: , , , , , - , , - 100 , - , -. 2. , . - . . 3. - . , , , , , , , , , , , , , .. - - , . , , . 4. , , . (, ) - - . : , " ", , , , , , , .. , . , - - . - . ............................................................. .. " " [49, .168-184]]. , - - (, ) . - .. . 1. - , - , . . , . . - , . - , . - . - . . " , ". . . - . - , . . 2. - . , , (..: - , ). - , , , , , , , , - , . , . , , , . ( ) , , - , . , , . - , , , - . . - , , , . , . 3. , , . , ( " " ), , , . 4. . . , , "" , . , . , , - . 5. , , , , - . , - . - . 6. - .  N 114 (" ") , - , . . , , - , - . , , - , . . , - - , , , . "- ". ............................................................. 7. N 91 N 92 - 4.5. , .  N 115 (" ") , , - 1 , , . , , . - () , , , - , . - () , , , . , , , , - (- , ). : "!" , ( ) - , . , - . 8. . - , . . , , , - . . - , - - . , . - , , ( ) . ( - ) . - , . , , .  : 1. ; 2. ; 3. . 9. ( ) - - . - , , . 10. , - . (2 - ) ( 2- ). , , - , . ............................................................. .. ., - [56, .554-272] . ............................................................. 1. , , . , . , , - ( ). - . 2. . . . , . , , . , . , - . 3. - 4. . 4. , () , . , . - , , . , , - , - . - , , . 5. , - . 6. - , , .. , . . . - , ( - , ) , . , . 7. , . , , , .., .., - , . . . . , - - , , .. 8. , , - , . - , , . 9. . , , , - .. - (. 5). 10. , , - - . - . , , . - . - .. 11. , , . , , - . -, , . . . , (. 5). (. 5). .............................................................. , - , - , . 7.  - . , . , " " : " , "" - . , , , , . , , - , . , - .... - . , - , , , , , - ." [73, .2]. , - . ? , , . ? , - , , - - . 8 - (), 5 - ( ). - - 8 . - , , - , 6% 1% [16, .175]. , -- , . - 5700 ( 2000 - . ). 5 1,5-5 . , 6. 5700 3299 (57,88%) (, - ). 5 3299 2026 (61,41%) , 1023 (31,01%) . - . , - , - , , , , 6. , , - - . , - " " , .. - , - . - , .. [29]. , . - , , - () . . , , . , , . . 16 18 - . , . , 3 , 20 . - () - . , () . - . - , . - .. - . , 25 , . 3 , [58], , , . 30 - , 3 . , , . " ", 1942 , . . , , - - [62, .IX]. , , , . - : " , - - ? . , , , - . , - . - , - , - - , , - , - . , , , . , , , - - . - " [62, .X-XI]. . . , - , (., , [11], [53], [72], [79]). , , , - . - Duke-Elder, , , - () (- ). , - - [50]. - , , , "". - : " , , ?" , . : " , , , , . . - , , . , ( ) , . 12- 16- , , - " [16, .49]. , - , , , , - , , , - .. "" . , . : " - , . , , . . - , , . , - , , , " [44, .31]. , - . - , , , - [73, .14]. , - , , , , . 40-50 - , , - , - .. - . , .. , -1 -19 . " ,- ..- ,- . , - . - -12 , 10 (.: 60 , .. 18 ) , , , - , - 9 10 (.: 23 25 ). - , . , ." [8, .206]. . , - ( , ), - 2- 4- , 2-3 , 6-12 [73, .96-99]. [73, .112]. . , , +6 [10, .58]. , , . , , ( ) . , - . , . 2857 , - . , , , .. 3 92 . - - , . , , 1584 20/30 20/1000 ( ), 20/400, .. 1/20 , 569 , , 20/40, .. - , 210 20/70, 163 - 20/100 ( ), 211 - 20/200 ( ). . 348 116 - , 119 , 38 . 179 , , 71 - (). 96 , , , .. 12 - . , - . . , , , , - , - . - , . , , - , , , [56, .23-30]. .............................................................. , - , , . - , . - , - , - . , , , , , , , , .. , - .   - () - , , , .. , . - , . - () , . . , , - . , , , , , - , , - . , "", "- ", " " - , - , , "", "- " "". , - , , - , - . , ( ) - (). - , . . - , - , , - . - . - , . - . - - . ( ) - 1,5 , () - 1 . - . 2,54 . - , . - . - , - . , , , .. - , , - , . - , - . ( ) . - . - . , , . - . - - . () - . , ( - ) - . - . 30,48 .  1. Agarwal M.S. Everyday eyecare.- New Delhi, 1987. 2. Agarwal, Raghubir Saran. Better sight without glasses.- 2d pocket ed.- Delhi: Dr. Agarwal's Eye Institute, 1961.- 108 p. 3. Agarwal, Raghubir Saran. 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