CHto popravit' v svezhe-proinstallirovannom Linux
Tekst budet popolnyat'sya.
YA znayu edinstvennyj distributiv Linux, kotoryj mozhno bylo
ispol'zovat' srazu, ne kovyryayas' v ego konfig-fajlah, v
pol'zovatel'skom okruzhenii, i t.p. - Slackware 1.0 obrazca 1994
goda.
Vse posleduyushchie relizy Slackware, a tem pache RedHat pered
upotrebleniem trebuyut hirurgicheskogo vmeshatel'stva.
RHEL3. Sborka rpm yadra iz original'nogo src.rpm
rpmbuild --rebuild bla-bla.src.rpm
Bol'she tonkostej otkryvaetsya pri
rpm -ivh kernel-*.src.rpm
vi /usr/src/redhat/SPECS/kernel-2.6.spec
... [custom]
rpmbuild -ba /usr/src/redhat/SPECS/kernel-2.6.spec
RedHat 8-9, FC, Advanced server
lockkit --disable -q # otklyuchit' fajrvoll
From: Sergej Bogomolov.
Glyuchit, sil net. No moj SoundBlaster tol'ko v nem rabotaet.
From: Dmitrij Voloshin
Glyuchnyj.
From: Maksim Moshkov
Glyuki, a kakie - sam ne pojmu, vrode i ne vpomnish' na chto
zhalovat'sya. A na firewall ya opyat' postavil 4.2 (s zaplatkami,
estestvenno).
From: YUrij Vasil'evich Kovalenko
1.) esli ne ustanovil LILO imenno s etogo distributiva (a
u menya na mashine est' eshche i RH-4.2) rc.sysinit ne mozhet najti
moduli.
2.) Posle ustanovki v resolv.conf poyavilas' tol'ko odna
stroka s odnim slovom "search", informaciyu o seti prosil uznat'
po bootp. Sledstviya - rugan' na nepravil'nyj format fajla i
otsutstvie dostupa k nameserver.
3.) Pri sborke yadra 34-1 iz /updates ruchkami prishlos'
delat' link asm - asm-i386
4.) Glint zavis pri poyavlenii v /updates direktorii
(/jpeg). |to to, chto vspomnilos' srazu, osobenno yarkie
vpechatleniya ot 1 punkta. Po sravneniyu s 4.2 - ochen' syro,
ochen' ploho reagiruet na lyuboj shag v storonu ot predstavlenij
avtorov ob konfiguracii mashiny. RH-4.2 ispol'zuyu 5 chasov v
sutki na on lajn obrabotke eksperimenta, 5.0 i 5.1 ne vnushayut
doveriya dlya etoj celi, zhdu 5.2.
From: Sergej Kuzovkov
Ustanovil RedHat 5.0 - net graficheskoj konfiguryalki dlya Iksov,
propala udobnaya programma statnet, a programma GhostView pri
vybore punkta "print" vmesto imeni printera trebuet teper'
vvesti komandu pechati...
Arhiv cpio -ov v RedHat 5.0 ne chitaetsya na drugih platformah.
A sovmestimyj cpio -ovca - NE CHITAETSYA na samom Linux!!!
Snesti "rodnoj" cpio, i zamenit' ego "starym" iz 4.2
V yavnoj forme zadavat' klyuch -H crc
Problema: Installyaciya po NFS - nagluho zavisaet. "Permition denied"
Lechenie: Vy ved' etot distributiv sftpili? A pravo "execute", kotoroe
ftp sbrosil, vosstanovit' ne zabyli?
cd redhat ; chmod -R a+x .
fstab: Propal disk C:, gde disketki A:, B:
Problema: Kak rabotat' s dosovskimi disketami? RedHat
predpolagaet, chto nastoyashchij unixoid pol'zuetsya disketkami
formata ext2, i ne vstrechaetsya s FAT-ovskimi dosovskimi floppi.
Problema: Ne podklyuchayutsya dosovskie razdely zhestkogo diska.
Potomu chto installyator "zabyl" sdelat' mount-point dlya nih.
Problema: CHto delat' s CDROM-om?
Lechenie:
Sozdat' sootvetstvuyushchie katalogi
mkdir /a
mkdir /b
mkdir /cdrom
mkdir /dos
mkdir /dosd
V fajle /etc/fstab dobavit'/ispravit' strochki:
/dev/fd0 /a msdos defaults,user,umask=000,noauto 0 0
/dev/fd1 /b msdos defaults,user,umask=000,noauto 0 0
/dev/cdrom /cdrom iso9660 defaults,user,ro,exec,dev,suid,noauto 0 0
/dev/hda1 /dos msdos defaults,user,umask=000 0 0
startx: |konomim odin virtual'nyj terminal i nemnogo pamyati
Problema: Posle zapuska X, startx zanimaet odin virtual'nyj
terminal, i ostavlyaet za soboj dva sleeped processa.
Lechenie:
V fajle /usr/bin/X11/startx ispravit' strochku
xinit $clientargs -- $serverargs
na
exec xinit $clientargs -- $serverargs &
lpd: udalennaya pechat' - permition denied
Problema: RedHat host po umolchaniyu ne dozvolyaet pechatat' na
svoem printere udalennym lpr klientam.
Lechenie: (voobshche-to tak ono i dolzhno byt' - security)
V fajl /etc/hosts.lpd vpisat' vse hosty, kotorym dozvoleno
pechatat'.
RedHat: otsutstvuet pcnfsd
Problema: PC s klientami NFS ne poluchayut dostup k setevomu
disku.
Lechenie:
to, chto nuzhno vpisat' v /etc/exports hotya-by takuyu strochku
/ (rw)
eto, polagayu, osobogo udivleniya vyzyvat' ne dolzhno. No, v
RedHat ne vhodit demon pcnfsd !
Skompilirujte pcnfsd iz ishodnikov, ili voz'mite ego iz
RedHatovskogo Contrib'a ili iz Slackware, i dobav'te zapusk
rpc.pcnfsd v fajl aktivizacii nfsserver'a
/etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S60nfs
daemon rpc.mountd
daemon rpc.nfsd
+ daemon rpc.pcnfsd
echo
profile: Problemy s kirilicej iz-za krivogo okruzheniya
Problemy: vi risuet russkie bukvy vos'mirichnymi kodami. less
risuet russkie bukvy shestnadcaterichnymi kodami. Bash ne
pozvolyaet vvesti v komandnoj stroke russkih bukv i merzko pishchit
pri etom.
Lechenie:
V /etc/profile dobav'te komandy
LC_CTYPE=iso_8859_1 export LC_CTYPE # |to spasaet russkie bukvy v VI
LC_LOCALE=iso_8859_1 export LC_LOCALE # |to spasaet russkie bukvy v VI
LESS="-e -r -X" export LESS # CHtob less russkie bukvy ne kalechil
/etc/inittab: RedHat stiraet ekran pered vyvodom Login:
Problema: pered tem, kak vyvesti priglashenie login, stiraetsya
ekran. Kstati, iz-za etogo sbrasyvaetsya russkij alfavit i
perekodirovku koi2alt prihodilos' vosstanavlivat' ruchkami
echo -e '\033(K'
Lechenie:
V /etc/inittab popravit' strochki zapuska getty (dobavit' "--noclear")
1:12345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty --noclear tty1
. . .
profile: Kak raspravit'sya s neudobnym priglasheniem bash
Problema: Priglashenie komandnogo interpretatora bash vo pervyh
nevrazumitel'no, a vo vtoryh v raznyh okoshkah ono raznoe.
Lechenie:
Priglashenie zadaetsya peremennoj okruzheniya PS1. Naiven, kto
schitaet, chto dostatochno ustanovit' ee v svoem pol'zovatel'skom
.profile . Uvy, sledy krivogo okruzheniya nado vykorchevyvat' s
kornem.
V fajlah /etc/profile /etc/skel/.bashrc $HOME/.profile
dobav'te/isprav'te komandu
PS1='\u@tty2:\w/\$ ' export PS1
Fajl /etc/bashrc unichtozh'te. Vse chto bylo v nem razumnogo
(IMHO - nichego v nem razumnogo net) vernite na svoe zakonnoe
mesto v /etc/profile
/etc/skel: Lazhovoe pol'zovatel'skoe okruzhenie
Problema: Vystavlyaetsya bezumnoe znachenie peremennoj PS1.
Ne otrabatyvaetsya pol'zovatel'skij .profile
Lechenie:
Udalit' v domashnem kataloge fajly
.bash_logout
.bash_profile
Ispravit' fajl .bashrc na
PS1='\u@tty2:\w/\$ ' export PS1
CHtoby prekratit' "oschastvlivlivanie" vseh svoih yuzerov,
prodelat' tu zhe operaciyu v kataloge /etc/skel
Prodolzhenie sleduet. Rekomenduyu tak zhe posmotret':
Nachalo raboty v sisteme ()
Komanda man po zavershenii prosmotra stiraet ekran s manualom
Problema: Komanda man po zavershenii prosmotra stiraet ekran s
manualom Nazyvaetsya "a u tebya ved' horoshaya pamyat'? Isn't it?"
Lechenie: man ispol'zuet dlya prosmotra komandu less. U less est'
klyuch "-X" - "ne deinicializirovat' ekran po okonchanii. Poetomu
dobav'te ego k defoltnym klyucham v peremennuyu okruzheniya LESS v
svoem profajle.
LESS="-e -r -X" export LESS
Lechenie: drugoj metod - popravit' v opisanii terminala stroku
deinicializacii (ah, kak tam ona nazyvaetsya?), i ubrat' iz nee
komandu stiraniya ekrana.
crontab: massa izlishnih rabot
crontab root'a lezhit u RedHat v nestandartnom meste -
/etc/crontab . Mozhet byt' dlya BOLXSHOGO mnogo pol'zovatel'skogo
internet-servera i nuzhen takoj ogromnyj spisok planiruemyh
rabot, no vse ravno, rekomenduyu na nego posmotret', sokratit'
chastotu zapuska raz edak v 10, a koe-chto sovsem
zakommentirovat'.
Konkretno: sokratit' chastotu atrun
0,10,20,30,40,50 * * * * root /usr/sbin/atrun
# Trim log files
uvelichit' razmer pri kotorom log-fajl udalyaetsya s 16 do 256kb
Esli ispol'zuetsya uucp to dobavit' chistku uucp-ishyh log-fajlov.
V Redhat Linux ezhednevno puskaetsya komanda updatedb, sozdayushchaya
indeks dlya locate. Odnako v etot indeks popadayut fajly tol'ko
iz kornevogo kataloga.
Lechenie: ispravit' klyuchi komandy updatedb v fajle
/etc/cron.daily/updatedb.cron
s
--localpaths='' --netpaths='/'
na
--localpaths='/' --netpaths=''
Postavlyaemyj s RedHat fajl Xsession nerabotosposoben.
Poprav'te v /etc/X11/xdm/Xsession nizhnij fragment teksta na
primerno takoj:
################## moshkow #############################
sysprofile=/etc/profile
profile=$HOME/.profile
[ -f "$sysprofile" ] && . $sysprofile
[ -f "$profile" ] && . $profile
[ -f "$resources" ] || resources=$HOME/.Xdefaults
[ -f "$resources" ] || resources=$HOME/.Xresources
[ -f "$startup" ] || startup=$HOME/.xinitrc
[ -f "$startup" ] || startup=$HOME/.xsession
[ -f "$startup" ] || startup=/usr/lib/X11/xinit/xinitrc
if [ -f "$startup" ]; then
xrdb -load "$resources"
exec sh "$startup"
fi
################## moshkow #############################
Raznoe. Nereshennye problemy
Posle perekompilyacii yadra VSE moduli, prishedshie s distributivom
perestayut rabotat'. Ih ostaetsya tol'ko unichtozhit'. No iBCS
unichtozhat' zhalko - a on skompilirovan pochemu-to pod versiyu yadra
2.0.13 vmesto 2.0.18. Prihoditsya iskat' ishodnik iBCS i
perekompilirovat'.
SHtatnaya postavka sendmail 8.7.5 imeet security hole -
lokal'nyj yuzer imeet vozmozhnost' poluchit' root prava.
SHtatnaya postavka sendmail 8.7.5 nerabotosposobna voobshche -
primerno chetvert' vseh pisem nedostavlyaetsya po prichine delivery
errors
Edinstvennyj metod lecheniya - upgrade do versii 8.8.5, u
kotorogo etot bug zalechen
Postavlyaemyj s RedHat 3.0 mount imeet security hole -
lokal'nyj yuzer imeet vozmozhnost' poluchit' root prava.
Proizvedite update na ispravlennuyu versiyu,
ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/redhat-3.0.3/i386/updates/RPMS/mount-2.5k-1.i386.rpm
ili snimite setuid-bit s komand mount/umount
# chmod u-s /bin/mount /bin/umount
Neskol'ko rekomendacij po bezopasnosti
Vol'nyj perevod s
http://www.corbina.net/~ppinpro/alx/gen-rule.html
Esli vash distributiv staree 3-5 mesyacev - smelo vykidyvajte ego
na svalku. On soderzhit massu izvestnyh vsemu miru security
holes i ne imeet massy poleznyh utilit.
Obyazatel'no perekompilirujte yadro, vykinuv iz nego vse ne
nuzhnye sejchas dravera.
Ne zabud'te sdelat' chmod 400 /vmlinuz.
Dobav'te v /etc/lilo.conf vozmozhnost' zagruzki predydushchego yadra.
Otredaktirujte /etc/inetd.conf. Zakommentirujte v nem VSE
strochki, kotoryh ne ponimaete.
Esli chto-to ostalos' nezakommentirovanno, pomestite stroku
ALL : ALL v fajl /etc/hosts.deny
I individual'nye strochki razreshenij na doverennye hosty v fajle
/etc/hosts.allow
VSE versii sendmail, krome SAMOJ SVEZHEJ pozvolyayut vzlomat' vash
komp'yuter iz seti. Unichtozhte fajl so staroj versiej.
wu-ftp demon nenadezhen i opasen. Nikto ne poklyanetsya, chto v nem
ispravleny vse security holes.
Konfigurirovanie tcp-wrapper'a
Po umolchaniyu vse servisy v /etc/inetd.conf otkryty.
Rekomenduetsya ogranichit' dostup k svoej mashine, ostaviv ego
tol'ko doverennym hostam i svoej lokal'noj seti.
Perekryt' dostup snaruzhi na uzlovuyu mashinu:
V fajl /etc/hosts.deny vstavit' strochku
ALL : ALL
Otkryt' dostup na uzlovuyu mashinu s mashin lokal'noj seti
195.0.1.0
V fajl /etc/hosts.allow vstavit' strochki
ALL : \
127.0.0.1
ALL : \
195.0.1.0/255.255.255.0
A kakoj versii sendmail na vashej mashine?
Date: 10 apr 97
Kstati CERT sovetuet stavit' Sendmail 8.8.5. Bolee rannie
versii pozvolyayut udalenno vypolnyat' lyubye komandy ot imeni
superpol'zovatelya na vashej mashine.
httpd: dyryavye cgi-skripty
SHtatnaya postavka Apach-httpd imeet cgi-skript
/home/httpd/cgi-bin/phf kotoryj pozvolyaet vypolnyat'
proizvol'nye komandy na vashej mashine ot imeni yuzera nobody
Pri rekonfiguracii yadra ne zabud'te vzvesti flazhki:
> * Drop source routes pakets [Y]
Drop packets that have a source route flag set. This stops simpliest
redirection attacks and should be always set to yes.
> * always defragment [Y]
Reassemble packet from fragments first and only after that apply firewalling
rulesets. Unless you have a really good reason not to do this ( and I am yet
to hear one ), it should be set t yes.
Imeyushchij dostup k konsoli Linux mozhet stat' superyuzerom
0. Zagruzka so svoej zagruzochnoj diskety
1. Booting to single-user mode
LILO: linux single
Debian obhodit eto popravkami v /etc/initab, a RedHat - propuskaet
# What to do in single-user mode.
~~:S:wait:/sbin/sulogin
2. Ukazat' al'ternativnuyu programmu init
LILO: linux init=/bin/bash
3. Zadat' drugoj root-partition
LILO: linux root=/dev/hda1
Esli sozdat' v otdel'noj particii vsyu polozhennuyu dlya kornya
strukturu, to mozhno budet s nee zagruzit'sya.
|tu vozmozhnost' mozhno poluchit', naprimer, esli /tmp
montiruetsya v otdel'nuyu particiyu. Ili mashina podderzhivaet UMS
DOS i imeet dosovskij razdel.
Lechenie
Zakryt' parolem BIOS-setting i otklyuchit' vozmozhnost'
zagruzit'sya s diskety.
Zakryvajte vozmozhnost' perehvata LILO-prompt
A workaround can be achieved by using PASSWORD and
RESTRICT options in /etc/lilo.conf.
Vnimanie: /etc/lilo.conf dolzhen byt' root.root 600, chtob
nikto ne smog etot parol' podsmotret'.
kerneld and ifconfig zagruzyat lyuboj kernel-modul'
Komanda
/sbin/ifconfig module-name
pozvolyaet _lyubomu_ pol'zovatelyu zagruzit' modul' iz kataloga
/lib/modules ispol'zuya kerneld.
Lechenie:
Poka ne zalecheno v promyshlennom masshtabe. Otklyuchajte kerneld
ili yavno ukazyvajte moduli, kotorye mozhno gruzit', uberite vse
lishnie moduli dostavshiesya vam posle installyacii.
/etc/rc.d : Lishnie komandy pri nachal'noj zagruzke
Problema: pri nachal'noj zagruzke zapuskaetsya bol'shoe kolichestvo
izlishnih servisov (chto osobenno nerviruet na domashnih standalone
mashinah)
Lechenie:
Zajti v katalog /etc/rc.d/rc3.d
i pereimenovat' "lishnie" fajly:
mv S45pcmcia s45pcmcia
. . .
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ : Nekorrektnye ustanovki staticheskogo routinga
Esli pytat'sya ustanavlivat' staticheskij routing setej cherez
"control-panel -- Network" - to ne rabotaet.
Lechenie:
Libo dobavit' komandy
route add -net network.address gw your-host
v fajl /etc/rc.d/rc.local
Libo ispravit' v konce /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-routes
grep "$1 " /etc/sysconfig/static-routes | while read device args; do
route add -$args $device
done
na
grep "$1 " /etc/sysconfig/static-routes | while read device args; do
route add -$args # $device
##########
done
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ : Nekorrektnye skripty
From: Roman (mrv@fia.volga.ru)
Problema: Pripeklo ustanovit' dva PPP interfejsa. pol'zovalsya
standartnoj konfiguryaloj v iksah. Glyuk - pri vystavlenii u
odnogo interfejsa priznaka Default gateway, tablica routinga
stroitsya s dvumya default
Lechenie: Analiz pokazal - pri zapuske demona
PPPD, esli emu yavno ne ukazat' otkaz ot Default gateway,
to po umolchaniyu on postavitsya sam.
Neobhodimo v fajle /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ppp
najti stroku:
if [ "${DEFROUTE}" = yes ] ; then
opts = "$opts defaultroute"
fi
I dobavit' v nee:
if [ "${DEFROUTE}" = yes ] ; then
opts = "$opts defaultroute"
else
opts = "$opts -defaultroute"
fi
Problema: Pri ispol'zovanii Alias na setevye karty ne
otrabatyvaetsya Static-route
Primer: Est' adapter eth0 , delaem alias na nego eth0:0
Pri popytke postrojki staticheskogo routinga
v fajle /etc/sysconfig/static-routes dlya seti na
interfejse eth0:0 posle perezagruzki
komp'yutera nichego ne proizojdet.
Lechenie: Gotovogo reshenie poka net, no prichina
v skripte kotoryj inicializiruet zapusk seti
V nem analiz interfejsov v fajle /etc/sysconfig/static-routes
idet do znaka "dvoetochie"
Lechenie2: Kardinal'noe - gorbatogo mogila ispravit. Vykinut'
GUI-control-panel i konfigurit' rukami i vstavlyat' komandy
pod'ema interfejsov i routinga v /etc/rc.d/rc.local
Raspolozhenie yadra /vmlinuz ili /boot/vmlinuz ?
Problema: zamorochki s yadrom. S installyacii rabochee yadro
kladetsya v /boot/vmlinuz i /etc/lilo.conf zatachivaetsya pod
nego, a pri perekompilyacii, po komande make zlilo yadro
zabrasyvaetsya v /vmlinuz
Lechenie:
Popravit' /etc/lilo.conf ruchkami, i skazat' lilo
Nastraivaemye parametry yadra
Na sil'no zagruzhennyh sistemah nachinaetsya igra v nehvatku:
cannot fork try again, no more filedescriptors, no more pty...
Lechenie: Uvelich'te nastraivaemye parametry i perekompilirujte yadro.
CHislo psevdoterminalov (a sledovatel'no chislo xterm'ov,
telnetov...)
/usr/src/linux/include/linux/tty.h
#define NR_PTYS 256 /* etot parametr trogat' ne rekomenduetsya */
I ne zabud'te mknod dlya bol'shego chisla pty
Maksimal'noe chislo processov
/usr/src/linux/include/linux/tasks.h
#define NR_TASKS 4090 /* On x86 Max 4092, or 4090 w/APM configured */
#define MAX_TASKS_PER_USER (NR_TASKS/2)
#define MIN_TASKS_LEFT_FOR_ROOT 16
CHislo fajldeskriptorov i otkrytyh fajlov.
/usr/src/linux/include/fs.h
#define NR_FILE 4096
#define NR_INODE 3072
Update RedHat 3.0.3 --> 4.0
Normal'no mozhno postavit' RedHat s CD ili po NFS.
A vot s lokal'nogo zhestkogo diska...
#$%^#$&&^)#%$@$&^*%%^
a eshche on ster moj fajl /etc/hosts, /etc/httpd/conf/*,
pereimenoval /etc/sendmail.cf, /etc/lilo.conf
Koroche, ya-to postavil. A Vy?
Update RedHat 4.0 --> 4.1
1. Vo vremya ustanovki v samom konce sprashivaetsya: "Keep current
network setting" YA skazal "No", mashina neozhidanno sdelala re
boot, i potom ej bylo ne zdorovo. Vo vtoroj raz ya skazal ej
"Keep"
2. Posle update na nachal'noj zagruzke poyavlyaetsya soobshchenie
klog-daemon: ws unknown action
Prichina: V fajle syslog.conf razrezalos' neskol'ko strochek.
news.=crit /var/log/news/ne
ws.crit ^^^ skleit'
3. V sendmail 8.8.5 ne udaetsya po normal'nomu nastroit' uucp-
delivering. Nesmotrya na Smart-relay-host, on tem ne menee
pytaetsya sdelat' na adresa DNS-resolving.
Otklyuchit' ne udalos', FEATURE(nodns) ne pomogla. Prishlos' vzyat'
staryj uucp_without_dns sendmail.cf iz-pod slackware 2.0
Prodolzhenie sleduet: xdm, uucp, startx-win95...
Prisylajte svoi sovety/zamechaniya/dopolneniya po povodu vsego
vysheskazannogo
Maksim Moshkov. moshkow@ipsun.ras.ru
Esli ne rabotaet setevaya karta
http://www.scyld.com/network/rtl8139.html
http://www.scyld.com/expert/modules.html
Kompilyaciya modulya s draverom:
gcc -DMODULE -D__KERNEL__ -O6 -c driver.c
Installyaciya v /lib/modules/kernel-version/net/driver.o
install -m 644 driver.o /lib/modules/`uname -r`/net/
/etc/modules.conf:
###########################
alias eth0 driver
options driver full_duplex=1,0,1 debug=0
# vklyuchit' full-duplex na 1 i 3-j karte
###########################
Vozmozhnye popravki v TCP-konfige
esli slishkom mnogo time_wait
netstat -na -f inet | grep ^tcp4 | awk '{print $(NF)}'|sort |uniq -c
echo 1600 >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_time
echo 20 >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_fin_timeout
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_probes
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_window_scaling
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_sack
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_timestamps
echo 393213 > /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max
echo 393213 > /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_default
echo 393213 > /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max
echo 393213 > /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_default
Izgotovlenie emergensy boot floppy
# mke2fs /dev/fd0
# mount /dev/fd0 /mnt/fd
# mkdir /mnt/fd/boot
# mkdir /mnt/fd/boot/grub
# cp /boot/grub/stage1 /mnt/fd/boot/grub/stage1
# cp /boot/grub/stage2 /mnt/fd/boot/grub/stage2
# cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /mnt/fd/boot/grub/menu.lst
# umount /mnt/fd
# /sbin/grub --batch --device-map=/dev/null <
Last-modified: Fri, 28 Apr 2006 08:23:52 GMT