. - " " (The Three Black Pennys, 1917, . . 1925), " " (The Java Head, 1919, . . 1926), "" (Cytherea, 1922, . . " ", 1925), " " (Bright Shawl, 1922, . . 1926), "" (Balisand, 1924, . . 1926) "" (Tampico, 1926, . . 1927). "" , . , . . (Ginsberg), (. 3. VI. 1926, , -) - . - . 1948 . , . . . . . . 40- - 50- . - , - - . " " (Empty Mirror, 1960) " " (The Gates of Wrath, 1973). - , . , , . " , , , - ". " " (Howl and Other Poems, 1956), . . . . "- ". , - . "" " ". (78 ) , - "", - , " " . (, -, , - , , , .) , , . " , , !" - , . . . , , - , . , , , . , . - , "" " ". 1950-1960- . "" (Kaddish and Other Poems, 1961), " " (Reality Sandwiches, 1963). , "". . , , , ( 1965 1985 .). . 60- . " " (The Fall of America, 1972, . . .). - . , , , , , , . , , , , . "" . , , , , , " ". , . . 70- .- " " (Mind Breathes, 1977), " " (Plutonian Ode, 1981)- , , , , , - , , , . , , " ": "" "" - , , - , , "" . 1984 ., , (Collected Poems, 1947-1980). . (Glasgow), [ ] (22.IV. 1873, , - 21.XI.1945, ) - . . - . . , , . ( . . ) , . " , , ... " ", , , ", - . 1897 . "" (The Descendant). , , - 1850- 1940- . " " (The Voice of the People, 1900) , . "" . . , " " . , , , : " " (The Battle-Ground, 1902), " " (The Romance of a Plain Man, 1909), " " (The Miller of Old Church, 1911), " " (Life and Gabriella, 1916). , , . "" (Virginia, 1913), , , " " , - . , , , " ". " " (Barren Ground, 1925, . . "", 1928). , , , . , , : " " (The Romantic Comedians, 1926), " " (They Stooped to Folly, 1929), " " (The Sheltered Life, 1932). , , " ". , , " ", . , " " , , 1920-1930 . , : . " " . , " - ". " " (Vein of Iron, 1935), " " (In This Our Life, 1941, . .) . , . , , " ". " , , , , , ", " " , , " " " ". - " " (Beyond Defeat, . 1966) - , . : " - ! - !" - 1931 . , , "" . " " . . "-", . . (Gold), - ; , [Granich] (12.IV.1893, --14.V. 1967, -, )- , , . , 1880- . , , , , , . 1914 . "" . , (1918). , , , " " (1920). "", "". 1922 . , " " (Jews Without Money, 1930, . . 1931). 20 15 , , , . - . , , , . 1925 ., . , " ", . 1926 . " ", 1930 - . "120 " (720 Million, 1929). , , , " " (Strange Funeral in Braddock), "" (America) "120 ". 1933 . : " " " ". (1935). ", , - , - , . - ..." 40- 50- . . " " , , 1957 . -, " ". , , , . " " (The Hollow Men, 1941), . , . . - " " (The Life of John Brown, 1960). , . . . (Hawthorne), (4.VII. 1804, , - 18.V.1864, , -) - , , . : " " (Twice-Told Tales, 1837, 1842), " " (Mosses from an Old Manse, 1846), " " (The Snow-Image and Other Twice-Told Tales, 1851); : " " (Grandfather's Chair, 1841), " " (Famous Old People, 1841), " " (Liberty Tree, 1841), " " (Biographical Stories for Children, 1842), " " (A Wonder Book, 1852), " " (Tanglewood Tales, 1853); : " " (The Scarlet Letter, 1850, . . 1856, 1957), " " (The House of the Seven Gables, 1851, . . 1852, 1975), "" (The Blithedale Romance, 1852), . 1912; " ", 1982). " " (The Marble Fawn, 1860, . . "", 1860) - " " (Our Old Home, 1863). , "" (Fanshaw, 1828), . " " (Peter Parley's Universal History, 1837) , . . , , ( ) . , , . , , . , , . . . , , , , " ". , , , - . , . . . . , , . , , . - . , , , , , , . , , , , , , , , XIX . . , , , , " , ". . . . . , , , , "", "". , , , , . , , , . , - , - . . . , , . . , " , , , ". , , "" . "". - , XIX ., . . , , , , . , "". . , - , . , , , , , , . , , XIX . , . , , . . , , - , . , , " ". "" , . . . . . . . " , - , - , , , , " (""). , , , . . . . " ", , " " , . , - , . , , , . . , , . , . , , , . , , , . , . 2- 1982 . . (Grau), (p. 9.VII.1929, , ) - . 1950 . . "", "", " ", "". 1955 . - " " (The Black Prince). " " (The Hard Blue Sky, 1958), " " (The House on Coliseum Street, 1961), " " (The Keepers of the House, 1964, . ., . . 1969), " " (The Condor Passes, 1971, . . 1974), " " (Evidence of Love, 1977), " " (The Wind Shifting West, 1973) " " (Nine Women, 1986). . . " ". , 50-70- . , . -, , , . , " " - "" , .. , , , . " " - " ". , , , . , , , , , . , , , , , . , . , , . " ", , - , " ". , , , . . , , , , . : . , - - , . "" " ", , , . , , , , "", . . , , . , , - . . (Goodrich), (19.VIII.1793, , - 7.V. 1860, -) - , , , . 1827 . - "", 15 . , , . , . , . -, . . , . , . . , (Peter Parley). . , " , , ". , , " ". 20 170 , 7000000 . . , - . , " ". 2- "" (Recollections of a Lifetime, 1856). , . "" - . .  (Daly), (20.VII.1838, , . - 7.VI. 1899, ) - , , . . , " ", 1862 . " " (Leah the Forsaken), . "". . , . . , , , . " " (Under the Gaslight, . 1867, -), . - , , , - , -, - . . (suspense), , , - . " " " " (The Red Scarf, 1869), , , - (. . " "). "" (Horizon, 1871), . ( , , ) , . , , , , , , . . (Dunbar), (27.VI.1872, , - 9.II.1906, ) - , . , , . , , . , ; " " (Oak and Ivy, 1893). . ; . . , - " " (Majors and Minors, 1895). , " " (Lyrics of Lowly Life, 1896), "... ". ; 1897 . , . , , , , , , , . , , . - , : . , . , . . , . (, , , ). , : " " (Ode to Ethiopia), , : " " (The Unsung Heroes), " " (The Coloured Soldiers), . , . , . -. , : " " (The Haunted Oak), : " " (We Wear the Mask). , , . . - , , . , " " - , . " ", " ": , "" . , , , , , . -, , ( - " ", The Sport of the Gods, 1902), ; , "" : " -" (The Tragedy of Three Forks), " " (The Lynching of Jube Benson). - , , , - . : "-" , " ", , 1930-1940- ., " ", . , . , , , , . . (Dunlap), (12.11.1766, -, - - 28.IX.1839, -) - , , , . . . 1777 . -, . 30 , , . , . 1787 . , , "" . , , - ", " (The Father; or, American Shandyism, 1789). 1798 . - "" (Andre), , - , ( , ). 1798 . - "" " ", " " - . . 1805 . . 10- , - . (The History of the American Theatre, 1832), " " (The History of the Rise and Progress of the Arts of Design in the United States, 1 vol., 1834). . - . . (1815). 1827 . . " " 25 1827 .