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Origin: www.tolkien.ru
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... ,
, .
. .
" "
() . [1]
,
, ,
, , ,
-s/-es[2]
.
,
F " " .
[3]
. ,
, ( )
(
-- ).
,
( , ).
(, Black Country, Battle Plain, Dead Marshes, Snowmane)
,
( ) -- ,
.
. , ,
-
, ,
( ) ,
( - ).
Rivendell -- Imladris
(" "). ,
. ,
, ,
--
.
: (
Shire), "",
( ,
) (
) , (. F).
, ,
,
.
""
( ), Rivendell, Snow-mane,
, .
,
,
.
, ,
, . , ,
--
.
Appledore. , "" (
).
-- , .
: ,
() -- aphalter, -- apuldur, -- apald.
Baggins. "bag" (", "), .
"". ,
Bag End ( "" ("bag") "pudding-bag" -- , "cul-de-sac"[4]), . (
, ). . Sackville-Baggins.
"".
Banks. , , ,
"bank"
" , ". -
.
Barrow-wights. [5],
"barrow"
( ); . Barrow
. ,
. grafgeest (" "), -- Kummelgast (" ").
Beechbone[6]. , -
.
(, Buchbein , , Buchenbein).
Big
Folk, Big People[7].
.
Black
Captain, Black One, Black Riders[8].
.
Bolger. . Budgeford.
Bounders.
, ,
", 'bounds' ()".
,
. "bounder" (-, )
19- ,
"".
, , .
"Poenen", "", ,
"bounder" ( ) "patser" -- ", ".
, ,
, -- -- . (
, , ,
.)
Bracegirdle[9]. ,
, , (-
). , ,
- "
" ", / ". (
,
, , Drinkwater[10]=Boileau. Bracegirdle
. , Gürtelspanner ).
Brandybuck. ,
. ,
" " , Brandywine River Oldbuck (. , ).
"buck" ( ),
"bucc" -- " (, [11])",
"bucca"
-- "".
Buckland (-
"Bock"), Buckland (
) "book-land[12]"
-- ,
.
Brockhouse[13]. "Brock" -- , "".
;
( ). ,
. Broekhuis ( ,
, ) --
" "? Galthus (" ") --
! , "brock", Grävlingar ("gräflingar", "gräfsvin" -- "" -)
Burrows[14].
"Brock"
, ( Brockbanks).
Brockhouse , ,
, ("brock") , ,
. , Dachsbau.
-- Graevling.
Butterbur. , --
"butter"
("") -- . "Butter"
( - ), , Butterfield. "butterbur" (, Petasites vulgaris), Bree.
"" -- . ,
,
"" (, , "Butterblume", "Butterbaum" "boterbloeme"), .
-- ,
.
Barliman ( Butterbur)
"barley" + "man[15]"
(, ) .
Captains
of the West.[16]
.
Chief[17], The. .
Chubb. , ,
"chubby" -- , (
"chub"
(""), ).
Corsairs[18]. . ,
-- .
Cotton. (
) : "cot" -- , "-ton" -- "town" (", ; , ")
(. "tūn" -- "").
.
,
, "cotton"
(""), , , .
, , -
, - Westernesse
(. " ", 2); ,
- .
, -
, "",
-- . . Gamgee.
Cotman.
, ", ",
. ,
.
Dark
Lord, Dark Power[19].
.
Dead, The[20]. .
Dunlendings. (
). "dun(n)lending" -- "
Dun(n)land".
Easterlings. , " ,
" ( Rhûn).
Elder
Kindred, Elder Race, Elder People[21].
.
"",
. ( "elder" ).
"Elda-r"
(.., ) "elder" -- . "Elda"
("") "
". --
. . "Elder
Days",
(
), " ".
Elf-friend[22]. .
Aelfwine (
; Alboin),
Aelfwine , ,
.
Elven-smiths[23]. . "Elven" -- (
), "elfin",
. ,
"" , ,
, , , "Elven-smiths" : ""
"",
"elvish").
"Elf" "elfen"
"elf" "elven". ,
"Elf"
,
( ) -- [24]
" " ( , "Elf"
).
"" , , .
"Alp" ( "Alb",
, , ,
). "elf",
"Alp"
"oaf", (
""[25]),
"elf". ,
, "" ,
. ""
, ,
(. F), ,
--
. "alf".
Enemy, The[26]. .
Ent.
( Entwives). ,
( , ).
", " , ,
, .
, .
Entings, " " [III.4] ,
. () Onodrim [III.2].
Evenstar[27]. , .
( ) .
Fairbairns[28]. . ,
Fairchild. , , ,
, .
,
"fair",
(), " ()". ,
,
, .
Fair Folk. (
Tylwyth teg, " ", "fairies" -- , ). . .
Fallohide. .
,
,
. "fallow" "hide[29]" ( "falb" "Haut") "".
, "fallow" ", "
"fallow deer[30]", "hide"
( , ).
. . F
.
Fang. [I.4]; . ,
"fang" -- ", " ("fengtōp" , "fangzahn" ). ,
Grip[31] ("grip" -- "fang"), , , "Fang"[32] .
Fatty Lumpkin[33]. . "-kin" -- , , .
Fell Riders[34]. .
Fellowship
of the Ring[35].
, (
) .
Ferny[36]. .
Fern, Ferny Fernie, Ferny , Bree .
Firefoot[37]. .
Firstborn[38], The. . .
"",
" ": ,
( ). , ,
.
Fladrif.
. Leaflock.
Flourdumpling[39]. .
Free
Folk; Free Lords of the Free; Free Peoples[40].
.
Gamgee. , .
, . ,
, "" ( ,
).
., "gamgee tissue"[41].
"" , ,
.
Gamling
(The Old).
,
,
(, Shadowfax Wormtongue). Gameling ( "a"). ,
, , (
) -- , Gamlen, Gam(b)lin . . "The Tale of Gamelin"[42]
-- , , ,
" ".
"gamal-"
-- "".
,
, --
.
Goatleaf[43]. Bree. , . "chèvrefeuille" ( "caprifolium" -- , ).
, "Geissblatt[44]", ,
.
Goldberry[45]. .
Great Enemy[46]. .
Grey Company[47]. .
Greyhame. "grēg-hama[48]" (" ").
. , Grēghama, Greyhame ,
"grey" ("") .
, , ,
[III.2].
Grijsmantel, "gråhamn" -- " ". ,
, Graumantel.
Grey Host[49]. .
Grey Pilgrim[50]. , Mithrandir. .
Grip. . . . Fang.
Grubb. . ( [I.1] Grubbs). , - -
.
"grub"
-- ", ".
Guardians[51]. .
Halfling. .
, ,
.
" ".
, "".
"Halfling" (-,
"half"
(""), ,
).
Harfoots
(..). ,
, . --
"hairyfoot"
(" "). ,
"hæ‾r-fōt" (
-- "herfoot"),
"er" "ar" . "hair"("")
"hæ‾r", "hēr" ( "Haar"), .
"Harfuss"
,
. . Fallohide.
Harry ( Herry, Henry).
.
Hayward. . ,
(.
" ", 3). ,
Hayward, Hob [VI.8]
. "hayward" "hay" -- "" ( "")
"ward" --
"". . High Hay, Hay Gate Haysend Buckland. ,
.
"Schutmesster" (" ").
"stängselvakt" (" ") , ,
.
Healer,
The Healers[52]. .
Heathertoes[53]. Bree. , "Heather-" .
-- Heideteen. , , "Heidezhen"? ( , ,
, , , ,
, ).
Hobbit.
, ,
( ), Shire .
Holman.
. , "hole-man[54]" ( ).
.
Hornblower[55]. Hornblow Hornblower -- . Shire
, , .
.
Isengrim. .
F:
" , , Fallohide ( Tooks Bolgers) ... ".
. ,
(Isegrim), "-"[56].
, ,
.
Leaflock[57]. ,
Finglas ("fing" -- ", " "las" -- "") .
Fladrif, Skinbark.
Maggot.
-- "" , -.
, "", .
Van de Made ("made" "Made" "maða" -- ""). ,
, , ,
.
Marigold[58]. (.
F[i]). ,
, ,
"gold" (""),
. ,
Fallohide (. " "[ii]),
:
Elanor, Goldilocks ( [59],
), (Peregrin Took). ,
(,
"souci").
-
. , Majagull Ringblom ( "ringblomma" ""; . "Ringelblume"). Meizoentje (""), .
,
Daisy ("") (
), Rosie Cotton.
Mugwort[60]. Bree -- (Artemisia, . "armoise" -- , , . "armoise amère").
( , ,
"Beifuss"),
.
- .
"Mugwort",
, -.
Necromancer[61]. .
Neekerbreekers. .
(,
).
Noakes.
, -
. Noake(s) Noke(s) -- ,
, , No(a)ke (
"atten oke" -- " " ).
,
. .
Oldbuck[62].
. Brandywine, Brandybuck.
"-buck" Buck ( -- Bucca, . B, 1979 . ). Gorhendad (I 102) .
, ""; F[iii] , Buckland ( ,
).
Oliphaunt. .
"elephant"
(""),
"" , ,
Shire
. ,
"e"
"o"
[63]
-- ,
. "olifant"; ,
. "oliphaunt"
"olifant",
"o",
, : "olfend" "olbenta" ("") .
( )
. "olfend" "olbenta", ,
"elephant"
( , ).
Orald. Forn Orald (
(Bombadil)) ( )
, , , . Forn -- , ",
". -- ,
,
( ,
Mirkwood, . F[iv]), . Orald " " ,
, , .
, ,
"uralt",
.
Orc. ,
. , ,
( ). "The Hobbit" ( )
"", - (, ,
) . "
" "", ,
, , , , ,
. , (
), "" --
. .
"ork" ( ),
"orc",
, (
) "orkish".
"orch" (.. "yrch").
"orc"
[Beowulf 112[64]
"orc-nass", "orc" = "pyrs[65]"
(-), "heldeofol" ( )]. ,
"orc", "ork" (
, ).
Pickthorn[66]. , Bree. -- "" .
Pimple[67]. . .
Proudfoot[68]. ( ).
.
Puddifoot. , Marish. "puddle" ("") "foot" (""). .
Quickbeam[69]. . Bregalad -- "
(, ) ". ,
, "" ( ),
(, Quickbaum ?).
( ,
). "quickbeam" "quicken" --
, .
, , Quickbeam [III.4].
Ring-wraiths[70]. "Nazgûl" , "nazg" ("") "gûl" ( ,
).
,
"".
Rumble. -. Shire .
.
Sackville-Baggins. Sackville --
( , Baggins). Baggins , , , "sack" ("") "bag" (", ")
(.. ) , ,
. ,
, ( ) "sack" "bag".
Scatha. ( ",
, , ").
.
Shadowfax. "Sceadu-faex" (" - (
)") ( ).
.
, ,
-- Scadufax.
(.. ),
,
. "fax" ("")
, Fairfax (
).
("faks")
("vahs", "vachs"), , , .
(, Schattenvachs?), .
"fax" ("faks")
"", "shadow" ("")
. Schaduwschicht ("-"),
-- Skuggfaxe.
Sharkey. , ,
"sharkû"
(""), ( --
). ,
.
"-ey", , .
Shelob. ( )
- () ,
"she" ("")
"lob"
( , ""; .
8- ""). Shelob,
Honmonstret.
Shirriff(s).
"" (
), , Shire. , "Shirriff" "Shire" ,
, ,
, . ,
,
,
. ,
Shire (. ).
Skinbark[71]. Fladrif (..
). . (. Leaflock).
Smallburrow[72].
,
.
Snowmane[73]. ( ), , Shadowfax, (
"snāw-mana").
Snawmana, (
). -- Schneemähne.
Stoors. ,
. "stor", "stoor" (", ")
; .
,
, , ,
- ""
;
.
Swertings. , Shire ( )
"Sunlands"
(, ). ,
( ),
, , "swart" ( "swarthy" -- ""), ,
- ,
"/". . "Swarthy Men" (" ") --
[V.3].
Thistlewool[74]. .
Took. ,
Tūk (. F). , ,
.
, -- Peregrin, Paladin, Adelard, Bandobras. , "Bullroarer[75]" --
( "").
"" -- Bullroarer Took. , , "bullroarer" ,
, ,
.[76]
Treebeard[77]. Fangorn. .
Twofoot[78]. .
Underhill[79]. .
Wandlimb[80]. = Fimbrethil, .
. ( Entwives.)
Whitfoot. "white" ("") "foot" (""). . Whitfurrows
.
Windfola. = "Wind-foal" ("-"),
, ( ).
Wingfoot. , :
"".
Wormtongue. ""
Gríma. -- "wyrm-tunga", " ". .
Woses.
, " ".
. "wāsa", .. "wāsan", ,
, "woses". "woodwoses[81]",
"wudewāsa", ", ,
, ". "woodoses" ( "woodhouses") :
"woodhouse"
,
. "wāsa" ,
, (, "Waise" "wees") "". ,
,
, , ,
.
Archet.
.
Bree,
,
, . Bree
, , "". Archet Bree ,
. Chetwood
, , ""; .
Brill , , "bree" + "hill" ("").
Chetwood "Chet"
"wood".
Ashen Mountains[82]. Ered Lithui ( "orod", ..
"eryd", "ered" -- "";
"lith" -- "" + "ui",
, ).
: .
Bag End. ,
, "pudding-bag" = "cul-de-sac"[83]. . . Baggins.
Baggins Bag End .
Bagshot Row[84]. Bag End, , , - ,
Bag End , ,
. ,
, , "bag" ("").
Bamfurlong.
, , , "bean" ("")
"furlong" (, ).
, , . ,
, Shire, .
Maggot'. , ,
, "" ,
", ".
Baránduin. " -
". : Brandywine Baránduin ( "and"), "baran", ", -" + "duin",
"". "duinē":
"dui", ", ( )".
"luine" ( "d" "l"), . ,
,
. Brandywine; . .
Barrow-downs[85]. : , ,
"barrows" (""),
. "barrow[86]" --
; "barrow"
( "berrow",
"beorg", "berg", ",
").
Barrowfield[87]. . . :
.
Battle Gardens, Battle Pit[88].
.
Better Smials[89]. . Smials "".
Black Country, Black Land[90].
(Mordor) .
.
Black Stone[91]. .
Blackroot Vale[92]. ; Blackroot --
Morthond ( , ,
).
Blessed Realm[93]. .
, Aman,
(-) ; , ,
Valimar, Valinor, , -- Eldamar.
,
, , .
Bonfire Glade[94]. .
Brandy Hall. ,
, (Brandywine). ,
, , Branntwein Brendevin, Hall (", ")
. Brandybuck ,
, Brendebuk?
Brandywine[95]. (.
" ", 1) () Baránduin ( ).
, ;
, , ,
, Baránduin. Brandewijn; ,
Vinfluden, Brännavin. Brendevin () Branntwein () .
Bree. ,
, ;
. Archet.
Bree-hill, Bree-land. , "hill" ("") "land" ("").
Brockenbores.
, , , ,
, : " , ".
, . . Brockhouse.
Buck Hill, Buckland[96]. "buck" . . Brandybuck,
Oldbuck.
Bucklebury.
Buckland. "buck" ( ) + -
"-bury" (
"burg", , ,
, . . Norbury). Buckle- "-le" - , Buckenbury, "-en(a)" ,
Buckland.
Budgeford[97].
"Budge-" ,
. Bolger ( ),
"bolge", "bulge[98]". Bolger Bulger .
, ,
.
Bywater[99]. : ,
Water, Shire, Brandywine. .
Chetwood. . Archet.
The Cleft
('of the Spider')[100] = Cirith (Ungol). Cirith
"", , (
). .
Cloudyhead[101]. Bundushathûr; .
Coomb. (
) , . ,
"comb", "-cumb", "-combe",
.
Deeping Coomb, . . Deeping
Coomb.
Crack of Doom[102].
"" ( 4, 1, 117), cracke of Doome " "
("crack")
: ; "
, ", "crack" --
( Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, 116, 1166). "crack"
", ",
Orodruin . . Doom
Mount Doom.
Crickhollow.
Buckland. +
"hollow". "-hollow" (" ")
, "crick"[103] .
Deeping Coomb[104]. Deeping-coomb, "-ing" "Deeping"
, , -:
Deep (Helm's Deep) . Deeping Stream[105].
Derndingle.
Treebeard',
[III.4]; , ,
. , ,
. "dingle" "
( ) ", "dern",
", " ,
-- "Tarn-"
"Tarnkappe"[106] ( ). ,
, .
Dimholt.
Dark Door[107]. ,
, "dim"
(", , ")
( , ,
, ", "), "holt" (", ") .
Dimrill Dale[108]. Azanulbizar ( ), Nan Duhirion ().
:
( ). . Dimrill
Gate, Dimrill Stair.
Doom. "doom",
"" ( , ,
), ,
, - "doomsday" (" "), , (
). ( , "doomsday"
: "dómsdagur", "domedag", "dómmedag"
"tuomipäivä").
"doom" (
"boom") ( [II.5]), ,
"doom",
. ,
. "doom boom"
-- "doem boem",
, , , "doemen", ("gedoemd") , "doomed"
("" -- ).
"dom bom",
"dum bom". ,
, "dum"[109]
, "dumbom"
""
("Dummkopf" -).
Mount
Doom.
Orodruin ("
"). -- Amon Amarth (" "),
- ,
, "", ,
, , , ; .
[II.2]. : " " (
" "). . Crack
of Doom.
Dunharrow[110]. Dūnhaerg, "
()", , Harrowdale
( -- ). "haerg"
,
, Harrow (on the Hill)[111]. "harrow"
("") .
"hörgr" ( -- "hörgur"),
"harug". ,
. "Dunharg"
, "Dunharva" ,
("harv" -).
Dunland.
"dun"
-- ", , ".
. F[v].
Dwarrowdelf.
"dwarrows" = "dwarves" . F[vi]. Dwarrowdelf -- Phurunargian, Moria . Dwarrowdelf ,
Phurunargian . ""
;
, "Dwarf" (
) + , ", , "
-- , Zwergengrube?
Eastemnet[112]. ; ( ,
"east" ("");
" "). Eastfold (.
Folde).
Eastfarthing[113]. . Farthings.
Elvenhome, Elven Door, Elven River[114].
. Elven-smiths " ".
Entwade, Entwash, Entwood.
""
: Entwaed, Entwaesc, Entwudu. , "waed" (""),
"waesc"
(" "[115]),
"wudu" (""), ,
: ,
, (
, , ), ,
. "-wade", "-wash", "-wood" ,
, , , "vad"
(""). Ent, . .
Ettendales[116]. , (
), "eten" (", -").
,
, , , "jaette"
, "jätte" ,
"jötunn" ,
= "eoten",
"eten", "eten"," yetēn".
Ettenmoors; "moor"
" " ( ).
Farthings. .
" ", 3. ,
"farthing" ( "feoring", "ferthing"),
" ";
" , ". ,
"thriding", " ", ,
"th" "th" "t" Northriding, Eastriding, Westriding . ,
, , "farthing"
, ,
" ",
Shire ( 18 000 ) .
,
, , "fjerding"
, "fjärding"
, "Viertal"
( ", ").
Fenmarch[117]. : Mering Stream (. III ), Rohan Anórien. Fenmark, , [V.3]
, , ; "-mark"
( ) "marche",
: , . Fenmark, .
Firien. ,
( "firgen",
"firien"), "". . Halifirien, " ". "firien"
, . Firienholt ( Halifirien )
Firienwood, Firienfeld ( Dunharrow) (Firienfield
-- ), [118].
Firienfeld, Firienholt ,
( ).
Folde. ;
. Eastfold, , (. Eastemnet). "folde"
( "fold"), ", ",
"fold"
(", "),
"fold" (" ", " "). .
Vestfold Østfold .
Folde ,
;
Snowbourn Entwash -, ; Eastfold
-- , Fenmark,
Entwash ; Westfold,
, , Isen.
Folde Eastfold Edoras, Westfold --
Helm's Deep.
Frogmorton.
,
, Frogmore (
): "frog" ("") + "moor" + "town" ("").
, . , "moor"/"mor" " "
.
Gladden Fields[119]. Gladden -- ""
"" ( "glaedene"),
"gladdon",
"glad" (", "), "gladden" (""). , ,
, "" "iris".
Gladden River[120], Gladden Fields.
Golden Perch[121]. , , ,
. , Perch --
( "").
Great Smials. . Smials "".
G
:
(= ). , Grimslade,
[V.6] (,
Grimbold) Grim (, ) +
"slade" ( "slaed", "slad"),
; ,
" ", "" (
).
Halifirien.
, . Firien.
Hallows, The[122].
([VI.5], [VI.6]) ( )
. ( , ).
Hardbottle.
Shire. , North Farthing, Bracegirdles ( ). "-bottle" --
, .
-- "botl", "bold" (
"build" ("")).
"() ", "bottle"
(" ", ""). . Nobottle Shire, (
).
, ", "; ",
", (
North Farthing). -- "-büttel";
( ) -- "-bol".
Harrowdale. . Dunharrow.
Haysend.
"hay",
.. ("hay"
""). " ". . High
Hay.
Helm's Deep, Helm's Dike, Helm's Gate[123].
Helm --
.
Hill of Guard[124].
, Amon Tirith (, Minas Tirith) .
Hoarwell[125]. Mitheithel =
"-" + ", "; "well",
, (
""). .
Hobbiton. . Hobbit; .
"hobbit"
, ""[126].
Hold. Hold of Dunharrow ",
".
Hollin.
( Hollin-land, " ") , Eregion, " ". Hollin --
"holly" (""), - ;
, . .
Hornburg, Hornrock[127]. - Helm'a, , ,
. .
Irensaga.
; " ",
.
, . . .
Isengard Isenmouthe.
,
Angrenost Carach Angren, ,
, .
, ( ) , ,
, , ,
.
"Isen" -- "iron" ("");
"gard" -- ,
" ", ;
"mouthe" ( "mouth", ";
; ; ") "mūða"
( "mūð") -- "", "",
, (
). Isengard ("
") ,
, , . Isenmouthe -
, ,
Udûn, (. [VI.2]).
Isengard .
Isenmouthe Isenmonde,
( Ijzermonde , , ).
-- Isensgap,
, Isen
, .
"gard" "garðr", ( )
"gård", "gaard",
"garth"
( , -- "yard"); ,
( "farmyard", " "),
, , As-garðr,
Asgard. , mittin- mittil-gart (, ) = mið-garðr , middan-geard
(. Middle-earth). "-gart" ,
, Eisengart?
"-mouthe", --
"Mün-dung" (, , "-munde");
-- "munding"
"mynning"
.
,
Isengard,
Isen, Isengard, .
Lake[128] Evendim. Nen Uial, " ", .
: " ".
Langstrand. Anfalas.
,
: " ". "long" ("") "lang",
, .
Limlight (River). "-light"
, , "lim-", , ,
"-light". "light"
", ".
Lockholes[129]. "lock-up (house)" (""); .
.
Longbottom[130]. --
( ), ,
,
, Ramsbottom. -- "botten",
"bund" "Boden",
. .
Lune. ,
Lhûn. ,
, , , , , [lūn].
Marish.
"marsh" ("",
""). (
, , , ,
, ).
Mathomhouse[131]. . Mathom "".
Mering Stream. III : " ". (. Fenmarch). Mering
, ,
( "māere",
"mēre" "").
Middle-earth. - , ,
"", -- ,
,
, . --
", ( ) ",
( ). Middle-earth -- "middel-erde", "middan-geard" (. Isengard).
,
: Midden-aarde Mid-gård.
Midgewater Marshes[132]. .
Mývatn, .
Mirkwood[133].
, "myrkviðr", --
"mirkiwidu". , Mirkwood "myrkviðr". , , ,
. -- Demster-wold,
-- Mörkmården, ,
mård, ,
"" ( maar). ,
- ?
Mirrormere.
Kheledzâram ("glass-lake"[134]) . .
Mount Doom. . Doom.
Norbury. Forn-ost
. ,
"norð-burg",
"() ". , ,
, . Norland, " " ( "
"); -- , .
, Northerland [II.8], .
Northfarthing[135]. . Farthing.
Over-heaven[136]. . "menel" ("
"), "tar-menel" ("
") [II.1], "upphiminn",
, "Upphimlen".
-- "Boven-hemel".
Rivendell.
" "; Imladris(t), " "[137].
, .
Rivendel; -- Vattnadal.
, , , "Riven-"
"river" ("").
Rushey. "
"; "" Marish. -ey, -y " " (= ö, ø, ey)
. -- Aue
" , " -- .
Sarn Ford. Sarn . -- Sarn-athrad (" ")
""; .
Sarn Sarn Gebir.
Scary. Shire, ; ,
, (. [VI.9]), ( Shire I ), ,
"scar" ("", "").
-- , .
Shire.
" " ( Shire Michel Delving).
, , , ,
.
"shire",
"scír",
"", , ,
"gawi",
"gouw"
"Gau".
, - "gē" ( "yē"),
, Surrey ( Suðer-ge), " ".
Shire ,
. "Gouw"; , ,
"Gau",
.
( )
- ( ) ,
"" "".
Fylki, , ,
( ) : "fylki" -- ",
". , , ,
Shire -- Súza
( F),
"sýsla"
( "syssla", "syssel", "[138]",
- ).
(. " ", 1), Shire ,
" ".
Silverlode.
Celeb-rant. : "silver" ("")
"lode" (", ").
Silvertine.
Celeb-dil. : "silver"
("") "tine" (", ").
Snowbourn[139]. (. .
) "snāwburna".
Snawburna, , ,
: , Schneebrunnen, Snebrønd, Snöbrunn.
Staddle.
Bree.
"staddle" -- ,
", " -- , , . .;
"staðol".
( ),
"Stadel"[140], .
Starkhorn.
. ,
; "" "" ("horn"),
" "[141].
"stark" ( )
. -- Sterkhorn,
-- Starkhorn. "stark"
- ( ,
, ""
, rigor mortos, "stark-naked"[142]), "starr".
Stonewain Valley[143]. . ,
, (, )
.
Stoning-land[144]. Staning (land), Gondor. (
),
, "stone" (""), , "sten", "stein".
Sunlands[145]. . ,
, - .
Sunlending[146]. Anórien, , Minas Anor (
Erui). ,
, "",
Anárion Isildur Ithilien.
(III 77), .
( ) Sunnlending,
. , Zuiderleen, " " ,
" " ( Outlands) -- Anórien.
Tarlang's Neck[147]. Neck ( ), Tarlang . -- Tarlangs hals; -- Engte van Tarlang.
Neck -- ,
, ,
, Erech
Lamedon. Tarlang,
, .
Teeth of Mordor[148]. "Teeth of" .
Three-farthing Stone[149]. . Farthings. ,
"farthing".
Tighfield[150]. , ,
", ",
"tie",
"tie". -- " " ("rope-walk"), , .
, -
"", ,
" ". -- "taug",
, -- "toug", "tov",
"tog", (
) "tou".
,
"rope-walk" , , ,
, "en repbro över älven borta vid Slättäng".
(. [IV.1]; II 249 ).
, , " "
. , "touwbrug", ,
, .
"rope-walk" : "Seilerbahn" "reberbane" , , ,
. "rope-walk" (
) ,
.
, Slättäng Weideveld Tighfield, , , ,
, . , ,
( ), ,
"", , , ;
: "tigh", "teigh", "tye", "tey".
" "
.
Tindrock.
( ) Tol Brandir, ,
, Rauros.
, , ,
"tind", "", , ,
"find". "tine",
"", "d" .
"tindr", -- "zint".
, (, ,
) "Zinne" . "Zinne" --
"Tinne", -- "Tind(e)", , , . Tol Brandir , .
Tower[151]. ,
Tower(s),
, ,
, .
Treegarth[152] (of Orthanc). "garth" . Isengard. : "garth" --
, (
Orthanc).
Underharrow. . Dunharrow. Dunharrow. ,
"harrow" (", ") Dunharrow.
Upbourn[153]. "Up-"
, , ( Upavon ),
, , , Upwey -- , Weymouth.
Snowbourn , Edoras, , Underharrow.
, , ,
-- Upburnan.
Watchwood[154]. .
Waymeet.
Shire I Waymoot,
-- Waymeet[155], , .
, .
Weathertop[156]. . ,
Amon Sûl, "
".
Wellinghall. Treebeard ("
") . . --
" ( ) ".
Westemnet.
"emnet" -- " , ",
"slette" "emnet"
"Ebene". ,
, "West-"
(, "V")
, "W",
, "West"
("")
.
Westernesse.
Númenor' ( " ") .
, -- "western" ("") + "ess", ,
"" , , Lyonesse, Logres ( ).
"King
Horn[157]", ,
. , "West-"
. -- Västerness, -- Westernisse.
Westfarthing[158]. . Farthings.
Westfold[159]. . Folde.
Westmarch[160]
( Shire).
. "march" " ".
West Marches ( ).
,
" ":
Isen.
Wetwang.
Nindalf ( "nîn", ", " + "talf",
" "). , . . "wang" --
", ". (Wetwang --
). .
"wet", "wang": "votur" "vangur"; "våt" "vång"; "vaad" "vang".
Wetwang, Natwang ; Våta vägen, , . . : Wetwang . "Wang"
, (
). "Wange" "wang",
"" -- , .
Whitfurrows[161] ( Shire).
. "Whit-" --
"white" ("") (Whitlock) (Whitley). . Whitfoot. Whitwell Shire (Whitwell --
). .
Wilderland[162]. ( ),
"wilderness" (, ,
), "wilder"
("") "bewilder" ("()"). , Rhovanion
(. , ), Misty Mountains ( Mirkwood), Running. -- Wilderland:
, , "wildernis" (
-- "Wildnis", -- "vildnis").
Withywindle[163]. , , ,
Shire.
, ("withies"). "Withy-" ,
"-windle" (Withywindle "withywind",
[164]).
, ""
. Wilgewinde
("wilg" = "willow",
""). ,
, Vittespring. , "withy", "Weide".
[165]
,
( ), (
), .
Elder Days[166].
" " ( ),
,
"Elders" ( , ).
, "eld" -- ", ".
() "be eldern dawes" -- " , -".
" " ,
" ".
"i Äldre tiden",
-- "de Oude Tid" ( ,
, ).
"Eldar", .
"Elda" -- "", .
"Elda" --
"edhel". . Elder
Kindred.
Elven-.
, . Elven-smiths.
Evermind[167].
, "simbelmynë". "-mind" "",
"",
-- , Anemone pulsatilla ( ),
, [168].
. ,
"-mind",
" ", .
, "" . (
"evighetsblommor",
"Immerdaar").
Ithilstone. "-stone" ("").
Kingsfoil[169]. , "-foil" ( "foil") "",
( "cinquefoil", ). asëa .
Lithe. "Lithe" ("líða" )
. Shire -- ,
. "(the) Lithe" (183-) (.
D).
,
( , ,
), "Lithe" (
, ).
"Lithe" (
-- ).
( " ", 3)
"...
Lithe,
" "Han valdes vart sjunde år vid midsommarvakan uppe pä kritklipporna i sommarsolståndets natt". ,
" ", " " ("White Downs") " ",
, , , .
"", ,
" " (
"Vrije Markt"), ,
.
,
, .
(24 ), - -- "Jónsvaka", "Jónsmessa" - "Sankthansnat",
"Skaersommernat" -. !
. Yule.
Longbottom Leaf[170]. . Longbottom " ".
Mathom. --
, (. Smials . F). ( 1)
"- , ,
". "máðm" -- ", ".
Old Toby[171]. , Toby (Tobold Hornblower),
(. , 2).
Old Winyards. ,
" ". Winyard
, , ,
"vin-" [172].
, ,
, "" :
"weingarten",
"vingaard"
. . -- "Oude Wijngaarden".
( "Winyards" , "vingård".).
Púkel-men[173].
. "púcel" ( "puckle"[174]), "puk-" ( , ,
, ),
, .. ( Puck), .
"púkel-men" . "púkel" ,
( ) . -- "de Púkel-mensen", -- "Pukel-männen".
Rope-walk. , [IV.1] ,
. . Tighfield.
Smials.
(
), ""; .
"smygel" ("")
. (Gollum), Sméagol. . F[vii].
Springle-ring[175]. . --
-- ,
.
Tale "Tale of Years[176]" ", ".
Westmansweed. , ,
" () " ( Westernesse, Númenor).
Yule. Lithe, .
" " D, "Midwinter" ( )
[177].
, Rivendell . [178],
, 25 --
, "Yule" ( )
. 25 ( ) 25 (
) .
"Yule",
"Lithe", , ,
, . ,
( --
"Jule"). "Yule"
( , ), --
,
;
. , , , -
,
(. A),
, , "Yule",
" "
.
"Jul" ( ?) "Julblock"
( , ) "Julklapp".
; , ,
"Jule" .
[1]
" " ,
( )
, [IV.7]; " "
" A (B, C, D, E F)",
, .
( . .).
[2] .
[3] ("Common Speech" ) ,
" ". . F.
[4] "cul-de-sac",
, " "
"". "Bag End" -- .
"pudding-bag" ( ",
", )
"". . Bag End " ".
[5] "Wight" -- ", ".
[6] "Beech" -- ""; "bone" -- ",
" .
[7] "Big
folk", "big people" -- " ".
[8] "Black captain" -- " "; "black one" -- "
(- - )"; "black riders" -- " ".
[9] "Brace" -- ""; "girdle" -- ",
".
[10] Boileau ("drink" -- , "water" -- ).
[11] .
[12] "Bookland" ( " ") --
" , - ".
[13] -- " ".
[14] -- "".
[15] "Barley" -- ""; "-man"
, .
[16] "Captains of the west" -- " (,
) ".
[17] "The chief" -- ", ; , ; (, );
, ".
[18] ", ".
[19] "Dark lord" -- " ", "dark power" -- "
".
[20] "The dead" -- ", , ",
, , "".
[21] "Elder" --
"old"
-- ", ". "elder" " (
)", ", ", ",
". "Kindred" -- "", "race" -- ";
, , ", "people" -- "".
[22] " ".
[23] "Elven" -- "" ( --
""), "smiths" -- "".
"elfin"
" , , , ;
, ".
[24] (1563-1631) -- .
[25] "changeling",
"", ",
". "Changeling" ",
".
[26] "The Enemy"
"". , "the Enemy", "the old enemy"
, .
[27] -- " ".
[28] "Fair" -- , (
"", ""); "bairn" "child" -- .
[29] ", ".
[30] "Fallow-deer" -- "".
[31] ", ".
[32] "Fang" (.) -- ", ; , ", "
(, , )", "fangen" -- ", ".
[33] "Fatty" -- ", "; "lumpish" --
", ; , , ; ,
".
[34] "Fell
riders" -- " ".
[35] "Fellowship
of the ring" -- " ".
[36] -- "".
[37] "Fire" -- ""; "foot" --
""
[38] -- "".
[39] -- " ". ,
[I.9], , Will Whitfoot " ,
, ".
[40] "Free folk; free lords of the free; free peoples" -- ";
; ."
[41] "Gamgee tissue", "gamgee" --
, ,
...
[42] . "Tale
of Gamelyn"
[43] -- " ".
[44] "Geissblatt" - "", "Geiss" --
"", "blatt" -- "".
[45] -- " ".
"-berry"
.
[46] -- " ". .
"The Enemy".
[47] "Grey company" -- " ".
[48] . grēg, "" hama, ", , ".
[49] "Grey host" -- " ".
[50] "Grey pilgrim" -- " , ".
[51] "Guardian" -- "; , ".
[52] "Healer(s)" -- "()".
[53] "Heather" -- ""; "toes" -- "
".
[54] "Hole-man" -- " "
[55] "Horn blower" -- "; (,
)"
[56] (- "Reynard the Fox") --
. ..
"-",
. ,
.
[57] "Leaf" -- " ()"; "lock" --
"".
[58] "Marigold" -- "" ().
[59] -- .
[60] "Mugwort" -- .
.
[61] "Necromancer" -- "".
[62] "Old"
-- "".
[63]
"" "e".
[64] "" -- -
, 10 . .
112- -- "eotenas ond ylfe ond orcneas," (, "orc-nass"
"orcneas").
[65] , "þyrs".
[66] "Pick" -- , , ,
", " (. "picked" -- "; ,
"); "thorn" -- ", ".
"pick a thorn" -- " ".
[67] "Pimple" -- ", , ".
[68] "Proud" , , -- ",
, "; "foot" -- "".
: " Proudfoot -- ,
".
[69] "Quick" -- ", "; "beam" -- ",
" ( "bēam", ", ").
[70] "Ring" -- "", "wraiths" --
"".
[71] "Skin" -- "", "bark" -- "".
[72] -- " ".
[73] -- " ".
[74] -- " ".
[75] -- ", ".
[76] Webster's New International Dictionary (1927) "bullroarer": " ,
. ,
.
( ) .
".
[77] -- " ".
[78] "Two" -- ", ", "foot" --
"".
[79] -- " ".
[80] "Wand" -- ", ", "limb" --
"", ", ".
[81] -- " woses".
[82] "Ashen" : ",
" " ( )".
[83] . "Baggins"
" ".
[84] "Bagshot" -- " Bag", "row" -- "
, ".
[85] "Down" -- , .
[86] "barrow" -- "".
[87] "Field" -- .
[88] "Battle" -- "", "gardens" --
"", "pit" -- ", ; ;
".
[89] "Better" -- ", ".
[90] "Black country, black land " -- " , ".
[91] "Black stone" -- " ".
[92] "Black root" -- " , ", "vale" --
"".
[93] "Blessed" - ", ", "realm" --
", ".
[94] "Bonfire" -- "", "glade" --
"".
[95] "Brandy" -- "", "wine" --
"".
[96] "Hill"
-- "", "land"
-- "".
[97] "Ford" -- "".
[98] "Bulge" -- ",
; , , ".
[99] -- " Water". "water" "; , ,
".
[100] "the cleft (of the spider)" "
()", "cleft" ("")
"cleave",
", " "".
[101] "Cloudy head" -- " ".
[102]
"the crack of doom" " ,
".
[103] , "crick" --
, " ; ; ;
; , ", ", ;
".
[104] "Coomb" - "; ; ".
[105] " "
Deeping Coomb Deeping Stream, -- Deeping-coomb
Deeping-stream.
[106] "Tarnkappe" -- "-" (.),
"tarnen"
-- ", ".
[107] Dark Door -- " ".
[108] "dim" (", ,
") "rill", "; , ".
"Dale"
"", "gate" -- "", "stair" --
"; ".
[109] "Dum" -- ""
(.).
[110] "dūn"
", ", "hearg" -- ", , ,
".
[111] (---) --
.
[112] "Emnet" -- ""
(.).
[113] " farthing".
[114] "Elvenhome, elven door, elven river" -- " , ,
".
[115] ,
"wæsc" (
"wash") ", ,
".
[116] "Dales" -- "".
[117] "Fen" -- ", ".
[118] "holt" (. Dimholt)
"wood"
"", "feld" -- "; "
( "field" -- "").
[119] "Gladden fields" -- " ".
, (
), iris pseudacorus, iris foetidissima.
[120] "River"
-- "".
[121] "Golden
Perch" -- " ".
[122] "Hallows" -- "", ""
"" ( ).
[123] "Deep" -- . " ", .
", ", "dike" -- ";
", "gate" -- "; , ; ".
[124] "Hill of guard" -- " ".
[125] "Hoar" -- "; - ".
[126] "-ton" . Cotton "
".
[127] "Burg" -- "", "rock" --
"".
[128] "Lake" -- "".
[129] "Lock", "lock up" -- "", "holes" -- "".
[130] "Long" -- "".
[131] "House" -- "".
[132] "Midgewater marshes" "
".
[133] ", ".
[134] " " "
". Mirrormere -- " " (mere -- . "").
[135] " Farthing".
[136] -- " ".
[137] "cleft",
"",
"".
[138] ()
- .
"sýsla"
: ", , " ", ,
". "syssel"
", ",
- .
"syssla" -- ", ".
[139] -- " ".
[140] "Stadel" -- ", ; ".
[141] "stark" ",
", ", ; ,
".
[142] "Stark-naked" -- " ,
".
[143] "Stone" -- "", "wain" --
"" (.), "valley" -- "".
[144] "Stone" -- "", "land" --
"". "stoning" , , "
() ".
[145] -- " ".
[146] , . "sunne",
"" (. . "sun") . "land", "lond" --
"" (. . "land").
[147] "Neck" -- "".
[148] "Teeth of Mordor" -- " ".
[149] "Three-farthing
stone" "
farthing'".
[150] "Field" -- "".
[151] ", ".
[152] "Tree" -- "".
[153] "Bourn" -- "" (. Snowbourn).
[154] -- " ".
[155] "Way" -- ", ", "meet" --
", ".
[156] "Weather" -- ", , ",
"top"
-- "".
[157] "King Horn" -- ,
.
[158] "West" -- ", ".
[159] "West" . .
[160] "West" . .
[161] "Furrow" -- " ".
[162] "wild" , , ";
; " " ;
" (.).
[163] "Wind" -- ", ".
[164] , "withywind" --
(Clematis vitalba), ,
.
[165] "
" ,
, , .
[166] -- " ".
"elder" -- " ". .
"Elder Kindred" "
".
[167] "Ever" -- "; , ".
[168] "wood anemone",
,
.
[169] "King's" -- ",
".
[170] "Leaf" -- "".
[171] "Old Toby" -- " ".
[172] ""
-- "vineyard".
[173] "-men" "",
"".
[174] , "puck", "Puck", ", -, , ".
[175] "Springle" -- , "spring"
(""); "ring" (", ") , ,
"to dance in a ring" -- ", (
)".
[176] -- " ".
[177] , . "Yule"
, "Midwinter" -- . ,
" "
.
[178] "fellowship of the ring", " ".
[i] "
."
[ii] " Fallohides , -- ;
."
[iii] " Buckland Shire . ,
Marish Brandywine,
. ,
, Stoors .
, , . ,
, . , ,
- ''.
Stoors Bree ,
,
."
[iv] " ,
, () ...
... (
Dale) ,
'' ."
[v] " Dunland Dunlending,
."
[vi] " '' 'dwarves',
, 'dwarf' ('; ') -- 'dwarfs'. 'dwarrows' ( 'dwerrows') ...
'dwarves',
. 'Dwarrows' ,
Dwarrowdelf."
[vii] ", 'smial' ( 'smile'),
'' smygel, 'trân'
'trahan'. Sméagol
Déagol --
Trahald (" , ")
Nahald (""),
."
Last-modified: Sat, 19 Jul 2003 09:09:53 GMT