Neskol'ko setevyh komand Unix
1. ping. Prozvonit' udalenuyu mashinu.
Proveryaet, otklikaetsya li ukazannaya mashina po seti:
ping host.name
Vklyuchit' nepreryvnuyu "prozvonku" (s intervalom v 1 sek.):
ping -s host.name
Prervat' "prozvonku" - Strl-S .
2. finger. Kto rabotaet v sisteme.
Format ispol'zovaniya:
finger [-l] pol'zovatel'@setevoe.imya.komp'yutera
Kto rabotaet na mashine po imeni ipsun.ras.ru :
finger @ipsun.ras.ru
Kak pozhivaet pol'zovatel' Moshkov na etoj mashine:
finger -l moshkow@ipsun.ras.ru
3. talk. Vyzvat' pol'zovatelya na razgovor
talk moshkow ili
talk moshkow@fedfond - vyzvat' ukazannogo pol'zovatelya na
ukazannoj mashine na razgovor.
U etogo pol'zovatelya na ekrane poyavitsya priglashenie pogovorit':
Message from Talk_Daemon@ipsun at 23:29 ...
talk: connection requested by ivanov@server.fedfond.msk.su
talk: respond with: talk ivanov@server.fedfond.msk.su
I esli on naberet otvetnuyu komandu
talk ivanov@server.fedfond.msk.su
To vy smozhete pogovorit' drug s drugom. Okonchanie razgovora -
Ctrl-C
4. mailx. Poslat' komu nibud' elektronnuyu pochtu.
/* v Linux nado ispol'zovat' ne mailx, a prosto mail */
mailx username@host.name
Subject: Tema pis'ma
Tekst soobshcheniya
. . .
Okonchanie teksta soobshcheniya
CHtoby okonchit' vvod teksta pis'ma, v pustoj stroke nazhmite
Ctrl-D. Ili postav'te tochku "." v nachale stroki i nazhmite ENTER.
Esli pis'mo uzhe gotovo i nahoditsya v fajle let.txt, to otp-
ravit' ego mozhno tak:
mailx -s "Proverka pochty" semen@server.fedfond.spb.su < let.txt
5. mailx. Prochitat' prishedshuyu na moj adres pochtu.
mailx, zapushchennyj bez argumentov, perehodit v komandnyj rezhim
chteniya postupivshej pochty. V etom rezhime mozhno pol'zovat'sya
takimi komandami:
? - vydat' help po vsem dostupnym komandam
h 12 - zagolovki pisem nachinaya s 12-go nomera
6 - chitat' 6-oe pis'mo
d - unichtozhit' tekushchee pis'mo
s fajl - sohranit' pis'mo v fajle "fajl"
r - otvetit' na pis'mo
dlya nastroek programmy mailx ispol'zuetsya fajl .mailrc, kotoryj
dolzhen lezhat' v domashnem kataloge pol'zovatelya. V nem
zhelatel'no imet' strochki takogo primerno soderzhaniya:
########### vstav'te eti stroki v svoj fajl .mailrc !!!!
set crt=22
set record='/home/moshkow/Mail.sended'
##############################################################
# chtoby dlinnye pis'ma "listalis'" postranichno komandoj more ;
# sohranyat' kopii vseh otpravlennyh pisem
# v fajle /home/moshkow/Mail.sended ;
alias max moshkow@ipsun.ac.msk.su
alias kafedra petrov smirnov@nic.com lapin@sovim.mit.edu
# pochtovye aliasy - mozhno zadat' sinonimy dlya dlinnyh pochtovyh
# adresov ili gruppy adresov, i ispol'zovat' eti sinonimy
# vmesto adresa pri otpravke pochty
Esli vy hotite zavesti sebe blagozvuchnoe imya dlya adresa svoej
elektronnoj pochty, vstav'te v fajl /etc/aliases primerno takie
strochki:
Maksim.Moshkow: moshkow
moshkov: moshkow
i vypolnite komandu
newaliases
I teper' mne mozhno otpravlyat' pis'ma po takim adresam:
moshkow@moshkow.ru
moshkov@moshkow.ru
Maksim.Moshkow@moshkow.ru
Esli vy hotite pereadresovyvat' vse prishedshie vam pis'ma
na drugoj adres, sozdajte fajl $HOME/.forward i vpishite v nego
novyj@email.adres
ili, esli nuzhno otsylat' pis'ma, no ostavlyat' sebe kopiyu, to
\yourlogin, newadres@email.adres
Esli ispol'zuetsya Linux, to mozhno pol'zovat'sya sistemoj procmail
CHtoby pis'ma prislannye vam po spisku rassylki skladyvalis' v
otdel'nyj folder, pomestite v svoj $HOME/.procmailrc :
###############################################################
####### Udalyaem dublirovannie pisem (s odinakovym message-id)
:0 Wh: msgid.lock
| formail -D 8192 msgid.cache
####### Mail-listy sbrasyvaem v otdel'nyj folder
:0
* ^(Sender|To|CC): .*(ezh@cdru.com|ezh@ezhe.com|banners@list.techno.ru)
nsmail/ezh
####### Perenapravit' telo pis'ma (bez zagolovka) na programmu
:0 b
* Subject: .*uuencoded
| uudecode
####### Esli pis'mo nebol'shogo razmera i ne kasaetsya mailing-lista
####### "zhurnal@sharat.co.il" to kopiyu peresylat' na moj domashnij email.
#######$HOME/.procmailrc :
:0 c
* < 10000
* !^To: .*zhurnal
! moshkow@home.moshkow.ru
####### Posylaem podtverzhdenie o poluchenii pisem bol'she 30Kb
:0 h c
* > 30000
* !^From: CityCat
* !^From: .*linux
* !^FROM_DAEMON
* !^Subject: BOOK614
* !^X-Loop: moshkow@moshkow.ru
| ( egrep -v '^From moshkow|^Return-Path: moshkow' | formail -r -A"Precedence: junk" -A"X-Loop: moshkow@moshkow.ru" ; echo "Thanks, I have got your mail.") | $SENDMAIL -t
###############################################################
6. telnet. Zaloginit'sya na udalennuyu mashinu.
telnet host.name
Komanda telnet pozvolyaet vam zaloginit'sya na udalennuyu mashinu,
i rabotat' na nej, kak-budto vy sidite za terminalom, podklyu-
chennym neposredstvenno k nej.
U komandy telnet est' "goryachij klyuch" "Ctrl-]" , kotoryj perevo-
dit telnet v komandnyj rezhim. V etom rezhime mozhno menyat' para-
metry raboty telnet'a. Vyhod iz komandnogo rezhima - ENTER.
Sredi poleznyh komand nazovu tak zhe "exit" i "help"
7. ftp. File Trasfer Protocol. Peresylka fajlov.
CHto delat', esli nuzhno "peretashchit' fajl" s chuzhoj mashiny na
svoyu (ili naoborot), a NFS mezhdu nimi ne zapushchen? Ispol'zujte
programmu ftp. |to prosten'kaya komanda, pozvolyayushchaya peresylat'
fajly mezhdu mashinami po protokolu TCP/IP.
ftp host.name
User name (moshkow): ivanov
Passwd:
Udalennaya mashina sprosit u vas vashe vhodnoe imya i pa-
rol' (pod kotorymi vy zaregistrirovany NA UDALENNOJ mashine).
Esli vy na nej ne zaregistrirovany, poprobujte ukazat' vhodnoe
imya "anonymous", a v kachestve parolya - svoj email-adres.
Posle etogo ftp perehodit v komandnyj rezhim. V etom rezhime vy
mozhete "peremeshchat'sya" po katalogam udalennoj mashiny, po katalo-
gam svoej mashiny, prosmatrivat' ih oglavlenie, i zabirat' fajly
ottuda k sebe, ili klast' ih ot sebya - tuda.
ftp> help - govorit samo za sebya
ftp> quit - zavershit' rabotu
ftp> bin - ustanovit' rezhim peresylki binarnyh fajlov
(nastoyatel'no rekomenduyu)
ftp> cd katalog - peremeshchat'sya po "tamoshnim" katalogam
ftp> ls - vydat' "tamoshnee" oglavlenie
ftp> lcd katalog - peremeshchat'sya po "zdeshnim" katalogam
ftp> !dir - vydat' "zdeshnee" oglavlenie
ftp> !ls -al - vydat' "zdeshnee" oglavlenie
ftp> get file-tam [ file-name-zdes ] - vzyat' fajl ottuda
ftp> put file-zdes [ file-name-tam ] - polozhit' fajl tuda
Kak poslat' pis'mo vruchnuyu
telnet localhost 25
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 t30.systud.msk.su ESMTP Sendmail 8.8.5/8.8.5; Thu, 14 May 1998 18:01:21 +0400
vrfy ryba@aquarium.ru
expn ryba@aquarium.ru
helo whitehouse.gov
250 t30.systud.msk.su Hello localhost [127.0.0.1], pleased to meet you
mail from: god@heavens.com
250 god@heavens.com... Sender ok
rcpt to: moshkow@ipsun.ras.ru
250 moshkow@ipsun.ras.ru... Recipient ok
data
354 Enter mail, end with "." on a line by itself
Subject: Time to pray!
This the time to pray caoming along!
God
.
250 SAA01324 Message accepted for delivery
quit
Kakoe prilozhenie obsluzhivaet zadannyj setevoj port
netstat -a # polnyj spisok
netstat -ap 80
lsof -i tcp:80 # kto sidit na 80 portu
Last-modified: Mon, 26 May 2003 05:50:04 GMT