible default:
*menuBar*fontList: -dt-application-bold-r-*-sans-*-120-*
*menuBar*historyTruncated.fontList:\
-dt-application-medium-i-*-sans-*-120-*
*popup*fontList: -dt-application-bold-r-*-sans-*-120-*
*topArea*fontList: -dt-application-bold-r-*-sans-*-120-*
*topArea*XmTextField.fontList: -dt-application-medium-r-*-serif-*-120-*
*topArea*XmText.fontList: -dt-application-medium-r-*-serif-*-120-*
!*bookmark*fontList: -dt-application-medium-r-*-sans-*-120-*
!*bookmark*fontList: -dt-application-bold-r-*-sans-*-120-*
!*bookmark*selectedLabel.fontList:\
-dt-application-medium-r-*-sans-*-120-*
!*bookmark*XmTextField.fontList:-dt-application-medium-r-*-serif-*-120-*
!*bookmark*XmText.fontList: -dt-application-medium-r-*-serif-*-120-*
*mouseDocumentation.fontList: -dt-application-medium-r-*-sans-*-120-*
*docinfoButton.fontList: -dt-application-medium-r-*-sans-*-120-*
*mailto*urlLabel.fontList: -dt-application-medium-r-*-sans-*-140-*
*licenseDialog*text.fontList: -dt-application-medium-r-*-serif-*-120-*
! These are the fonts used in the outline lists used in Mail, News, Bookmarks,
! and Address Book windows. (Note that there can't be any whitespace after
! the commas.)
*XmLGrid*fontList:\
-dt-application-medium-r-*-sans-*-100-*,\
-dt-application-bold-r-*-sans-*-100-*=BOLD,\
-dt-application-medium-i-*-sans-*-100-*=ITALIC
.................................
!
! Navigator mouse documentation.
!
*tipLabel.fontList: -dt-application-medium-r-*-sans-*-120-*
Dlya pechati po-russki iz Netscape sleduet v popup dialoge "Print"
ukazyvat' komandu
dolp
vmesto komandy
lp
Komanda dolp special'nym obrazom podmenyaet shrifty v PostScript fajle
na russkie. Pri etom chisto angloyazychnye fajly nastoyatel'no rekomenduetsya
pechatat' cherez lp, a ne dolp.
Esli u vas problemy s zapuskom programmy.
=========================================
Esli u vas ne zapuskaetsya nekotoraya programma, naprimer srazu avarijno zavershaetsya
i obrazuet fajl obraza pamyati "core", to isprobujte takie vozmozhnosti:
1) chmod a+x program
2) file program
i vyyasnite - yavlyaetsya li programma komandnym fajlom (na yazykah sh, ksh, csh)
ili ob®ektnym modulem.
Esli eto komandnyj fajl, to najdite v nem ob®ektnuyu programmu.
Komandnyj fajl na /bin/sh mozhno trassirovat' pri pomoshchi
sh -x program arg1 arg2 ... argN
3) ldd program
|ta komanda pokazyvaet spisok dinamicheskih bibliotek,
neobhodimyh dlya raboty dannoj programmy.
Vy poluchite vydachu primerno takogo vida:
% ldd xCyrInput
libXm.so.3 => (not found)
libX11.so.4 => /usr/lib/libX11.so.4
libXt.so.4 => /usr/lib/libXt.so.4
libDtSvc.so.1 => (not found)
libc.so.1 => /usr/lib/libc.so.1
libXext.so.0 => /usr/openwin/lib/libXext.so.0
libsocket.so.1 => /usr/lib/libsocket.so.1
libnsl.so.1 => /usr/lib/libnsl.so.1
libdl.so.1 => /usr/lib/libdl.so.1
libw.so.1 => /usr/lib/libw.so.1
libintl.so.1 => /usr/lib/libintl.so.1
libmp.so.1 => /usr/lib/libmp.so.1
My vidim, chto biblioteka libDtSvc nedostupna.
|to mozhet proishodit' po tr£m prichinam:
a) katalog, soderzhashchij etu biblioteku [eshch£] ne smontirovan.
Primer: katalog /usr/openwin v moment nachal'noj zagruzki sistemy.
b) |ta biblioteka prosto ne proinstallirovana na mashinu.
c) Ne ukazan put' poiska etoj biblioteki.
Tak, v nashem sluchae, biblioteka libDtSvc nahoditsya v kataloge
/usr/dt/lib
Sledovatel'no, vasha peremennaya okruzheniya LD_LIBRARY_PATH
dolzhna vklyuchat' v sebya etot katalog, i dolzhna vyglyadet' primerno tak:
% setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /usr/dt/lib:/usr/openwin/lib:/usr/lib
4) Poprobujte zapustit' programmu pod otladchikom adb.
adb program
Ne vyda£tsya nikakoj podskazki!
:r arg1 arg2 ... argN
Programma nachinaet vypolnyat'sya. Esli proishodit oshibka,
vy vidite ukazanie na mesto, gde sluchilsya sboj.
Posle etogo vy mozhete posmotret' stek vyzovov funkcij komandoj
$C
$?
Zatem vyjti iz adb
$q
Prosmotr steka vyzovov mozhet dat' vam po krajnej mere informaciyu o tom,
v kakoj funkcii sluchilsya sboj (a iz etogo sleduet - v kakoj biblioteke).
5) truss -f -o /tmp/TRACE program arg1 arg2 ... argN
|ta programma sozdast v fajle /tmp/TRACE
trassirovku vypolneniya vseh sistemnyh vyzovov.
Inogda izuchenie etoj istorii mozhet okazat'sya poleznym.
==============
/usr/lib/locale/$LANG
/etc/skel/local.profile
/etc/tune_lang
$OPENWINHOME/lib/X11/fonts/encodings/cmod.sh
$OPENWINHOME/lib/X11/fonts/cyrill/*
$OPENWINHOME/lib/X11/fonts/cyrill-Type1/*
$OPENWINHOME/lib/X11/fonts/cyrill-Type1/afm/*
$OPENWINHOME/lib/Xinitrc
$OPENWINHOME/lib/locale/$LANG/Xdefaults
$OPENWINHOME/lib/locale/$LANG/Xmodmaprc
$OPENWINHOME/lib/Xmodmaprc.*
$OPENWINHOME/lib/xdm/StartOW
/etc/dt
/usr/dt/lib/bindings/sun
VirtualBindings (3X), DtEditor (3)
|\ _,,,---,,_
/,`.-'`' -. ;-;;,_
|,4- ) )-,_..;\ ( `'-'
'---''(_/--' `-'\_)
Last-modified: Mon, 24 Mar 1997 06:35:15 GMT