, " " , . " ", (, , ). 16 " ", . .

, -- , , XI , . - , , , . , . , , . , .

, , (XII XIII ..) IX X .. , , , , . .1 , . , , (, - ), , .

" "

, 30- 40- XII ([8], .196) , " " ([8], .231, . .17, .244). (Galfridus Monemutensis "Historia Britonum") -- -- 130 [8]. - , , -- , , , .. , , . (, , ). , " " (Bede) ([9], .244).

, " , " ([9], .207). , , ([9], .207). , . , (, ), ([9], .236).

" " . " (! -- .) "",... , XII XV , .. " ([9], .228). -- 1508 .

.8 , ( ). -- , , .. (12 XIII ..) VIII .. , , , , ( ), , -- . , , , , , .

% ~ 8 (=. 1 )

IX--XIII , .. " " [10]. , , .. . .

, , ?

, , , -- , -- , -- . ( ). , , . , -- ( ) .

, , .. , . , , , , .. XVIII--XX . , , . -- ( ) , . , - . " ", , " ", ..

.

=

,
Meotedisc fen,
Maeotidi lacus,
Maeotidi paludes,
palus Maeotis,
paludes Maeotis,
paludes Maeotidae,
Paluz Meotidienes.

=

= Valana,
Alania,
Valana,
,
(! -- . ).

=

= Liubene,
Albani.

=

,
Maegda londe,
Amazonia.

=

Wlgari,
Bulgari,
Bougreis.

=

= Armilla.

=

Wandali,
.

=

= Hungaria,
= Hunia,
Ungaria,
Minor Ungaria.

=

= Graecia,
.

=

= Coralli,
= Blachi,
= Ilac,
= Blac,
(!!! -- .).

=

Balchia.

=

= Ethilia.

-- =

Galacia,
Gallacia.

=

= Gothia,
= Mesia,
= Theutonia,
Germania,
Allemania,
Jermaine.

=

- () = Hibernicum occeanum.

=

(!).

=

,
(Gotland),
,
.

=

Hunni,
Huni,
Hun.

=

= Dani,
Daneis.

=

= Denemearc,
= Dacia,
Dania,
Desemone.

=

= Daci,
= Dani,
Norddene,
Denen.

=

= branchium Sancti Georgii.

() =

= Alexandres herga,
Porta ferrea Alexandri,
claustra Alexandri.

() =

= Aper.

=

(. ).

() =

= Danai,
= Thanais,
Tanais.

- =

Susie,
Russie,
Ruissie,
Rusia,
Russia,
Ruthenia,
Rutenia,
Ruthia,
Ruthena,
Ruscia,
Russcia,
Russya,
Rosie.

() =

= Danubius,
= Hister,
Danuvius,
Damaius,
Deinphirus,
Danube.

=

. .

=

= Hybernia.

=

Ysolandia.

=

= beorg Taurus,
Caucasus.

=

Caspia garsecge,
mare Caspium.

=

(.).

=

= Chyo (!),
= Cleva (!),
= Riona (!).

=

= Cathaii.

=

(. ),
(. ).

=

mare Rubrum.

- () =

= Hibernicum occeanum.

=

= Merseburg.

=

Moesia = (. ).

=

= Moal,
(. ).

(NARVA) =

= Armilla.

=

= Germanici = Germani, = Teutonici,
= Theutonici,
= Allemanni.

=

= Frisia, Frise.

=

Nordmenn.

=

= garsecg,
Oceano,
Oceanus,
Occeanus,
Ocean.

=

= Getae.

=

= Planeti,
= Captac,
= Cumani,
= Comanii,
= Alani,
= Values,
= Valani.

. 1.

(PRUSSIA) =

= Prutenia (!) = - = -.

 

=

= Prateni,
= Pruteni,
= Pructeni,
= Prusceni,
= Praceni,
= Pruceni.

=

(. ).

=

,
(. ).

=

= Russii,
= Dogi (!),
= Rugi (!),
= Rutheni (!),
= Rusceni.

=

(. ).

=

= Sciffia garsecg,
Occeanus Septentrionalis,
mare Scythicum.

=

(. ).

=

= Gothi.

=

= Sithia,
= Barbaria,
Scithia,
Scythia,
Sice (!).

 

=

Scithes,
Scythae,
Cit (!).

(SCLAVI) =

= Winedas,
= Wandali,
Roge.

=

(. ).

 

=

(!) = Gothia.

=

(. ).

(-) =

Tartareori,
gens Tartarins,
Tartari,
Tartariti,
Tartarii,
Tattari,
Tatari,
Tartarei,
Thartarei.

=

mare Tyrene.

=

= Coralli,
Thurki,
Turci,
= Blachi,
Ilac,
Blac (!).

=

Riffeng beorgum,
Hyberborei montes,
montes Riph(a)eis,
Hyperborei montes.

=

= Gallia,
Francia.

 

=

(.).

=

= Cassaria,
(!)= Cessaria.

=

Chazari.

=

(. ).

=

= Euxinus,
= Pontius,
= mare Ponticum,
= mare Majus.

 

=

Scotia,
Gutlonde.

=

= Cingis,
= Churchitan,
= Zingiton,
,
Cliyrcam,
Gurgatan,
Cecarcarus,
Ingischam,
Tharsis (!),
(!),
(!) (Presbyter Iohannes).

( )

= Malesclodus,
= Malescoldus,
= Julius Clodius,
= Jurius Georgius.

 

. (Malescoldus), .. (.[12]) , :

Juriscloht ( Jurius-Georgius),

= Juliusclodius (!),

( XII -- ),

Julius Claudius,

( ).

.

" , . [] , , " ([13], [14]).

: "...Aufugit ad regnum Dogorum, quod nos melius vocamus Russiam. Quem rex terrae Malescoldus nomine, ut cognovit quis esset, honeste retinuit" [13].

, , , -- . :

" . [] , , "

, - : -- - , -- - . , , , , , , I (943--958), II (1004--1034), III (1057--1093) ..

, - . -- ( !) .

( ) IX--XV , .. ( ) . , . , , (, , ).

, , .

:

.8 .  -- I .. ( ). 1 400 .. , , . 1--400 . .., , . , . ( XVIII ). , XIX--XX , .

V .. .

:

)

) .

, V :

) ,

) .

, , 1603 .

) 404 .. I , 1603 .., I (1603--1625) . , " ", , (" ") 1200- 404 1603 . .. , , " ", . . . 8. , " ", .. .

) - .

1 445 ..

60 . .. .. (. . 8) -- .

I .. 445 .. . , , , () . ( - ) I .. V .. .

409 .. - ([2], .11) , , . (. 4).

445 830 ..

445 , (). :

(Brittany = Britain),

(Saxons = Kent),

(Sussex = South Saxons),

(Wessex = West Saxons),

(Essex = East Saxons),

(Mercia).

828 .., -- . (), . [6] [7], 830 . " 829 " ([11], .172). . 2.

830 1040 ..

830 , ( ).

1016 1040 . 1016 ( ) , . , 1035 1042 (1042--1066). .8 1040 .

1040 1066 ..

. 1066 , .. -- . : , I , , I (1066--1087). -- 1066 -- . 8.

1066 1327 ..
, .

1066--1327 . -- ([7], .357): 1066 1153 ( 1154) . -- ([7], .357): 1154 1272 . 1263--1267 ([11], .260), XIII- -- XIV- -- I (1272--1307) II (1307--1327). , . 1314 .

1327 1602

III (1327--1377) .

1600 , .

.

, , , . , .

12. - .
-- -

-

, , () , , , , . -. , , .. (. [1], [24]) ( ) , , , , . : . , - -- ( ) . ?

1 1700 .. -- . , , 1. ( , ), 2. . , (.. ).

1--400 .. , . 440 .. (. ), 830 ( ). , [2].

- 1 1500 .. , I XV .. I IV .. , 330 ( = ). ( ) VI .., ( VI ..). --. 1453 . . 9. -- -, -- . 275 .

% 9 ( 2 )

.9 , . , , . , (!) . , - , . 1--2 .

445 .. 830 .., - -- 170--550 .. " " 380 . ( -) .

, : ( ).

.10 : ( ) . , , , 275 .

.

% 10 ( 3 )

-, : , , ? , , . , , , ( ) England, Angles ([2], .12--13) Angel Anglia, , Angeln ([2], .289). Angles ( ) - 443 .. . , , (Anglia) (925--940) ([7], .340).

, -- ( ) 1185--1204 . ... ([15], .166). , : ? ( !) ?

. . - . -- .

: , , , . , , .

.

, () 640 1327 .. 378 830 .., 1143 1453 ..

. .8 ().

, .

1) 640 1040 ( 400 ) 378 830 ( 452 ). 210 .

: ( ) (.. ), ( - -).

2) 1040 1327 ( 287 ) 1143 1453 ( 310 ). 120 .

3) 830 1143 1040--1327 . , , , 830--1143 . 1143--1453 . .[1], [24].

4) , , , .

5) , , , : -0, -1, -2, -3.

640--830 . 378--553 .
275

640--830 . . -- 400--830 . -- (. 9, 10).

378--553 . , = . , . "-0" .8.

 

[2], - . ASC. , . . . . , .

1. (Cenwalch) 643--672 643--647 . 29 25 , ( 647 .)

1. I