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2.

2.1

, . , . , , .

, , . , ( ) ASCII ( ).

ASCII ( ASCII 7 ) 128 . , ASCII , , , , , . (0-127). , . 7 , ( , ).

ASCII 7 ASCII 8 ( ASCII). , 0 255. (0-127) - ASCII, 127 . ASCII ( 8 , ASCII), .

ASCII 8 . (ISO) , ISO 8859-X . 8 , ( 0-127) ASCII, . , :

Latin 1, , - , ( umlauts, .).

ASCII - IBM ( , ). - .

, 8- ASCII , 8 . , ASCII 7 , 8 ASCII . , , ASCII , . , , - . .

8 Locale .

8 , ASCII . ASCII - ASCII . ASCII.

ISO 8859-5 , . ( ), ( ), , , . , Internet KOI8-R (. ), ISO 8859-5 , , , OpenVMS ..

, , Alt Microsoft CP1251. Alt "" - . IBM PC , IBM . Alt - IBM , , . , . Alt -.

Microsoft CP1251 - Microsoft Windows. , ( , -)

: KOI-8 . Alt CP1251 UNIX . UNIX , KOI-8 .

. (7 ) ASCII. 8 , , . 8 ( 8 ). KOI8 . ASCII , , . , , , KOI-8, , "" , !

, KOI8-R Internet. . , . - RFC 1489 ("Registration of a Cyrillic Character Set").

, ASCII . Unicode. , Unix Linux . .


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