-01 33 01-4 : -e a, c d ed, "2" "1". "-" - . ($1) - ed - , ed ($2, &3, ...). " " - : (shift; cat $*; echo '1,$p') ! ed -$1 ; -f "-e", - ed, ; -c , . . - . "-c10", 10 10 - . , "-c" . - "**********". , 1,- "-"., - 2, "+". "!"; 124 00210-01 33 01-4 -D ' (1 2), - . "" . , ax file1 file2 : long int k=1000000 /* file1 */ int k=1000000 /* file2 */ : diff -DLONGINT file1 file2 , - : #ifndef LONGINT long int k=1000000 /* file1 */ #else int k=1000000 /* file2 */ #endif -h . - , - , . "-h" "-e" "-f". , diff 125 00210-01 33 01-4 . : /tmp/d????? /usr/lib/diffh "-h". : cmp, comm, ed : : 0 - ; 1 - ; 2 - . : , "-e" "-f", , ".". 126 00210-01 33 01-4 : diff3 - . : diff3 [-3] 1 2 3 : diff3 , : ==== ; ====1 "1"; ====2 "2"; ====3 "3". , - , - : f:n1 a - n1 "f", f=1, 2 3. f:n1,n2 c n1 n2. n1=n2, n1. 127 00210-01 33 01-4 "c". , . o "-e" diff3 - ed, "1" "2" "3", .. , "====" "====3". "-x" ("-3") , "====" ("====3"). - - (script) "1": (cat script; echo '1,$p') | ed - 1 : /tmp/d3????? /usr/lib/diff3 : diff : , ".", "-e". , 64K , - . 128 00210-01 33 01-4 : du - . : du [-s] [-a] [...] : du , - (), "". "" , ".". "-s" . "-a" . . , , . : "-a", . , du . 129 00210-01 33 01-4 : - : : - '. $x- . 130 00210-01 33 01-4 : echo - . : echo [-n] [] ... : echo , , . "-n", . echo - . - - : echo " " 1>&2 131 00210-01 33 01-4 : ed - . : ed [-] [-] [] : UNIX- , ed - . , (, ). ed . , "w" (). , "". "", . - "-", "x" . "-" - . ed - : 0 "", - " " , , - . "" 132 00210-01 33 01-4 . . ed ( ), (.. ). . , - ( ). ed - " ". - . , - . "" , : 1) , - , . - , "[." , "^*$"; 2) "." ; 3) " "()", ; 4) "s", ([s] [^s]), - 133 00210-01 33 01-4 , ( ) "s". "s" " , "]" - . "a-b", "a" "b" - ( -8), "a" "b", - ; 5) 1-4, "*", 0 ; 6) "x", " ")", , "x"; 7) " , - , n- " 8) "x" 1-8, "y" 1-7, - "x", - "y", "x" , - "y"; 9) 1-8, - "^" ( "$"), - 134 00210-01 33 01-4 , ( ) ; 10) 1-9 ; 11) . - , (s) - , . - , " , ( "/"), " ed - , " ". , , - , - . . 1) "." ; 2) "$" ; 3) "n" n- ; 135 00210-01 33 01-4 4) "/x" , "x", - . "k", ; 5) , "/", , - , , - . ; 6) , - "?", , - , - , - . ; 7) , "+" "-" , ( ) . ; 8) "+" "-", - . , "-5" ".-5". 136 00210-01 33 01-4 9) "+" "-", ( ) 1. 8, "-" , . , "+" "-" - , "--" 2. 10) "^" "-". , - . , , - . , , , . , , ( - , ). - ",". ";". "." , - . - - ("/", "?"). - , - , . ed 137 00210-01 33 01-4 . , , , . , - . - , "p" "l", - . "n", - . ' . (.)a <> . - . "." , , - . "0", . (.,.)c <> . , , 138 00210-01 33 01-4 . "." - ; , , . (...) d . , . , - . e _ . "." - . - . "_" - r w. "_" , - . E _ , - "e", , , "w". f _ 139 00210-01 33 01-4 . "_", - "_". (1,$) g/ / , - . , - "." . , - "g". , - , " "a", "i" "c" . ".", , , . "g" "v" . (.)i <> . - . "." - , , - . - 140 00210-01 33 01-4 , . (.,.+1)j ' . - . "." - . (.)kh "", . "'". (.,.)l - : , . "l" - . (.,.)ma , "a". . (.,.)n - 141 00210-01 33 01-4 . (.,.)p . "." . p - . (.,.)P "p". q ed. . Q "q", - , - , "w". ($)r _ - . , , (. "l" "f"). , . "r" - "0", , . - , - 142 00210-01 33 01-4 . "." - . (.,.)s/ // (.,.)s/ //g - . "g", , , - "". , . , . "/" . "." , . "&", , - , . "&" - " , n- - , " ")". 143 00210-01 33 01-4 , "n" " . . " , "p". - "s" . "s" "r" (- - ), "p" ( "p" ) g (- "g"). ' . (.,.)t a "m", , - "a" ( 0). "." . (.,.)u , , . . - 144 00210-01 33 01-4 , , "a, c, d, g, i, k v". "g" "v" - . . ed , , "u" . , ed "-". (1,$)v/ / "g", - , - "." , - . (1,$)w _ . , - . , . , , (. "" "f"). "." . , - . 145 00210-01 33 01-4 (1,$)W _ "w", - , . (1,$)WQ _ "w", - , "q", . x . "r", "e" "w" - "crypt", . . (.+1)z (.+1)zn , . 22 ( "n", ) . - . - "n" , .. "z". ($)= . ".". 146 00210-01 33 01-4 !< > "!" sh - . "." - . (.+1,.+1) < > - . ".+1". . , , ed - . - , . , ed - "?interrupted" ("?") - . : 512 - , 256 "g", 64 . : 2 . ed nul -8 . : /tmp/e* edhup 147 00210-01 33 01-4 - . : sed, crypt : "?name" . "?" . "q" "" , "w". - "q" "" . : "l" "del" (""). . 148 00210-01 33 01-4 : expand, unexpand - () - . : expand [-] [-1, 2, ..., N] [ ... ] unexpand [-a] [ ... ] : expand - , . - . expand - , ( - , ..). "", - "" 8. , - . unexpand , - ( ) . "-a", - , . unexpand . 149 00210-01 33 01-4 : expr - . : expr ... : . - . - . O . - .O - : ! "", - "0", ; & "0", , - "0"; "" - <, <=, =, !=, >=, >. "1", , "0", - . , - 150 00210-01 33 01-4 , ; + - ; * / % , - ; : , , , - . - , ed. .) - . - , - ("0", ); ( ) . : "1" A - : 151 00210-01 33 01-4 A=`expr $A + 1` ( ) - , A, "/": expr $A : '.*/)' '|' $A , expr, , . : ed, sh, test : expr : 0 - "0"; 1 - "0"; 2 - . 152 00210-01 33 01-4 : f77 - -77. : f77 [] ... ... : f77 -77. : - , ".f", -77.O , ' , - ".f" ".o"; - , ".r" ".e", RATFOR EFL .O , f77; - , , - ".c" ".s", - .O - , ".o". , cc. , ld: 153 00210-01 33 01-4 -c ".o" - ; -d ' - cdebug. -p ' (. prof); -O ' ; -S ".s". ( ".o" ); -f , , , . -o ld "" "a.out"; f77: -onetrip do, , - , . ( -77 do , , ); 154 00210-01 33 01-4 -u "undefined" ; -w . "-w66", - -66. "-wki" - ; -U . "-U" , . - ; -O<> - . - "-O". <> - : 1 2; -I2 -I4 -Is : "-I2" "integer" "integer*2", "-I4" - "integer*4". "-I4" ( - "integer" "real" 155 00210-01 33 01-4 ). "-Is" "-I4" , - "integer*2"; -v - (F77PASS, PASS1, AS, LD, C), ; -V . - "shell", ; -T<><-> - . . <> - : "0" - f77 0; "1" - f77 1; "2" - c1 (-, 1); "o" - c2 ( ); "a" - as (); "l" - ld ( ); "f" - ( /lib/crt0); "m" - m4. , "-f" - "1" "f". 156 00210-01 33 01-4 -F RATFOR EFL, - ".f", ; -m ".r" ".e" 4 - RATFOR EFL; -ex "x" EFL -