Help- Midnight Commander (4.5.30) (..)
mc -,
/usr/lib/mc/mc.hlp
mc.hlp.gz.
19 Oct 1999
, mailto:kos@nbrt.kazan.su
---------------------------------------------------------------
, html
ASCII- " ^T " " < "
mc.hlp.gz (66Kb)
---------------------------------------------------------------
[Contents]
:
Midnight Commander DESCRIPTION
How to use help
OPTIONS
Overview
Mouse Support
Keys
Miscellaneous Keys
Directory Panels
Shell Command Line
General Movement Keys
Input Line Keys
Menu Bar
Left and Right Menus
... Listing Mode...
... Sort Order...
... Filter...
Reread
"" File Menu
File Operations
/ Mask Copy/Rename
Internal File Viewer
Internal File Editor
(Chmod) Chmod
/ (Chown) Chown
Chown Advanced Chown
Quick cd
"" Command Menu
Directory Tree
Find File
External panelize
Hotlist
Background jobs
Extension File Edit
Menu File Edit
"" Options Menu
Configuration
Display bits
Confirmation
Learn keys
Virtual FS
Layout
Save Setup
Executing operating system commands
cd The cd internal command
- Macro Substitution
subshell The subshell support
Midnight Commander Controlling Midnight Commander
Completion
Virtual File System
ftpfs FTP File System
tar Tar File System
FISH (FIle transfer over SHell) FIle transfer over SHell filesystem
NFS (Network File System) Network File System
UFS (Undelete File System) Undelete File System
Colors
Special Settings
Terminal databases
QueryBox
FILES
AVAILABILITY
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
BUGS
( ) License
( )License-ru
[DESCRIPTION]
Midnight Commander
Midnight Commander - ,
UNIX- .
[How to use help]
Midnight Commander -
,
F1.
-
() .
(
) .
.
,
( ).
.
-,
-
'b' -
.
TAB ,
ENTER - .
-
-
, 'l' (last).
ESC .
.
.
:
General Movement Keys.
tab .
M-tab .
down
.
up
.
right, enter .
left, l .
F1 .
n .
p .
c .
F10, esc .
[OPTIONS]
Midnight Commander
^T"-a"
.
^T"-b" - .
^T"-c" .
Colors.
^T"-C arg" ,
. arg
Colors.
^T"-d" .
^T"-f"
Midnight Commander.
^T"-k" ,
, termcap/terminfo.
HP,
.
^T"-P" Midnight Commander
; ,
,
-
, ( Torben Fjerdingstad
Sergey , -
).
bash zsh:
mc ()
{
MC=/tmp/mc$$-"$RANDOM"
/usr/bin/mc -P "$@" > "$MC"
cd "`cat $MC`"
rm "$MC"
unset MC;
}
tcsh:
alias mc 'setenv MC `/usr/bin/mc -P \!*`; cd $MC; unsetenv MC'
^T"-s" ,
( )
() .
^T"-t" ,
Slang terminfo:
Midnight Commander
TERMCAP
.
^T"-u" shell
( , Midnight
Commander
).
^T"-U" subshell (
, Midnight Commander
subshell ).
^T"-v file" ,
Midnight Commander-
.
Midnight Commander -
shell.
^T"-V" .
^T"-x" xterm.
, xterm (
Esc--
) (two screen modes, and able
to send mouse escape sequences).
(path name) ( -
) ,
; - , .
[Overview]
Midnight Commander
. , "",
-
.
, , , .
,
.
, ,
(shell).
( )
F1 - F10.
.Menu Bar ;
,
F9.
Midnight Commander
.
,
.
,
.
,
(shell), .
- .
, ()
. (
) ,
, .
(Directory Panels), Directory Panels "
"Left and Right Menus " "" ("File Menu").File Menu
Midnight Commander,
() Enter.
Shell Command Line
Input Line Keys ,
.
[Mouse Support]
Midnight Commander .
,
xterm(1) ( xterm
, telnet rlogin)
Linux gpm
.
,
( );
, (
, ).
( ); ,
Extension File Edit ,
, -
.
,
,
.
,
.
. ,
,
.
Help " ".Directory Tree
(auto repeat rate) 400
.
^Tmouse_repeat_rate ~/.mc/iniSave Setup
Commander ,
Commander , ,
(
), Shift.
[Keys]
Midnight Commander -
^TControl ( CTRL CTL)
^TMeta ( ALT Compose). -
:
C-<> ,
Control <>. C-f
: Control , , (
) f.
M-<> ,
Meta Alt
<>. Meta Alt,
ESC, , <>.
Midnight Commander
"" , GNU
Emacs.
. :
""File Menu ,
, "".
, -
.
.
Directory Panels ,
(
"").
(Shell)Shell Command Line
,
.
/
(
) .
Input Line Keys
, ,
.
[Miscellaneous Keys]
,
,
:
Enter. ( )
- ,
( , -
). ,
,
Midnight Commander chdir(2)
;
, .
,
,
(extensions file)Extension File Edit, ,
.
C-l ,
Midnight Commander.
C-x c ChmodChmod
.
C-x o ChownChown
.
C-x l .
C-x s
C-x i "".
C-x q .
C-x ! " "External panelize.
C-x h " "Hotlist.
M-! " ",
" "".File Menu
M-? " "Find File.
M-c " "Quick cd.
C-o Midnight Commander Linux-
SCO-, xterm,
. Linux- Midnight
Commander (cons.saver)
.
Midnight Commander -
(subshell),
- Midnight Commander C-o -
Midnight Commander-.
C-o.
,
, Midnight
Commander ,
.
[Directory Panels]
,
. ,
, .Left and Right Menus
Tab, C-i. () .
, ,
, .
Insert, C-t. ,
, Insert
(the kich1 terminfo sequence) C-t (Control-t).
.
M-g, M-r, M-j. ,
, ,
.
C-s, M-s.
.
,
, . ^T" -"
("Show mini-status") ,
-.
,
. ^T"backspace" ^TDEL
. C-s
, .
M-t.
.
(long listing) ,
.
C-\ (control-backslash). Hotlist
.
+ (plus). ,
() ,
.
^T shell (Shell Patterns) ,
(* , ?
). ^T shell
,
( ed (1)).
(/),
, .
\\ (backslash). "\"
, , ,
"+".
, C-p.
.
, C-n.
.
home, a1, M-<.
.
end, c1, M->.
.
PageDown, C-v. .
PageUp, M-v. .
M-o. ,
,
( C-o Emacs).
,
, .
C-PageUp, C-PageDown. mc Linux:
, , (chdir)
("..") .
M-y.
;
'<' .
M-u. -
; '>'.
;
'v' .
[Shell Command Line]
, -
.
M-Enter.
.
C-Enter. , M-Enter,
Linux.
M-Tab.
(completion)Completion , , ,
( ,
).
C-x t, C-x C-t. -
( , )
(C-x t) (C-x C-t).
C-x p, C-x C-p.
, -
, .
C-q. (the quote command) ,
, - -
Midnight Commander- (, '+').
M-p, M-n.
. M-p
, M-n -
.
M-h. (
- ).
[General Movement Keys]
(General Movement Keys)
,
.
,
.
, .
Midnight Commander-
,
.
Up, C-p.
Down, C-n.
Prev Page, Page Up, M-v.
Next Page, Page Down, C-v.
Home, A1. .
End, C1.
:
b, C-b, C-h, Backspace, Delete.
Space bar.
u, d. .
g, G.
[Input Line Keys]
( Shell Command Line ,
)
:
C-a. .
C-e. .
C-b, -. .
C-f, -.
.
M-f. .
M-b. .
C-h, backspace. , .
C-d, Delete. .
C-@. ,
( ) .
C-w. , ,
, .
M-w. , ,
.
C-y.
.
C-k. .
M-p, M-n.
. M-p ,
M-n - .
M-C-h, M-Backspace. .
M-Tab. (completion)Completion
, , ,
.
[Menu Bar]
Midnight Commander
F9 .
: "", "", ",
" "" (
"Left", "File", "Command", "Options" "Right").
.
"" ""Left and Right Menus ,
, , -
, ,
.
""File Menu -
.
""Command Menu ,
.
""Options , -
Midnight Commander.
,
.
[Left and Right Menus]
("" "")
,
, ""
("Left") "" ("Right") .
[Listing Mode...]
...
. 4
: (Full),
(Brief), (Long)
(User).
,
.
(brief)
, (
).
(long) -
, "ls -l" .
.
" " ("User"),
.
:
"half" ( ) "full" ( ).
,
. 2
.
. :
name, .
size, .
bsize, ,
,
"SUB-DIR" "UP--DIR".
type, .
,
ls -F:
* - (asterisk) ;
/ - (slash) ;
@ - (at-sign) (links);
= - ( ) (for sockets)
- - (hyphen) - ;
+ - - ;
| - (pipe) FIFO,
~ - () ;
! - ( ) (stalled) -
(, ).
mtime, .
atime, .
ctime, .
perm, , .
mode,
.
nlink, .
ngid, (GID, ).
nuid, (UID, ).
owner, .
group, , .
inode, inode .
:
space, .
mark, (asterisk) , -
.
|, .
, , -
':', , -
.
'+',
, , ,
.
, :
half type,name,|,size,|,mtime
- :
full
perm,space,nlink,space,owner,space,group,space,size,space,
mtime,space,name
, :
half name,|,size:7,|,type,mode:3
,
,
:
"" ("Info")
(,
inode).
"" ("Tree")
, ,
Directory Tree "" ("Commands").
.
" " ("Quick View")
,
. -
Internal File Viewer, ,
Tab ,
.
[Sort Order...]
...
-
:
- ;
- ;
- ;
- ;
- ;
- (inode);
- .
, ,
, , , -
(
" (reverse)".
,
, "
" ("Mix all files" ) ""
""Options Menu .
[Filter...]
...
"" ,
, (,
"*.tar.gz" ).
, .
[Reread]
(Reread)
"" , -
. ,
.
" " (
),
, (
External panelize).
[File Menu]
""
Midnight Commander
F1 - F10 "" ,
"". Escape-,
F1-F10, terminfo kf1 - kf10. -
, ESC,
1 9 0 ( F1 - F9 F10).
(F1)
Help.
Tab
Enter .
Backspace
. F1
.
"" (
"" ):
(F2)
.Menu File Edit
Midnight Commander
.
(F3, Shift-F3)
, .
Internal File Viewer, ,
" " ("Use internal view")
"" "" ("Options"),
,
PAGER .
PAGER , .
F3 Shift-F3,
.
(Filtered View) (M-!)
,
(
-
).
.
(F4)
vi, ,
EDITOR , Internal File Editor ( -
" " " / -
").
(F5)
, -
,
( ,
) , -
. , -
, . ,
( * ^\(.*\)$,
^T shell (Shell Patterns) ,
(wildcards)
,
/.Mask Copy/Rename
C-c
ESC , .
, <>
, < > ( M-b ).
"/ "Background Jobs,
,
(C-x c)
.
(C-x l)
.
. (C-x s)
. -
, :
,
. ,
, , ,
. "" (link)
(alias) (shortcut).
.
, ,
. (
), (
-).
. ,
.
- .
,
.
Midnight Commander
"@"
( ,
"~").
- ( ^T"-
-" ("Show mini-status") ),
.
, , -
.
/ (C-x o) chown.
()
.
(F6)
,
,
( ,
) , .
, ,
, .
,
( ).
(F7)
.
(F8)
, ( ,
) .
, C-c ESC .
(Quick cd) (M-c)
Quick cd
, (
).
(+)
. Midnight Commander ,
,
. ^T
shell (Shell Patterns) ,
, shell (* -
, ?
). ^T shell
(Shell Patterns) ,
( ed (1)).
, , ,
'/'.
(\ - )
.
.
(F10, Shift-F10)
Midnight Commander. Shift-F10
, shell wrapper.
Shift-F10 ,
Midnight Commander, ,
, Midnight Commander.
[File Operations]
,
, Midnight Commander -
, , () ()
.
- (progress bars). (file bar) -
, (, -
). (count bar)
. (bytes bar) -
(
). " -
" (. "/"), -
.
.
<> ,
.
<>
, .
.
. <>
, ,
, <>,
. , <>,
,
(, ).
,
.
-
- ( ,
).
. ("
?") :
- ( <>);
- ,
( <>);
- - --
( < >).
("-
?")
( -
). 4 :
- <> -
;
- <> - () , -
-;
- < > - ( -
-,
);
- < >.
,
<> .
.
,
. <>
, <>
, <> , -
, < > -
, <>
. <> <>
, ,
.
,
, .
.
[Mask Copy/Rename]
/
( -
)
.
-
, (-).
(wildcards) ,
.
, , -
( ) -
-. ,
() , -
-.
, -
/ , -
, :
" " (Follow links) ,
-
( ) -
, ( ), -
.
" , " (Dive into subdirs) ,
, - -
, (), -
(). ( )
- -.
,
, -
. :
foo -
/bla/foo, . ( -
) mc foo /bla/foo.
,
/bla/foo/foo.
" " (Preserve attributes) ,
/
: , , root, UID
GID . ,
umask.
" shell" .
" shell" ,
(wildcards) '*' '?'
. , -
shell.
'*' '\<>'. '*'
-
, '*' ..
, '\1'
, '\2' -
.. '\0' -
.
:
"*.tar.gz", - "/bla/*.tgz"
- "foo.tar.gz",
"foo.tgz" "/bla".
, "file.c" "c.file".
"*.*",
- "\2.\1".
" shell" .
" shell" (Use shell patterns)
, MC .
,
,
'\(...\)'.
, .
:
"^\(.*\)\.tar\.gz$", -
"/bla/*.tgz"
"foo.tar.gz", "/bla/foo.tgz".
,
, "file.c"
"c.file". - "^\(.*\)\.\(.*\)$",
- "\2.\1".
" "
-
. '\u' '\l' ,
(-
) () .
'\U' '\L',
, '\E' '\U', -
'\L' .
'\u' '\l' -
, '\U' and '\L'.
, '*' ( "
shell" ) '^\(.*\)$' ( "
shell" ), '\L\u*',
,
, - .
'\'
. , '\\'
backslash '\*' (asterisk).
[Internal File Viewer]
: ASCII (hex). -
F4. -
gzip GNU,
(
).
, -
. -
, ,
.
(
), .
,
, :
"String" 0xFE 0xBB "more text".
.
Some internal details about the viewer: On systems that
provide the mmap(2) system call, the program maps the file
instead of loading it; if the system does not provide the
mmap(2) system call or the file matches an action that
requires a filter, then the viewer will use it's growing
buffers, thus loading only those parts of the file that
you actually access (this includes compressed files).
,
.
F1 . .
F2 . .
F4 . ASCII .
F5 . . ,
.
F6 , / . .
? . .
F7 . .
C-s . ,
, (
) .
C-r . , C-s ,
.
n . .
F8 . Raw/Parsed: -
, ,
,
mc.ext. -
,
F8, ,
.
F9 . -
:
. ,
, .
F10 , Esc . .
PageDown , space , C-v . .
PageUp , M-v , backspace . .
. .
. .
C-l . .
! .
( shell,
C-d ).
"[n] m " n ( ).
"[n] r " n.
C-f . .
C-b .
.
M-r .
(//).
-
, .Extension File Edit
[Internal File Editor]
-
, .
F4 , -
1 ^Tuse_internal_edit .
16 .
.
: , -
, , ;
(^T"key for key undo" ); ;
; -; -
(
, scanf-printf); -
shift- MSW-MAC (
linux-); --
; -
(an option to pipe text blocks through shell
commands like indent).
.
, , -
, ,
F9 .
:
Shift-< > .
Ctrl-Ins cooledit.clip.
Shift-Ins
cooledit.clip .
Shift-Del ,
cooledit.clip.
Enter
, -
. ,
Shift,
.
, , Ctrl-R ,
, .
Ctrl-R -
- ,
().
Ctrl-A .
Meta (Alt),
Ctrl, Esc , ,
-
.
-
cedit/cooledit.macros .
.
F19 ( IBM PC,
, -
F9, ) -
C.
, ,
cedit/edit.indent.rc
, :
#!/bin/sh
/usr/bin/indent -kr -pcs ~/cedit/cooledit.block >& /dev/null
cat /dev/null > ~/cedit/cooledit.error
scanf -
C. -
man- sscanf sprintf , ,
. :
, ,
,
, , ,
^Tapples , , ^Toranges
.
, (F4),
:
Enter search string
(%d,%d,%d)
Enter replace string
apples %d oranges %d
Enter replacement argument order
3,2
,
-
.
" " ("Prompt on replace"),
,
,
. Scanf
.
(160+). ,
" " (Display bits)
"" "7 ",
(to keep the spacing clean).
. ,
, -
F9 . ,
man- man mcedit info mcedit .
[Chmod]
(Chmod)
" " -
chmod -
.
"" "C-x c ".
" " -
^TPermissions ^T .
""
, -
.
"Permissions"
.
,
.
.
-
.
^T .
-
^T- ^TTab .
"" .
, -
, Enter
[Set] ( ). -
[] .
"" (
).
( ).
,
,
[Set] <Enter>
[Set all] .
,
, , <Ins>
<T>. ,
.
(
):
[Marked all] ( ) -
, -
,
() ; ,
.
[Set marked] ,
, 1.
[Clean marked] ,
, 0.
[Set]
( ),
, [Marked all].
[Cancel] Chmod.
[Chown]
/ (Chown)
"/" , -
, -
. ""
- C-x o .
[Advanced Chown]
Chown
" Chown",
, ,
(Chmod)Chmod / (Chown)Chown.
,
.
[Quick cd]
(Quick cd)
,
, , -
cdThe cd internal command.
,
,
cd .
<Enter>.
[Command Menu]
""
Directory Tree
, .
Find File
. "" - M-? .
" " ("Swap panels")
. "" - C-u .
" " ("Panels on/off")
shell.
xterm Linux SCO.
"" - C-o .
" " ("Compare directories",
"" - C-x d ) ,
.
"" (F5) ,
.
. -
.
(). , -
mmap(2).
,
.
" " -
. -
( -
/, - Enter).
M-p M-n ,
.
M-p
, M-n -
.
" "Hotlist (C-\ )
, ,
.
" "External panelize
,
( - find).
" "Extension File Edit
(
) ,
(, )
.
<Enter>.
" "Menu File Edit
(
F2).
[Directory Tree]
(Directory Tree)
" "
, .
:
" " "" ""
.
, Midnight Commander
.
, , ,
C-r ( F2 ).
:
General Movement Keys.
Enter.
.
Enter
, .
C-r, F2 (Rescan). .
,
:
.
F3 (Forget). .
. ,
F2.
F4 (Static/Dynamic).
( )
.
(..
)
/.
.
/
.
" ",
, .
( ),
.
.
F5 (Copy). ( ,
, ).
F6 (RenMov). .
F7 (Mkdir). ()
.
F8 (Delete). .
C-s, M-s. ,
. ,
.
C-h, Backspace. ()
.
.
,
.
C-s .
-.
F1 (Help).
.
Esc, F10. .
.
.
Enter.
Mouse Support.
[Find File]
(Find File)
" " ("Find File")
,
. <> (<Tree>),
Directory Tree.
"" (contents) -
egrep(1). ,
, egrep, -
"\", ,
"strcmp (",
"strcmp \(" ( ).
, ,
<> (<Ok>).
<>
(<Stop>) <> (<Start>).
,
" " " ".
<> (<Chdir>) ,
. <>
(<Again>) .
<> (<Quit>) .
<> (<Panelize>) ,
,
- (, , ,
). C-r
.
, " "
(, ,
CDROM ,
NFS ).
, ,
find_ignore_dirs Misc
~/.mc/ini . ,
:
[Misc]
find_ignore_dirs=/cdrom:/nfs/wuarchive:/afs
(. External panelize)
,
" " .
[External panelize]
(External panelize)
" " (
" ")
.
, -
,
" "
:
find . -type l -print
,
, .
,
FTP-, -
:
awk '$9 ~! /incoming/ { print $9 }' < /usr/adm/xferlog
,
,
.
<>. ,
.
,
.
[Hotlist]
(Hotlist)
" "
( ),
. -
.
,
/.
(C-x h ),
.
.
. -
CDPATH ( -
cd The cd internal command).
[Background jobs]
,
Midnight Commander (
).
"" C-x j ,
,
.
[Extension File Edit]
""
~/.mc/ext .
( 3.0):
, # .
, ( ,
),
:
^Tkeyword/descNL, .. , ^Tkeyword/
, ^Tdesc .
keyword :
^Tshell ( desc (- -
), desc - , ..
, desc.
: .tar *.tar. desc -
, desc .
^Tregex (desc - )
, GNU
regex, "\|" "|",
"|" ( ).
, "(" ")"
"\(" "\)".
^Ttype ( ,
`file %f` desc
( filename: `file %f` ))
^Tdirectory ( , -
desc)
^Tinclude (matches an include directive)
^Tdefault ( , ,
desc)
, ,
:
^Tkeyword=commandNL ( "="),
^Tkeyword :
^TOpen ( , ,
Enter
),
^TView (F3),
^TEdit (F4),
^TDrop ( drops some files on it)
^TIcon name is name of the corresponding icon (XPM). If
it has no path, the default path for mc icons
/usr/lib/mc/icons is assumed.
^TTitle is the default icon title for objects. %p is
expanded into the name of that file and %d/%p to a
name with full path. Default title (if none is specified)
is %p
^TInclude is the keyword used to add any further entries
from an include/ section
^T , (those will be
listed in the extension dependent pop-up menu).
^Tcommand - , -
-.Macro Substitution
%% -> %
%p -> ( ,
)
%f -> . %p, -
, -
, tarfs, mcfs ftpfs,
%f , -
.
, -
(-
/#ftp:ftp.cvut.cz/pub/hungry/xword), -
%d/%p %f.
%d -> (pwd, )
%s -> " ", .. (
), , -
( )
%t ->
%u -> (
)
( ,
.
)
%cd -> ,
, -
MC cd ( cd
, -
(child process), %cd -
%view -> , , -
(will be piped into)
(mc's internal file viewer).
%view ,
%f (..
, , %view cat %f)
%view {} ,
, -
:
ascii (Ascii mode),
hex (Hex mode),
nroff (c\bc color highlighting)
unformatted (not highlighting nroff sequences)
%var -> : %var{ENV-VAR:default}.
ENV-VAR, ,
default.
${VAR-def} .
%q -> (
), (user
dropped on it). Drop.
(
). - ()
, ,
(..
, View
, F3 -
, View
. default
.
-
,
, -
email mc-devel@roxanne.nuclecu.unam.mx.
[Menu File Edit]
-
. -
.
: ,
. F1
, Midnight Commander .mc.menu
(
root is not world-writable).
, ~/.mc/menu ,
, mc
/usr/lib/mc/mc.menu .
.
'#'.
'#', . -
, ,
,
, ,
""
. ,
, ,
.
.
- , -
( /usr/tmp)
.
,
(shell).
-,
( -Macro Substitution).
mc.menu:
A od
od -c %f
B root-
vi /tmp/mail.$$
mail -s "Midnight Commander bug" root < /tmp/mail.$$
M
emacs -f rmail
N Usenet
emacs -f gnus
H
info
J
tar cf - . | (cd %D && tar xvpf -)
K
echo -n " : "
read tar
ln -s %d `dirname %d`/$tar
cd ..
tar cvhf ${tar}.tar $tar
= f *.tar.gz | f *.tgz & t n
X tar-
tar xzvf %f
(Default Conditions)
. ,
, '='
. , ,
.
: = <sub-cond>
: = <sub-cond> | <sub-cond> ...
: = <sub-cond> & <sub-cond> ...
<sub-condition> :
f <pattern> ?
F <pattern>
?
d <pattern>
?
D <pattern>
?
t <type> <type>?
T <type>
<type>?
! <sub-cond> <sub-cond>
(pattern) - (shell
pattern) ,
"shell patterns". "shell
patterns" "shell_patterns=x"
("x" 0 1).
:
n
r (regular file)
d
l (link)
c - (char special)
b - (block special)
f fifo
s socket
x
t (tagged)
, 'rlf' , ,
fifo.
't' , -
, ,
. '=t t' ,
, , .
'=?' '=', -
-
(a debug trace will be shown whenever the value of the
condition is calculated).
. ,
= f *.tar.gz | f *.tgz & t n
( (f *.tar.gz) | (f *.tgz) ) & (t n)
:
= f *.tar.gz | f *.tgz & t n
L tar-
gzip -cd %f | tar xvf -
(Addition Conditions)
'+' ( '+?') '='
( '=?') -
. ,
, -
.
-
,
'+=' '=+' ( -
, '+=?' '=+?').
, , -
,
, - '+', -
'='.
[Options Menu]
"" ("Options")
Midnight Commander (),
,
,
"". ,
"x" .
Configuration ,
Midnight
Commander.
(Display bits)Display bits
, ,
( ) -
, (, ).
(Confirmation)Confirmation
, ,
.
(Learn keys)Learn keys
,
, ,
,
,
.
(Virtual FS)Virtual FS
, -
, .
(Layout)Layout ,
mc .
(Save setup)Save Setup
ini- .
[Configuration]
, ,
: " ", " "
" ".
(Panel Options)
^T (Backup) .
Midnight Commander , -
'~' ( -B ls GNU).
^T . Midnight Commander
, (
ls -a).
^T . (-
C-t Insert ),
.
^T . ,
F9 ,
( ).
( )
Enter ,
,
.
^T /. ,
.
, ( )
, - .
^T . -
. , Midnight Commander
:
,
i-node ,
;
i-node ( ,
..)
. ( )
( C-r ).
Midnight Commander
,
. :
^T<> , .
Linux SCO xterm
, C-o.
^T< "" > -
,
( ,
xterm Linux-).
^T<>
.
^T (Verbose operation).
, ,
,
.
, .
,
9600 bps.
^TCompute totals. , Midnight Commander
, -
-
- (,
). ,
^T .
^T shell (Shell Patterns).
Select, Unselect Filter ,
, (shell-
like regular expressions). ,
, : '*'
'.*' ( ); '?' '.' (
) '.'
(literal dot). ,
, ed(1).
^T . ,
Midnight Commander
~/.mc/ini .
^T . , -
. ,
(),
.
^T . , -
.
, ,
EDITOR . ,
vi .
.Internal File Editor
^T . ,
.
, ,
PAGER . , -
view .
.Internal File Viewer
^T: (Complete: show all).
Midnight Commander
Completion M-Tab ,
.
M-Tab ,
( ),
. M-Tab
.
M-Tab , .
^TRotating dash. , Midnight Commander
,
, - ().
^T lynx (Lynx-like motion).
, "
"
" "
( , ).
.
^T chown. ,
ChmodChmod ChownChown
Chown.Advanced Chown
^T .
, Midnight Commander
, cd .
bash . , Midnight Commander
cd
,
, cd ..
, , .
^T . ,
.
" "
" "
.
.
[Display bits]
..
-
.
7- , "7 ".
"ISO-8859-1"
ISO-8859-1, " 8- "
,
8- .
[Confirmation]
, ,
,
, mc,
(
, ).
[Learn keys]
..
(Learn keys)Learn keys
,
(F1 -F20 , Home , End ),
.
,
.
, Tab ,
vi ('h ' , 'j ' , 'k ' 'l ' ).
,
OK,
.
. ,
OK.
. , F1 -
( ),
.
. Tab
.
- ,
OK .
,
() ,
.
(
Tab ) Enter .
,
, .
Esc ,
. ,
(
).
,
[terminal:TERM]
~/.mc/ini ( TERM -
) .
, , ,
.
[Virtual FS]
-
Virtual File System.
Midnight Commander -
,
(,
ftp ).
, -
(, tar-) Midnight Commander
.
,
,
.
tar
:
,
tar-,
.
tar- (-
tar- - ),
( tar-
/), tar
tar-.
tar-,
, ,
. -
, Midnight Commander
.
, , .
1 . tarTar File System.
FTP ,
FTP-, ( ). ,
, ^Tftpfs
directory cache timeout .
ftp, -
ftp .
,
- (proxy host),
ftp Midnight Commander
, -.
FTP FTP File System
.
[Layout]
" "
Midnight Commander.
, ,
, -,
. Linux SCO-
,
.
, -
, .
,
, ^T ^T
.Colors
, ^Tperm ^Tmode Listing Mode...,
,
Midnight Commander, ,
^Tselected ( Colors).
,
, ( core),
..
^T- ,
.
[Save Setup]
Midnight Commander
~/.mc/ini .
,
mc.ini . -
, ,
mc -f (
MC). , ^TMC
.
^T ~/.mc/ini ,
,
, Left and Right Menus Options Menu.
^T (
"/"), ^TMC
.
.
- -
.
Special Settings.
[Executing operating system commands]
, MC
,
,
( ),
Enter.
Enter ,
, , Midnight
Commander -
, .Extension File Edit
,
,
.
-.Macro Substitution
[The cd internal command]
cd
^Tcd , -
Midnight Commander.
-
, , :
^T (~)
,
,
.
, ~guest - guest,
~/guest - guest
.
^T ,
'-', :
cd -
^T CDPATH , cd ,
, Midnight
Commander CDPATH
, -
.
, CDPATH
~/src:/usr/src ,
~/src
/usr/src , (cd linux
/usr/src/linux).
[Macro Substitution]
-
, -
,Menu File Edit ,Extension File Edit
,
-.
:
^T"%f" .
^T"%d" .
^T"%F" .
^T"%D" .
^T"%t" .
^T"%T" , .
^T"%u" ^T"%U" %t %T,
. ,
, ,
.
^T"%s" and ^T"%S" : ,
; , .
^T"%q" Dropped files. In all places except in the Drop action
of the mc.ext file,Extension File Edit this will become a null string, in
the Drop action it will be replaced with a space separated
list of files that were dropped on the file.
^T"%cd" ,
, .
.Virtual File System
^T"%view"
. ,
. ,
. :
^Tascii - ascii;
^Thex - hex;
^Tnroff - ,
(bold)
nroff;
^Tunformated - ,
nroff
;
^T"%%" %
^T"%{ }" .
, .
,
. ESC F10 ,
. -
.
[The subshell support]
subshell
subshell - ,
bash, tcsh zsh.
subshell , Midnight Commander -
(a concurrent copy) -
( SHELL ,
, /etc/passwd)
-, ,
. -
subshell. -
, shell
(aliases),
Midnight Commander.
bash , , -
subshell,
~/.mc/bashrc
~/.mc/inputrc . tcsh -
~/.mc/tcshrc .
subshell
C-o
Midnight Commander (
). -
,
, .
subshell , -
(prompt), Midnight Commander
, .
OPTIONS
, () subshell.
[Controlling Midnight Commander]
Midnight Commander
Midnight Commander
MC_CONTROL_FILE. , MC,
MC ,
.
, Midnight Commander
WANT_PARSE.
.
clear_tags .
tag <filename> .
untag <filename> .
select <filename>
.
change_panel .
cd <path> .
(
), .
( ) -
.
. -
,
. "",
" " " ".
, .
[Completion]
(Completion)
Midnight Commander
!
- ,
. MC
, (
$ ), (
~ ), ( @ )
( ,
; -
,
).
,
.
, ,
, -
.
( ), MC
,
^TComplete: show all
/Configuration. ,
Enter . ,
.
M-Tab ,
,
, (
).
,
.
, Esc,
F10 / .
Complete: show allConfiguration ,
,
M-Tab , MC
.
[Virtual File System]
Midnight Commander , -
. -
(
- virtual file system switch)
Midnight Commander- ,
-Unix- .
Midnight Commander
- (VFS):
- , -
Unix;
- ftpfs,
FTP;
- tarfs, tar-
tar-;
- undelfs,
ext2 ( ,
Linux );
- fish (
rsh and ssh);
- , , nfs.
-
-
. -
-
:
ftpfs (FTP File System)FTP File System
tar Tar File System
FISH (FIle transfer over SHell) FIle transfer over SHell filesystem
NFS (Network File System) Network File System
UFS (Undelete File System) Undelete File System
[FTP File System]
FTP
ftpfs
.
"FTP-" (
)
cd, :
^T/#ftp:[!][user[:pass]@]machine[:port][remote-dir]
^Tuser, port ^Tremote-dir .
^Tuser , Midnight Commander
,
,
.
^Tpass ( )
.
( hotlist,
;
).
:
/#ftp:ftp.nuclecu.unam.mx/linux/local
/#ftp:tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/packages
/#ftp:!behind.firewall.edu/pub
/#ftp:guest@remote-host.com:40/pub
/#ftp:miguel:xxx@server/pub
, ,
firewall, ftp://! (
),
Midnight Commander
ftp.
...Virtual FS
"".
- ,
^TAlways
use ftp proxy ...Virtual FS
"". -
-. ( -
) :
/usr/lib/mc.no_proxy ( -
, ), , -
FTP-
, mc.no_proxy ,
.
ftp-
(If you are using the ftpfs code with a
filtering packet router), -
, -
(the
passive-open mode).
^Tftpfs_use_passive_connections .
Midnight Commander
,
FTP, .
...Virtual FS
"". , -
, -
, ,
C-r . -
( , , -
, FTP , -
).
[Tar File System]
Tar
tar tar-
tar-, chdir.
, tar-,
, :
^Tcd ./filename.tar#utar/[dir-inside-tar]
mc.ext -
tar-,
tar-
tar- Enter. , -
, . Extension File Edit
:
cd mc-3.0.tar.gz#utar/mc-3.0/vfs
cd /ftp/GCC/gcc-2.7.0.tar#utar
tar-.
[FIle transfer over SHell filesystem]
FISH (FIle transfer over SHell)
fish - ,
,
. ,
,
fish-, bash- shell.
(chdir),
:
^T/#sh:[user@]machine[:options];/[remote-dir];
^Tuser, ^Toptions ^Tremote-dir .
^Tuser , Midnight Commander -
,
- , -
.
^Toptions :
'C' -
'r' - rsh ssh.
^Tremote-dir ,
.
:
/#sh:onlyrsh.mx:r/linux/local
/#sh:joe@want.compression.edu:C/private
/#sh:joe@noncompressed.ssh.edu/private
[Network File System]
NFS (Network File System)
mc - ,
.
, , -
mcserv(8) .
, -
:
^T/#mc:[user@]machine[:port][remote-dir]
^Tuser, ^Tport ^Tremote-dir .
^Tuser , Midnight Commander -
,
- , -
.
^Tport ,
( ,
, -
man mcserv(8) ). ^Tremote-dir ,
.
:
/#mc:ftp.nuclecu.unam.mx/linux/local
/#mc:joe@foo.edu:11321/private
[Undelete File System]
UFS (Undelete File System)
Linux ext2fs,
, ,
(
ext2). UFS (Undelete
File System)
ext2fs, ,
.
, (
),
(chdir) ,
"/#undel" ,
.
, -
SCSI-,
:
/#undel:/sda2
,
. ,
,
, -
( , !).
[Colors]
Midnight Commander , -
,
. .
, -c -b, -
.
ncurses slang . ncurses
: ncurses
. , ,
, mc -V .
Slang ncurses , -
COLORTERM ; ,
-c.
,
, ^Tcolor_terminals
Colors . Midnight
Commander ,
. :
[Colors]
color_terminals=linux,xterm
color_terminals=terminal-name1,terminal-name2...
Midnight Commander
, .
MC_COLOR_TABLE
Colors .
Colors
() ^Tbase_color .
, -
. :
[Colors]
base_color=
xterm=menu=magenta:marked=,magenta:markselect=,red
:
<keyword>=<foregroundcolor>,<backgroundcolor>:<keyword>= ...
(keywords) :
: normal, selected,
marked, markselect, errors, input, reverse, gauge ;
: menu, menusel, menuhot, menuhotsel ;
: dnormal, dfocus, dhotnormal, dhotfocus ;
: helpnormal, helpitalic, helpbold,
helplink, helpslink ;
: viewunderline ;
: executable, directory, link, device,
special, core ;
: editnormal, editbold, editmarked .
. -
,
. .
^Tinput .
^Tgauge (progress
bar),
( .).
: ^Tdnormal -
, ^Tdfocus - ,
, ^Tdhotnormal -
, ""
, ^Tdhotfocus
""
.
,
menu, menusel, menuhot
menuhotsel.
:
^Thelpnormal - ,
^Thelpitalic - , man-
,
^Thelpbold - , man-
,
^Thelplink - ,
^Thelpslink -
.
(
, Layout):
^Tdirectory
;
^Texecutable - ;
^Tlink - ,
( ) (stalled) -
;
^Tstalledlink - (stalled) ;
^Tdevice - ;
^Tspecial - FIFO IPC sockets;
^Tcore - (core).
: black, gray, red, brightred, green,
brightgreen, brown, yellow, blue, brightblue, magenta,
brightmagenta, cyan, brightcyan, lightgray white .
'default'. 'default'
. :
[Colors]
base_color=normal=white,default:marked=magenta,default
[Special Settings]
(Special Settings)
Midnight Commander
. ,
~/.mc/ini :
^Tclear_before_exec. Midnight Commander
. ,
,
clear_before_exec 0.
^Tconfirm_view_dir. F3 ,
MC .
1, MC ,
,
- .
^Tftpfs_retry_seconds.
( ), Midnight Commander
ftp-
,
. ,
.
^Tftpfs_use_passive_connections.
.
FTP , -
, (behind
a filtering packet router).
, (you are not using
an ftp proxy).
^Tmax_dirt_limit. , -
.
,
.
(keyboard auto repeat)
, a .
- max_dirt_limit, 10,
,
.
^Tmouse_move_pages. ,
(scrolling) , , -
.
^Tmouse_move_pages_viewer. ,
(scrolling) ,
,
.
^Told_esc_mode Midnight Commander
ESC ,
- (old_esc_mode=0), -
<Esc-key>.
1 (old_esc_mode=1),
1 ,
, ESC
(ESC ESC).
^Tonly_leading_plus_minus
'+', '-', '*' .
, -
, -
.
,
,
.
^Tpanel_scroll_pages (
), ()
, ,
(
,
,
). ,
.
^Tpreserve_uidgid ,
root, UID GID .
.
^Tshow_output_starts_shell
, subshell.
, C-o
, .
^Ttorben_fj_mode
Home End .
, ()
, , -
:
Home - ,
,
;
, .
End -
, ; -
;
,
.
^Tuse_file_to_guess_type ,
, -
, mc.ext.Extension File Edit
^Txterm_mode (
),
.
[Terminal databases]
(Terminal databases)
Midnight Commander -
, -
. Midnight Commander -
( mc.lib
Midnight Commander) ~/.mc/ini
"terminal:your-terminal-name",
"terminal:general".
, ,
.
\E escape-
, ^x -
control-x .
:
f0 - f20 ,
f0-f20
bs ,
backspace
home Home
end end
up " "
down " "
left " "
right " "
pgdn page down
pgup page up
insert insert
delete delete
complete
" "
, , , insert
Escape + [ + O + p ,
ini :
insert=\\E[Op
" "
M-tab , ^Tcomplete
( , ,
!).
[QueryBox]
-
( )
,
,
.
[FILES]
(mc , mcedit , mcmfmt )
/usr/bin . , (mc.csh , mc.sh )
, -P
(. OPTIONS),
/etc/profile.d .
,
MCHOME . ,
Midnight
Commander. , ,
mc -f . ,
/usr/lib/mc .
:
/usr/lib/mc/mc.hlp
.
/usr/lib/mc/mc.lib
Midnight Commander.
Midnight Commander-,
(to define
site-global terminal settings).
/usr/lib/mc/mc.ext
.
/usr/lib/mc/mc.ini
-
Midnight Commander;
,
~/.mc/ini .
/usr/lib/mc/mc.hint
(hints cookies),
.
/usr/lib/mc/mc.menu
.
,
bin , cons.saver, -
extfs -
.
:
~/.mc/ext
,
.
,
, -
~/.mc/ini
.
, ,
.
~/.mc/menu
. -
, .
~/.mc/tree
,
"/ " -
.
. , -
("/") .
, -
.
,
"find / -type d -print | sort > ~/.mc.tree".
,
Midnight Commander .
.mc.menu ,
, .
,
.
/usr/doc/mc-4.5.30 4 ,
(
README ), ,
(NEWS ), (FAQ )
GNU,
(COPYING ).
rpm- Midnight Commander
man: /usr/man/man1/mc.1 /usr/man/man1/mcedit.1 .
[AVAILABILITY]
Midnight Commander
^Tftp.nuclecu.unam.mx /linux/local
^Tsunsite.mff.cuni.cz /GNU/mc
^Tftp.teuto.de /lmb/mc.
[SEE ALSO]
ed(1), gpm(1), mcserv(8), terminfo(1), view(1), sh(1),
bash(1), tcsh(1), zsh(1).
, Midnight Commander, World Wide Web:
http://www.gnome.org/mc/
[AUTHORS]
Miguel de Icaza (miguel@roxanne.nuclecu.unam.mx), Janne
Kukonlehto (jtklehto@paju.oulu.fi), Radek Doulik
(rodo@ucw.cz), Fred Leeflang (fredl@nebula.ow.org), Dugan
Porter (dugan@b011.eunet.es), Jakub Jelinek
(jj@sunsite.mff.cuni.cz), Ching Hui
(mr854307@cs.nthu.edu.tw), Andrej Borsenkow
(borsenkow.msk@sni.de), Norbert Warmuth
(nwarmuth@privat.circular.de), Mauricio Plaza
(mok@roxanne.nuclecu.unam.mx), Paul Sheer
(psheer@icon.co.za) and Pavel Machek (pavel@ucw.cz) are
the developers of this package; Alessandro Rubini
(rubini@ipvvis.unipv.it) has been especially helpful
debugging and enhancing the program's mouse support, John
Davis (davis@space.mit.edu) also made his S-Lang library
available to us under the GPL and answered my questions
about it, and the following people have contributed code
and many bug fixes (in alphabetical order):
Adam Tla/lka (atlka@sunrise.pg.gda.pl), alex@bcs.zp.ua
(Alex I. Tkachenko), Antonio Palama, DOS port
(palama@posso.dm.unipi.it), Erwin van Eijk
(wabbit@corner.iaf.nl), Gerd Knorr
(kraxel@cs.tu-berlin.de), Jean-Daniel Luiset
(luiset@cih.hcuge.ch), Jon Stevens
(root@dolphin.csudh.edu), Juan Francisco Grigera, Win32
port (j-grigera@usa.net), Juan Jose Ciarlante
(jjciarla@raiz.uncu.edu.ar), Ilya Rybkin
(rybkin@rouge.phys.lsu.edu), Marcelo Roccasalva
(mfroccas@raiz.uncu.edu.ar), Massimo Fontanelli
(MC8737@mclink.it), Pavel Roskin
(pavel_roskin@geocities.com), Sergey Ya. Korshunoff
(root@seyko.msk.su), Thomas Pundt
(pundtt@math.uni-muenster.de), Timur Bakeyev (timur@bat.ru),
Tomasz Cholewo (tjchol01@mecca.spd.louisville.edu),
Torben Fjerdingstad (torben.fjerdingstad@uni-c.dk),
Vadim Sinolitis (vvs@nsrd.npi.msu.su) and Wim Osterholt
(wim@djo.wtm.tudelft.nl).
(kos@nbrt.kazan.su)
[BUGS]
(BUGS)
TODO, .
- -
, , , e-mail
: ^Tmc-bugs@roxanne.nuclecu.unam.mx .
(/ ),
( -
mc -V), -
. , -
, ,
(a stack trace).
[main]
lqwqk k k
x x x . x . x
x x x k lqu wqk k lqw tqk n
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
v v v mqv v v v mqu v v mj
qqqqqqCommander qj
Version
GNU Midnight Commander 4.5.30.
, ,
EnterHow to use help, Contents .
Midnight Commander
Warranty.
, AUTHORS.
GNULicense
( License-ru ).
.., 1999.
[License]
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation,
Inc. 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim
copies of this license document, but changing it is not
allowed.
Preamble
The licenses for most software are designed to take away
your freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU
General Public License is intended to guarantee your
freedom to share and change free software--to make sure
the software is free for all its users. This General
Public License applies to most of the Free Software
Foundation's software and to any other program whose
authors commit to using it. (Some other Free Software
Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library General
Public License instead.) You can apply it to your
programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to
freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are
designed to make sure that you have the freedom to
distribute copies of free software (and charge for this
service if you wish), that you receive source code or can
get it if you want it, that you can change the software or
use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know
you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions
that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you
to surrender the rights. These restrictions translate to
certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies
of the software, or if you modify it.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program,
whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients
all the rights that you have. You must make sure that
they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you
must show them these terms so they know their rights.
We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the
software, and (2) offer you this license which gives you
legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the
software.
Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to
make certain that everyone understands that there is no
warranty for this free software. If the software is
modified by someone else and passed on, we want its
recipients to know that what they have is not the
original, so that any problems introduced by others will
not reflect on the original authors' reputations.
Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by
software patents. We wish to avoid the danger that
redistributors of a free program will individually obtain
patent licenses, in effect making the program proprietary.
To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent
must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed
at all.
The precise terms and conditions for copying,
distribution and modification follow.
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING,
DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
0. This License applies to any program or other work
which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder
saying it may be distributed under the terms of this
General Public License. The "Program", below, refers to
any such program or work, and a "work based on the
Program" means either the Program or any derivative work
under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the
Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with
modifications and/or translated into another language.
(Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation
in the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed
as "you".
Activities other than copying, distribution and
modification are not covered by this License; they are
outside its scope. The act of running the Program is not
restricted, and the output from the Program is covered
only if its contents constitute a work based on the
Program (independent of having been made by running the
Program). Whether that is true depends on what the
Program does.
1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the
Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium,
provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish
on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and
disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that
refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of
this License along with the Program.
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring
a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty
protection in exchange for a fee.
2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or
any portion of it, thus forming a work based on the
Program, and copy and distribute such modifications or
work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that you
also meet all of these conditions:
a) You must cause the modified files to carry
prominent notices stating that you changed the files and
the date of any change.
b) You must cause any work that you distribute or
publish, that in whole or in part contains or is derived
from the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as a
whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of
this License.
c) If the modified program normally reads commands
interactively when run, you must cause it, when started
running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way,
to print or display an announcement including an
appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no
warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and
that users may redistribute the program under these
conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of
this License. (Exception: if the Program itself is
interactive but does not normally print such an
announcement, your work based on the Program is not
required to print an announcement.)
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.
If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from
the Program, and can be reasonably considered independent
and separate works in themselves, then this License, and
its terms, do not apply to those sections when you
distribute them as separate works. But when you
distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a
work based on the Program, the distribution of the whole
must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions
for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus
to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights
or contest your rights to work written entirely by you;
rather, the intent is to exercise the right to control the
distribution of derivative or collective works based on
the Program.
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on
the Program with the Program (or with a work based on the
Program) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium
does not bring the other work under the scope of this
License.
3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work
based on it, under Section 2) in object code or executable
form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided
that you also do one of the following:
a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding
machine-readable source code, which must be distributed
under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
customarily used for software interchange; or,
b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at
least three years, to give any third party, for a charge
no more than your cost of physically performing source
distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the
corresponding source code, to be distributed under the
terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily
used for software interchange; or,
c) Accompany it with the information you received as
to the offer to distribute corresponding source code.
(This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial
distribution and only if you received the program in
object code or executable form with such an offer, in
accord with Subsection b above.)
The source code for a work means the preferred form of the
work for making modifications to it. For an executable
work, complete source code means all the source code for
all modules it contains, plus any associated interface
definition files, plus the scripts used to control
compilation and installation of the executable. However,
as a special exception, the source code distributed need
not include anything that is normally distributed (in
either source or binary form) with the major components
(compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on
which the executable runs, unless that component itself
accompanies the executable.
If distribution of executable or object code is made by
offering access to copy from a designated place, then
offering equivalent access to copy the source code from
the same place counts as distribution of the source code,
even though third parties are not compelled to copy the
source along with the object code.
4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute
the Program except as expressly provided under this
License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify,
sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will
automatically terminate your rights under this License.
However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from
you under this License will not have their licenses
terminated so long as such parties remain in full
compliance.
5. You are not required to accept this License, since
you have not signed it. However, nothing else grants you
permission to modify or distribute the Program or its
derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if
you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying
or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to
do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying,
distributing or modifying the Program or works based on
it.
6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work
based on the Program), the recipient automatically
receives a license from the original licensor to copy,
distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms
and conditions. You may not impose any further
restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights
granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing
compliance by third parties to this License.
7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or
allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason
(not limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on
you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that
contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you
cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your
obligations under this License and any other pertinent
obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute
the Program at all. For example, if a patent license
would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the
Program by all those who receive copies directly or
indirectly through you, then the only way you could
satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain
entirely from distribution of the Program.
If any portion of this section is held invalid or
unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the
balance of the section is intended to apply and the
section as a whole is intended to apply in other
circumstances.
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to
infringe any patents or other property right claims or to
contest validity of any such claims; this section has the
sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free
software distribution system, which is implemented by
public license practices. Many people have made generous
contributions to the wide range of software distributed
through that system in reliance on consistent application
of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if
he or she is willing to distribute software through any
other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice.
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is
believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License.
8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is
restricted in certain countries either by patents or by
copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who
places the Program under this License may add an explicit
geographical distribution limitation excluding those
countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or
among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this
License incorporates the limitation as if written in the
body of this License.
9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised
and/or new versions of the General Public License from
time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit
to the present version, but may differ in detail to
address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If
the Program specifies a version number of this License
which applies to it and "any later version", you have the
option of following the terms and conditions either of
that version or of any later version published by the Free
Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a
version number of this License, you may choose any version
ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into
other free programs whose distribution conditions are
different, write to the author to ask for permission. For
software which is copyrighted by the Free Software
Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we
sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be
guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of
all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the
sharing and reuse of software generally.
NO WARRANTY
11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE,
THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT
PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED
IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE
QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.
SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR
AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY
OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM
AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY
TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED
BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO
OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR
OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGES.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of
the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to
achieve this is to make it free software which everyone
can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program.
It is safest to attach them to the start of each source
file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty;
and each file should have at least the "copyright" line
and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of
what it does.>
Copyright (C) 19yy <name of author>
This program is free software; you can redistribute it
and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation;
either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any
later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will
be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General
Public License along with this program; if not, write to
the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave,
Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic
and paper mail.
If the program is interactive, make it output a short
notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19yy name of author
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details
type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome
to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c'
for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should
show the appropriate parts of the General Public License.
Of course, the commands you use may be called something
other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a
programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright
disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here is a
sample; alter the names:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest
in the program `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at
compilers) written by James Hacker.
<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
Ty Coon, President of Vice
This General Public License does not permit incorporating
your program into proprietary programs. If your program
is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful
to permit linking proprietary applications with the
library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU
Library General Public License instead of this License.
[License-ru]
GNU
2, 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
(C) . .. , .. , 1993
(C) . .. , 1998
, .
() -
,
. ,
GNU -
, .. ,
. -
,
. (
GNU .)
.
, ,
. ,
, -
( ,
);
, ;
;
, .
, -
,
.
, -
.
,
,
, .
,
. ,
.
: (1)
(2) ,
, / -
.
, , -
, ,
. - ,
, , , --
, , ,
.
, -
. , -
-
, .
, ,
-
, .
,
.
,
1.
, , -
,
, -
.
"" -
, ", "
,
, , ,
/ . (
"".)
"". -
, ,
;
. -
,
, -
,
( ,
). , -
, .
2. -
-
,
-
;
, -
- ;
.
-
.
3.
, , -
,
1,
, , -
:
1.
, ,
, .
2.
,
, ,
- , ,
.
3. -
,
, -
-
,
, (, ,
, ),
-
, -
, .
(: -
,
, ,
, .)
-
.
-
,
, -
.
, ,
-
,
, , , -
, . , -
, ,
; ,
, . , -
,
, ( -
, )
-
.
4. (
, ) 2)
1 2, , ,
:
1.
,
1 2, ,
, ; ,
2. , -
,
,
1 2, ;
3. , -
. (
,
b)
.)
, -
. -
, ,
, ,
.
, -
,
,
,
,
. -
, -
-
, -
.
5. , , -
, ,
. ,
, , -
- -
.
,
,
, -
.
6. ,
.
-
.
, .
, (
, ),
,
, .
7. ,
( , ), -
,
,
.
-
, .
.
8. , -
(
), ,
( ,
), .
,
,
,
.
, -
,
, -
,
.
-
,
, ,
.
-- -
,
, -
; -- -
,
.
;
- ,
.
, , -
.
9. / -
,
, ,
,
,
, -
, .
-
, -
.
10.
/ -
.
, ,
.
. -
,
, " ",
, ,
.
, ,
- .
11. -
,
. , -
,
;
. :
-
.
[Warranty]
12. , -
, -
, ,
.
/
" " - ,
, ,
.
. ,
, .
13. ,
,
,
/ ,
, -
, , ,
,
(,
, ,
, , -
,
),
.
,
,
- ,
.
, -
. --
, -
;
,
, .
,
, .
(C) () 19
;
/
GNU,
; 2, ( )
.
,
, - ; -
.
GNU.
GNU ; ,
: Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place,
Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
,
.
, ,
:
Gnomovision, 69, (C) 19
Gnomovision - ;
'show w'. -
,
;
'show c'.
`show w' `show c'
.
, --
, `show w' `show c'; -
-- ,
.
, (
) ,
, "
" . ;
:
`` ''
'Gnomovision' (
), ..
, 1 1989
, .
, -
. -- ,
, ,
,
. , ,
GNU
.
Local variables:
fill-column: 58
end:
Last-modified: Sat, 23 Apr 2005 06:47:01 GMT