: DNS ( ), DNS ( AIX - named).

DNS

DNS (Standard Resource Record Format). : 

[<Name>] [<TTL>] [<Class>] <Type> <Data>

.

<Name> - . <Type> , , . . <Name> , <Name> ( ).

<TTL> - ( ). , DNS -. , <TTL> <Minimum>, SOA (. ).

<Class> . Internet (TCP/IP) - IN. , .

<Type> - , . " ".

<Data> - , . <Type>. <Data> , . . .

( ).

. <Name> .

@ "@" <Name> .

( ) <Data> ( <Data> ).

* . .

; . .

. , , , . . , , .

<Type> . . RFC (. " "). .

SOA () .
NS .
A .
CNAME . .
HINFO .
MX .
PTR .

.

SOA ( )

SOA . SOA.

SOA

<Name>  [<TTL>]  [<Class>]  SOA  <Origin>  <Person>  (
                                 <Serial>
                                 <Refresh>
                                 <Retry>
                                 <Expire>
                                 <Minimum>  )

komtek.dp.ua.      IN  SOA  srv.komtek.dp.ua.  root.srv.komtek.dp.ua. (
                            970308
                            3600
                            600
                            3600000
                            86400  )

<Data> <Origin>, <Person>, <Serial> . .

<Name> .

<Origin> .

<Person> , . , "@" (. . alex@komtek.dp.ua alex.komtek.dp.ua).

<Serial> . , . , .

<Refresh> , .

<Retry> , .

<Expire> . , .

<Minimum> TTL , . . <TTL> .

NS ( )

NS , .

NS 

[<Domain>]  [<TTL>]  [<Class>]  NS  <Server>

komtek.dp.ua.                   NS  srv1.komtek.dp.ua.
                                NS  srv2.komtek.dp.ua.

<Domain> , <Server> - . , srv1.komtek.dp.ua srv2.komtek.dp.ua komtek.dp.ua.

A ()

A . <Host> - , <Address>- IP-.

A

[<Host>] [<TTL>] [<Class>] A <Adress>

sri-nic.arpa. A 10.0.0.51

CNAME ( )

CNAME . <Nickname> , <Host> - () .

CNAME

[<Nickname>]  [<TTL>]  [<Class>]  CNAME  <Host>

rs1                               CNAME  srv1.komtek.dp.ua.
www                               CNAME  srv2.komtek.dp.ua
ftp                               CNAME  srv2.komtek.dp.ua

HINFO ( )

HINFO , .

<Host> , <Hardware> - , <Software> - . <Hardware> <Software> , RFC 1700.

HINFO

[<Host>]  [<TTL>]  [<Class>]  HINFO  <Hardware>  <Software>

pc1                           HINFO  IBM-PC       MSDOS
rs1                           HINFO  IBM-RS/6000  AIX

MX ( )

e-mail, MX - , , . <Name> , . <Host> - . <Reference> , .

, komtek.dp.ua, unix1.komtek.dp.ua. , -dos, unix2.komtek.dp.ua.

MX

[<Name>]  [<TTL>]  [<Class>]  MX <Preference>  <Host>

komtek.dp.ua.                 MX  10  unix1.komtek.dp.ua.
*-dos.komtek.dp.ua.           MX  10  unix2.komtek.dp.ua.

, , :

1. alex@komtek.dp.ua, alex@unix1.komtek.dp.ua;
2. vad@pc-dos.komtek.dp.ua, vad@unix2.komtek.dp.ua;
3. dba@host1.komtek.dp.ua, dba@host1.komtek.dp.ua.

MX, ( - 10) .

PTR ()

PTR, IP- ( ).

, , DNS, IP- ( ). IP- .

, . IN-ADDR.ARPA. IP-. , () IP- .

, cso.uiuc.edu 128.174 (, 128.174.0.0, IP- B). vmd.cso.uiuc.edu IP- 128.174.5.98. 174.128.in-addr.arpa. 98.5.174.128.in-addr.arpa.

PTR . <Special-name> ( IN-ADDR.ARPA), <Name> - .

PTR 

[<Special-name>]  [<TTL>]  [<Class>]  PTR  <Name>

98.5.174.128.in-addr.arpa.            PTR  vmd.cso.uiuc.edu.
51.0.0.10.in-addr.arpa.               PTR  sri-nic.arpa.

IN-ADDR.ARPA () . , IP-. PTR , , , PTR, IP- . 1, 2 3 () IP- IP- (A, B C).

, gw.komtek.dp.ua, A, B C IP-: 12.2.0.7, 129.14.1.3 194.140.13.2. A PTR .

PTR A 

; A
gw.komtek.dp.ua.       A  192.168.1.7
                       A  192.168.2.3
                       A  194.140.13.2
;  PTR   
7.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa.   PTR  gw.komtek.dp.ua.
3.2.168.192.in-addr.arpa.   PTR  gw.komtek.dp.ua.
2.13.140.194.in-addr.arpa.  PTR  gw.komtek.dp.ua.
;  PTR  
1.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa.   PTR  gw.komtek.dp.ua.
2.168.192.in-addr.arpa.     PTR  gw.komtek.dp.ua.
13.140.194.in-addr.arpa.    PTR  gw.komtek.dp.ua.

BIND

, de facto DNS BIND. Unix-, NetWare ( Novell NFS Services, FTP Services, NetWare/IP) .

DNS. Unix- /etc/named.boot, NetWare - SYS:ETC\NAMED.CFG, - DNS .

- , DNS, . , DNS DNS .

DNS . :

1. directory <Path> DNS, . : directory /etc

2. domain <Domain> . : domain komtek.dp.ua

3. primary <Domain> <FileName> , <Domain> <FileName>. : primary komtek.dp.ua /usr/named.data

4. secondary <Domain> <IP-1> [<IP-2>...] <FileName> , <Domain>. IP- <IP-1>, <IP-2> . . <FileName>. : secondary komtek.dp.ua 192.168.1.3 named.bak

5. cache <Domain> <FileName> , - <Domain>. - ( ) <FileName>. : cache . named.ca

6. , ";", . , : .

DNS

, DNS TCP/IP. , Internet. , Internet. IP- , .

, Internet, IP- . Internet InterNIC, IP-. IP- Internet-. Internet-.

Internet, IP- . Internet, DNS .

IP- C: 194.170.12.0 194.170.13.0. , komtek.dp.ua.

IP- () gw : 194.170.12.1 194.170.13.4. Internet .

srv1 (194.170.12.2) srv2 (194.170.13.3), : host1, host2, host3.

mail (194.170.13.2) , host4.

DNS srv1.komtek.dp.ua srv2.komtek.dp.ua.

DNS SRV1

; /etc/named.boot
directory  /etc
domain   komtek.dp.ua
primary  komtek.dp.ua             named.data
primary  12.170.194.in-addr.arpa  named.rev1
primary  13.170.194.in-addr.arpa  named.rev2
primary  0.0.127.in-addr.arpa     named.local
cache    .                        named.ca


; /etc/named.data
@         IN  SOA    srv1.komtek.dp.ua.  root.mail.komtek.dp.ua.  (
                        970308
                        3600
                        600
                        3600000
                        86400  )
                 NS     srv1.komtek.dp.ua.
localhost        A      127.0.0.1
gw               A      194.170.12.1
                 A      194.170.13.4
                 HINFO  IBM-RS/6000  AIX
srv1             A      194.170.12.2
                 HINFO  IBM-RS/6000  AIX
host1            A      194.170.12.3
                 HINFO  IBM-PC  MSDOS
host2            A      194.170.12.4
                 HINFO  IBM-PC  MSDOS
host3            A      194.170.13.1
                 HINFO  IBM-PC  MSDOS
mail             A      194.170.13.2
                 HINFO  IBM-PC  UNIX
host4            CNAME  mail.komtek.dp.ua.
srv2             A      194.170.13.3
                 HINFO  IBM-PC  UNIX
komtek.dp.ua.    MX  10  mail
*.komtek.dp.ua.  MX  0   mail.komtek.dp.ua.


; /etc/named.rev1
@         IN  SOA    srv1.komtek.dp.ua.  root.mail.komtek.dp.ua.  (
                        960218
                        3600
                        600
                        3600000
                        86400  )
                          NS     srv1.komtek.dp.ua.
1                         PTR    gw.komtek.dp.ua.
12.170.194.in-addr.arpa.  PTR    gw.komtek.dp.ua.
2                         PTR    srv1.komtek.dp.ua.
3                         PTR    host1.komtek.dp.ua.
4                         PTR    host2.komtek.dp.ua.


; /etc/named.rev2
@         IN  SOA    srv1. komtek.dp.ua..  root.mail. komtek.dp.ua. (
                        970205
                        3600
                        600
                        3600000
                        86400  )
                          NS     srv1.komtek.dp.ua.
1                         PTR    host3.komtek.dp.ua.
2                         PTR    mail.komtek.dp.ua.
3                         PTR    srv2.komtek.dp.ua.
4                         PTR    gw.komtek.dp.ua.
13.170.194.in-addr.arpa.  PTR    gw.komtek.dp.ua.


; /etc/named.local
@     IN  SOA    srv1.komtek.dp.ua.  root.mail.komtek.dp.ua.  (
                        960124
                        3600
                        600
                        3600000
                        86400  )
                          NS     srv1.komtek.dp.ua.
1                         PTR    localhost


; /etc/named.ca
.   999999    IN         NS  sri-nic.arpa.
                         NS  brl-aos.arpa.
sri-nic.arpa.   999999   A  10.0.0.51
                999999   A  26.0.0.73
brl-aos.arpa.   999999   A  192.5.25.82
                999999   A  128.20.1.2

DNS SRV

; /etc/named.boot
directory  /etc
domain    komtek.dp.ua
secondary komtek.dp.ua  194.170.12.2  named.data.bak
secondary 12.170.194.in-addr.arpa 194.170.12.2 named.rev1.bak
secondary 13.170.194.in-addr.arpa 194.170.12.2 named.rev2.bak
primary  0.0.127.in-addr.arpa     named.local
;   Internet
cache    .                        named.ca


; /etc/named.local
@     IN  SOA    srv2.komtek.dp.ua.  root.mail.komtek.dp.ua.  (
                        960124
                        3600
                        600
                        3600000
                        86400  )
          NS     srv2.komtek.dp.ua.
1         PTR    localhost


; /etc/named.ca
.   999999    IN   NS  sri-nic.arpa.
                   NS  brl-aos.arpa.
sri-nic.arpa.   999999  A  10.0.0.51
                999999  A  26.0.0.73
brl-aos.arpa.   999999  A  192.5.25.82
                999999  A  128.20.1.2

, , Internet, cache /etc/named.boot /etc/named.ca.

, /etc/named.ca, Internet-. , Internet- srv1.komtek.dp.ua srv2.komtek.dp.ua DNS, Internet komtek.dp.ua.

0.0.127.in-addr.arpa, localhost (127.0.0.1) "" TCP/IP.

, DNS , , SOA .

IP . . . .

- Internet, IP . , , , , , . , . - , , , .. ..

, IP (DNS) . , - IP IP . 4- AIX (DHCP), (DDNS).

DHCP

, , TCP/IP, IP, gateway, , . TCP/IP . - , , 50 TCP/IP.

DHCP TCP/IP , , . DHCP, IP DHCP . DHCP IP . , , gateway , , X-window , .

DHCP

DHCP /. dhcp-